Large scale gas leakage monitoring with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has been widely employed in atmospheric trace gases detecting and industrial control due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapidity of response. An open path TDLAS system is developed for monitoring large scale methane leakage around the oil refinery. The tunable distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser emits at 1.65 fun. In order to enhance the sensitivity, a system combining long open path and second harmonic detection technique is developed. The test results show that the time resolution is less than 0.1 second and the detection limit is lower than 3.6 ppmv. This system is adapted for monitoring a large scale methane concentration changing trend instead of measuring its absolute concentration.     

An approach of open-path gas sensor based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS)is a new method to detect trace-gas qualitatively or quantificationally based on the scan characteristic of the diode laser to obtain the absorption spectroscopy in the characteristic absorption region.A time-sharing scanning open-path TDLAS system using two near infrared distributed feedback(DFB)tunable diode lasers is designed to detect CH_4 and H_2S in leakage of natural gas.A low-cost Fresnel lens is used in this system as receiving optics which receives the laser beam reflected by a solid corner cube reflector with a distance of up to about 60 m.High sensitivity is achieved by means of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with second-harmonic detection.The minimum detection limits of 1.1 ppm·m for CH_4 and 15 ppm·m for H_2S are demonstrated with a total optical path of 120 m.The simulation monitoring experiment of nature gas leakage was carried out with this system. According to the receiving light efficiency of optical system and detectable minimum light intensity of detection,the detectable optical path of the system can achieve 1-2 km.The sensor is suitable for natural gas leakage monitoring application.     

Large scale gas leakage monitoring with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has been widely employed in atmospheric trace gases detecting and industrial control due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapidity of response. An open path TDLAS system is developed for monitoring large scale methane leakage around the oil refinery.The tunable distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser emits at 1.65μm. In order to enhance the sensitivity,a system combining long open path and second harmonic detection technique is developed. The test results show that the time resolution is less than 0.1 second and the detection limit is lower than 3.6 ppmv. This system is adapted for monitoring a large scale methane concentration changing trend instead of measuring its absolute concentration.     

A high sensitivity spectrometer with tunable diode laser for ambient methane monitoring

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has been widely employed in atmospheric trace gases detection. In the measurement of these trace gases, harmonic detection combined with a multi-pass white cell could remarkably enhance the detection sensitivity. In this paper, a portable TDLAS system built specifically for long time monitoring methane in the atmosphere is introduced. The detection limit is below 100 ppb that is enough for the monitoring of ambient methane, and the long time monitoring results obtained in Beijing are given, which is well coincident with that of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.     

Study on long distance transmission technique of weak photocurrent signal in laser gas sensor

The continuous monitoring of H2S gas concentration is a common problem in natural gas desulfurization process technology.Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS)is a preferred technology for continuous monitoring of gas in industrial sites,because of its high selectivity,high sensitivity,and fast response.We discuss the technical solutions of on-line monitoring of H2S in natural gas desulfurization process technology based on TDLAS,and study the security design of monitoring system in inflammable and explosive areas.We also design a weak photocurrent signal converting circuit and perform experiments on transmission characteristics of different distances.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of laser absorption spectrum does not decrease after the 1 500-m transmission.The detection limit is 300 ppb.The system can be operated stably and reliably,and satisfies the need for continuous monitoring of the H2S in natural gas desulfurization process.     

Research on the distributed optical remote sensing of methane employing single laser source

A design and testing of a cost-effective distributed optical remote sensing methane system, which will help one to detect gas leaks from multi-coal face in mines simultaneously, is presented. The fundamentals of the remote detection are based on frequency-modulation spectroscopy (FMS) and harmonic detection. By utilizing fiber-optic splitting technique and reference-signal restoring circuit, the remote sensing system is feasible to employ single laser source to get multi-spot measurement in the near infrared region so that the system described here shows sufficient sensibility, considerably increased reliability and marketability over the presently available system. The minimum measurable path-integrated concentration is estimated to be about 423 ppb-m by experimentation.     

Confocal epifluorescence detection for microspheres delivered on disposable microfluidic chip

The laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection system for 5-μm microspheres delivered on microfluidic chip is presented employing confocal optical scheme. The parameters of the optical system are specifically optimized for single microsphere detection. With the excitation laser spot size of 4.6 μm and optical sectioning power of 27 μm, the lowest concentration detection limit is 0.45 nmol/L, corresponding to only 122 molecules in probe volume. The microsphere detection is carried on successfully with the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 55.7, which provides good detection sensitivity.     

Confocal epifluorescence detection for microspheres delivered on disposable microfluidic chip

The laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection system for 5-μm microspheres delivered on microfluidic chip is presented employing confocal optical scheme. The parameters of the optical system are specifically optimized for single microsphere detection. With the excitation laser spot size of 4.6 μm and optical sectioning power of 27 μm, the lowest concentration detection limit is 0.45 nmol/L, corresponding to only 122 molecules in probe volume. The microsphere detection is carried on successfully with the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 55.7, which provides good detection sensitivity.     

Quantum cascade laser-based spectrometer for high sensitive measurements of trace gases in air

A quantum cascade(QC)laser-based spectrometer is developed to measure trace gases in air.The proposed spectrometer is tested for N2O,and the results presented in this letter.This system takes advantage of recent technology in QC lasers by utilizing intra-pulse scan spectroscopy,which allows high sensitive measurement.Without calibration gases,the gas concentration can be calculated with scan integration and the corresponding values from the HITRAN04 database.By analyzing the Allan variance,a detection limit of 2 ppb is obtained.Continuous measurement of N2O sampled from ambient air shows the applicability of the proposed system for the field measurements of gases of environmental concern.     

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱气体检测仪的数据采集与实验分析

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术是一种具有高灵敏、高选择性、快速响应等特点的气体检测新技术,它利用了半导体激光器的可调谐和窄线宽特性,通过精心选择待测气体的某条吸收线可排除其它气体的干扰实现待测气体浓度的高灵敏快速在线检测。讨论在工业环境下气体检测系统中数据采集与信号处理方法,分析了实验结果。在工业数据采集和处理系统中如何提高实时性和通用性,是设计者首要解决的问题。在VC++环境下,多线程技术和面向对象方法,实现了实时数据采集,不存在采集丢点问题,成功地实现了数据的准确完整性与实时性,并且在新的数字信号处理中提高了系统的测量精度、重复性和稳定性,满足了工业气体在线检测的需要。     

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱遥测二氧化碳通量的研究

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)具有高分辨率、高灵敏度以及响应时间快等优点.以室温下工作的近红外可调谐半导体激光器为光源,通过波长调制方法对1 578 nm附近CO2气体吸收线的二次谐波信号测量,结合双开放光路技术,实现对不同高度层面700多米长光程范围内CO2气体浓度的快速在线检测.结合大口径闪烁仪测量的莫宁-奥布霍犬长度和特征速度,通过经验公式计算得到CO2气体的通量在-60～60 mg·m-2·s-1范围内波动.实验数据与涡动相关比较表明,两者数据整体变化趋势一致,该方法可以获得较理想的结果.突破了目前对近地面痕量气体通量的监测只能提供局地结果的现象,使大面积范围内痕量气体通量的测量成为可能.     

基于可调谐激光吸收光谱的大气甲烷监测仪

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术利用二极管激光器波长调谐特性,获得被测气体的特征吸收光谱范围内的吸收光谱,从而对污染气体进行定性或者定量分析,这种方法不仅精度较高,选择性强而且响应速度快,已经被用于大气痕量气体监测以及工业控制。在对空气中的痕量气体进行检测中,由于气体浓度较低,需要和长吸收光程技术相结合。将可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱与经过108次反射后达到27 m光程的多次反射池相结合研制了用于地面环境空气中甲烷含量监测的便携式吸收光谱仪,并结合了用于微弱信号检测的二次谐波检测技术,从而达到了体积分数低于1×10-7的检测限,并利用不同体积分数的甲烷气体对系统进行了测试,得到了很好的测试结果。     

痕量气体激光检测系统波长锁定技术研究

利用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)对痕量气体进行检测时,环境温度变化以及激光器控制电路的噪声常常使得激光器输出波长发生漂移,影响了气体浓度测量的准确性。以开放光路的激光吸收光谱氨气检测系统为例,在分析激光器扫描中心波长随电流变化规律的基础上,提出了基于电流控制的自适应锁定扫描中心波长的方法。研究了基于参考校准光谱的光谱数据对准算法,实现了开放大气中氨气浓度的实时监测。结果表明,波长锁定大大提高了痕量气体浓度反演的准确性和稳定性。氨气浓度具有日变化周期:上下班时段浓度上升,中午达到最大值,夜间浓度降低,系统检测限为3.8mg.m-3.m。     

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术检测痕量乙烯气体的系统研制

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)利用激光器的窄线宽和波长调谐特性,使其扫描被测气体的单个吸收峰,实现痕量气体的高分辨率、高灵敏度快速检测。通过分析近红外波段的乙烯吸收谱线特性,选取1 626.8 nm附近的吸收峰作为检测谱线,研制了基于white池结构的TDLAS检测系统,结合波长调制和二次谐波检测,对体积分数为20～1 200 ppmv的乙烯气体进行了测量,推算该系统的检测下限约为10 ppmv。     

氨气激光在线检测中浓度精确反演的研究

氨气是大气中含量最为丰富的碱性痕量气体,氨浓度检测是近年来环境和农业领域的一个重要研究方向。利用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术,结合波长高频扫描技术和多次反射池技术设计了氨气激光在线检测系统。通过激光中心波长锁定、背景基线拟合、吸收线型拟合、光强归一化和线性最小二乘拟合算法实现了氨浓度的精确反演。分析了系统性能,在24.32m光程下系统检测限为0.157mg/m3。使用该浓度反演方法实现了氨气的高灵敏、高精确在线检测。     

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱法测量环境空气中的甲烷含量

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱法是在二极管激光器与长光程吸收池技术相结合的基础上发展起 来的一种新的痕量气体检测方法.这种方法不仅精度较高、选择性强而且响应速度快.介绍了 一套可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱检测甲烷浓度的实验装置.这套装置具有灵敏度高、检测限 低（低于0087mg/m3³）、易于集成为便携式痕量气体检测仪等优点，利用 这套装置实现了对环境空气中甲烷含量的检测. 关键词： 可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱 多次回归 多次反射池     

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱的氧气测量方法的研究

O₂是工业过程中广泛应用的重要气体, 在工业生产环境下实现O₂浓度的快速在线检测对提高燃烧效率和节能减排具有重要的意义。可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱谐波探测技术是一种具有高灵敏、高选择性、快速响应等特点的气体检测新技术,该技术利用了半导体激光器的可调谐和窄线宽特性,通过精心选择待测气体的某条吸收线可排除其他气体的干扰,实现待测气体浓度的高灵敏快速在线检测。文章以可调谐分布反馈(Distributed feedback, DFB)半导体激光器作为光源,通过波长调制方法对760 nm附近氧气某一吸收线的二次谐波信号测量,从而实现了对氧气浓度的快速在线检测。系统指标达到：检测范围0.01%～20%;检测精度0.1%;长期稳定性1%。     

可调谐激光二极管吸收光谱系统信号分析及谱线畸变校正技术研究

利用可调谐激光二极管吸收光谱技术进行气体检测时,波长调制伴随的光强幅度调制,会使解调出的谐波谱线发生畸变.在傅里叶分析的基础上对可调谐激光二极管吸收光谱任意调制幅度的波长调制光谱信号进行了分析,给出了光强幅度调制引起吸收谱线畸变的理论解释.提出了在波长调制过程中进行旧步平抑幅度调制的方法来消除谱线畸变,设计了实验方案并...     

基于QCL-TDLAS的NH3浓度测量仿真研究

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy，TDLAS）作为一种新型气体浓度测量技术被广泛应用于NH₃浓度测量领域。利用Matlab可视化建模仿真软件Simulink分别实现了以中远红外量子级联激光器（quantum cascade laser，QCL）和近红外分布反馈式激光器（distributed feedback laser，DFB）做为光源的NH₃浓度TDLAS直接吸收测量仿真，并且分别在常温常压和烟气脱硝出口环境参数下理论分析了NH₃浓度测量灵敏度、检测限和分辨率。仿真结果表明:与传统近红外DFB光源相比，QCL-TDLAS系统理论灵敏度高约50倍，检测限与分辨率可达ppb量级，痕量NH₃浓度测量能力得到大幅度提升。仿真过程和结果为QCL-TDLAS技术在NH₃浓度测量方面的研究提供了理论依据。