超导材料中1-ω部分、ω部分对超导电性影响的特征

在本文中,根据超导材料组成的结构特征,以电声子机制为基础,研究了在超导材料中超导部分(导电层部分)1-ω与非超导部分(载流子库部分)ω对超导材料的超导转变温度Tc的影响具有本质上的不同,提出了在超导材料中,ω部分通过转移电荷增加1-ω部分的N(O)部分、强化θ促使Tc增加.     

MoP在高压下的电子,声子和电声耦合性质的第一性原理计算

使用第一性原理方法,研究了拓扑材料MoP在高压下的电子结构和晶格动力学行为.高压下MoP的晶体结构和费米面附近的电子能带相对稳定,但是声子能谱以及电声子耦合参数随着压强的增大有明显的变化.声子谱中高频光学支逐渐硬化,低频声学支中也有部分出现明显软化,体系的电声子耦合随压强的增大而逐步变强,导致超导转变温度从常压下的零提高到30 GPa时的0.16 K,最后在50 GPa时提高到1.21 K,与实验的变化趋势基本一致.研究揭示了高压下MoP中出现的超导现象主要是电声子耦合造成的,为理解实验观测到的拓扑超导共存现象提供了一定的理论支持.     

超导理论研究进展

本文概述了超导微观理论研究的最新进展．首先简述了超导微观理论研究的主要成就和重费米子库珀对态的原子表示；然后综述了高温氧化物超导体的微观电子理论和超导机制，其中包括共振价键理论、局域反铁磁交换作用理论、多极化子理论和超导弦理论等．     

N(O)的分布与原子核外电子的分布、V与电离势的关联

BCS超导电性微观理论中提出超导材料的超导转变温度Tc由θ(临近费米界面电子之间的相互吸引),λeff=N(O)V(N(O)在费米界面每单位能量的一种自旋Bloch态密度;V=平均,电子对在-ω<ε<ω在区域中跃迁的矩阵元Vkk′能为衡量的平均矩阵元)决定,并给出计算公式.基于高Tc超导材料的特征,用电负性均衡原理分析了由于在高Tc超导材料中的元素有化学键的形成,N(O)和V具有特殊的变化,电声子机制可以产生高Tc超导电性。     

基于小型低温制冷机的高温超导材料超导转变温度测量装置

高温超导材料的超导转变温度是判断超导材料性能优劣的一个重要指标,而超导材料转变温度的测量一般采用输运方法进行电阻随温度变化来确定.本文介绍一种新近研制的基于低温制冷机的高温超导材料超导转变温度测量装置,能有效的将样品温度从室温连续均匀的降至35K,通过Lab VIEW编写的数据采集系统人机界面,采用电流换向技术消除热电势,可以准确测量出超导材料的超导转变温度.经实验验证,该测量装置测量精确和重复性良好,可作为有效判定高温超导材料性能优劣的一种手段.     

M3C60（M=K,Rb）超导机理研究

综述了近几年来Ｃ６０超导体，特别是Ｋ３Ｃ６０和Ｒｂ３Ｃ６０单昌超导体的实验研究结果，主要包括超导转变温度以上的电阻－温度关系、高温下电阻的饱和现象及超导转变温度、上临界磁场和相干长度等超导性质。上述实验结果可以用传统的电子－声子相互作用理论来解释。     

各向异性的费密系统超导转变温度及热力学性质

把超导体作为各向异性的费密系统，考虑到电子拓扑跃变情况下，利用三能带交迭模型计算出超导转变温度Ｔ_ｃ和化学势μ的关系，以及其它的热力学量。计算结果同实验进行了比较。 关键词：     

H 离子辐照对 NbN 薄膜的微观结构和超导性能影响

氮化铌(NbN) 低温超导薄膜是用于制作超导器件的典型材料. 基于 NbN 超导薄膜的超导纳米线单光子探测器(SNSPD) 在量子通信、 暗物质探测、 激光测距等领域都有着广泛应用. 本工作借助中国科学院兰州近代物理所320 kV 低能重离子综合研究平台采用300-keV H1 + 离子对7 nm 厚度的低温超导材料 NbN 超薄膜进行了离子辐照, 得到了辐照前后超导转变温度Tc 及超导能隙 Δ(0) 、 费米面附近电子态密度 N0 等其他材料参数的变化, 为借助离子辐照手段改善 NbN SNSPD 性能提供了实验参考.     

超导线材

美国一个研究组制成了一种新型超导线材，不仅可以无阻地传导高强度电流，而且有强、轻、细、长的力学性质，实验表明这种奇异的超导体是无法用标准超导理论解释的．研究组是将3mm～5mm长的镀镍碳纤维束放进充满镁蒸气的管中，然后在700℃坩埚中加热30分钟合成的．而MgCNi3是最近发现，晶体结构类似钇钡铜氧，但更简单而且不含铜和氧的超导体，其转变温度大于8K，或许这种新超导材料的奇异特性有助于人们理解高温超导体及其他类似材料中的电子行为．     

超导各向异性的研究现状简述

自从观察到临界电流随磁场偏角发生变化的现象以来（临界电流的各向异性）,如何在提升临界电流的同时降低各向异性成为了获得高性能超导体的主要考量。本文将以临界电流各向异性的起源——超导各向异性为核心,简述超导各向异性的实验现象、理论描述,及其与超导电动力学本构、磁弹耦合效应之间的关系。以此简述来突出超导各向异性在超导体物理和应用方面的重要性。     

Inverted V-shaped evolution of superconducting temperature in SrBC under pressure

Based on density functional first-principles calculations and anisotropic Eliashberg equations, we have investigated the electronic structure, lattice dynamics, and phonon-mediated superconductivity in newly synthesized layered compound Sr BC under pressure. Different from Li BC and Mg B2, our calculations surprisingly reveal that Sr BC is isotropic in compressibility, due to the accumulation of substantial electrons in the interstitial region. We find that the Sr phonons strongly couple with B-2 pz orbital and the interstitial states, giving rise to a two-gap superconductivity in Sr BC, whose transition temperature shows an inverted V-shaped dependence on pressure. The maximal transition temperature is about 22 K at50 GPa. On both sides of 50 GPa, the transition temperature exhibits quasi-linear variation with positive and negative slopes, respectively. Such a variation of transition temperature is infrequent among phonon-mediated superconductors. The competition between enhanced electron–phonon matrix element and hardened phonons plays an essential role in governing the behavior of the critical temperature.     

Superconductivity and spin fluctuations

In the conventional superconductors, the Cooper pairs are mediated by phonons, which is a process where only the correlations between the phonons and the charge properties of the electrons are needed. However, superconductivity can also be derived from other types of elementary excitations. The spin fluctuations are arguably the most promising candidate that can mediate such unconventional superconductivity. In some of the important systems such as cuprates, Fe-based superconductors and heavy-fermion superconductors, spin fluctuations play a key role in the mechanism of their superconductivity although there are still many debates. In this paper, we will give a brief review on the correlation between the spin fluctuations and superconductivity.     

Intercalant-driven superconductivity in YbC6 and CaC6

Recently discovered superconductivity in YbC6 and CaC6, at temperatures substantially higher than previously known for intercalated graphites, raises several new questions. (1) Is the mechanism considerably different from that of previously known intercalated graphites? (2) If superconductivity is conventional, what are the relevant phonons? (3) Given the extreme similarity between YbC6 and CaC6, why are their critical temperatures so different? We address these questions on the basis of first-principles calculations and conclude that coupling with intercalant phonons is likely to be the main force for superconductivity in YbC6 and CaC6, but not in alkaline-intercalated compounds, and explain the difference in T(c) by the "isotope effect" due to the difference in Yb and Ca atomic masses.     

超导与自旋涨落

在常规超导体中,库珀对是由于电子与声子之间的相互作用而形成的.在此过程中,人们可以只考虑电子的电荷性质与声子之间的关联.然而在所谓的非常规超导体中,人们意识到一些其他类型的元激发也可能导致超导现象,而自旋涨落则可能是其中最重要的一种.在大多数非常规超导体中,都可以发现自旋涨落的身影.而在一些重要的体系中,包括铜基超导体、铁基超导体以及一些重费米子超导体体系等,可以确切地说,自旋涨落起到了关键的作用,尽管其相对应的超导机制仍然还不清楚.文章简单介绍了自旋涨落与超导电性之间的关联.     

Strong interaction of correlated electrons with phonons: Exchange of phonon clouds by polarons

The interaction of strongly correlated electrons with phonons in the framework of the Hubbard-Holstein model is investigated. The electron-phonon interaction is considered to be strong and is an important parameter of the model, in addition to the Coulomb repulsion of electrons and the band filling. This interaction with nondispersive optical phonons is transformed to the problem of mobile polarons using the canonical transformation of Lang and Firsov. We discuss the case where the on-site Coulomb repulsion is exactly canceled by the phonon-mediated attractive interaction. It is suggested that polarons exchanging phonon clouds can lead to polaron pairing and superconductivity. The fact that the frequency of the collective mode of phonon clouds is larger than the bare frequency then determines the superconducting transition temperature.     

Studies of chemical diffusion in La1-X SrXCoO3-δ

Recent investigations of superconductivity in carbon nanotubes have shown that a single-wall zig-zag nanotube can become superconducting at around 15?K. Theoretical studies of superconductivity in nanotubes using the traditional phonon exchange model, however, give a superconducting transition temperature T _c less than 1?K. To explain the observed higher critical temperature we explore the possibility of the plasmon exchange mechanism for superconductivity in nanotubes. We first calculate the effective interaction between electrons in a nanotube mediated by plasmon exchange and show that this interaction can become attractive. Using this attractive interaction in the modified Eliashberg theory for strong coupling superconductors, we then calculate the critical temperature T _c in a single-wall nanotube. Our theoretical results can explain the observed T _c in a single-wall nanotube. In particular, we find that T _c is sensitively dependent on the dielectric constant of the medium, the effective mass of the electrons and the radius of the nanotube. We then consider superconductivity in a bundle of single-wall nanotubes and find that bundling of nanotubes does not change the critical temperature significantly. Going beyond carbon nanotubes we show that in a metallic hollow nanowire T _c has some sort of oscillatory behaviour as a function of the surface number density of electrons.     

Long-range order in quasi-one-dimensional conductors

We study the formation of the charge-density wave long-range order in a system of repulsive 1D electrons coupled to 3D phonons. We show that the charge-density wave can be stabilized by interaction with phonons in quasi-1D crystals and semiconducting nanowires. In the case of metallic atomic chains, interaction with phonons of a 3D substrate is not enough, and violation of the translational invariance by commensurable perturbation or disorder is needed. The possibility of stabilization of superconductivity in 1D electrons with attraction by means of tunnel coupling to a 3D metal is considered.     

Superconducting phase at 7.7 K in the HgxReO3 compound with a hexagonal bronze structure

We have successfully synthesized a new rhenium-based hexagonal bronze material, HgxReO3, which exhibits superconductivity with the transition temperature Tc=7.7 K at ambient pressure and 11.1 K at 4 GPa. This compound is a superconductor with the highest Tc among hexagonal bronzes. Moreover, it presents the novel crystallographic feature that (Hg2)2+ polycations, in contrast to monatomic cations in known hexagonal bronzes, are incorporated into open channels. There is evidence that conducting electrons tightly couple with Hg-related phonons. Our results inspire detailed studies on the role of the rattling phonon in the occurrence of superconductivity in the hexagonal bronzes.     

Technical Reports: Scaling Laws in High-temperature Superconductors as Revealed Through Infrared Spectroscopy

Superconductivity refers to a fascinating state of matter where the electrical resistivity is precisely zero. Originally discovered in elemental metals such as mercury and tin in the early part of the last century, the mechanism of superconductivity was elusive and nearly 50 years passed before a comprehensive theory for superconductivity in metals was proposed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer [1] (the “BCS” theory). In a normal metal, the resistivity is determined by the elastic scattering of carriers. However, when a metal becomes a superconductor, the charge carriers are no longer single electrons, but rather pairs of electrons (“Cooper pairs”), which are bound together by a phonon interaction (phonons are the vibrations of the atomic lattice), and flow without resistance.