外场中超导结的直流约瑟夫逊电流的计算

外加磁场对超导体/半导体/超导体结的临界电流有一定影响。超导结的临界电流与磁场的曲线非常类似于单色光在单狭缝衍射的夫琅和费图样。该文在未考虑外加磁场的超导体/半导体/超导体结的临界电流的基础上,进一步对外加磁场的情形进行了研究,并对其结果借助M athem atica软件做了进一步的讨论。     

手性ABM态p波超导体上临界磁场的角依赖关系

利用格林函数方法,通过Klemm-Clem变换,计算具有正交晶格结构椭球形费米面的手性ABM态p波超导体上临界磁场的角依赖关系.超导序参量选取具有手性ABM对称性的等自旋配对单分量形式.当椭球形费米面满足一定条件时,上临界磁场随角度呈现非单调变化,表明除配对电子有效质量的各向异性外,手性ABM态p波超导体也具有超导序参量的各向异性.计算结果可用于判断重费米子超导体Sr2RuO4的配对电子空间结构.     

122型铁基超导线带材实用化研究进展

在种类众多的新型铁基超导材料中,122型铁基超导体具有高转变温度、超高上临界场、低各向异性、高临界电流密度等优点,因此成为高场应用领域最具竞争力的铁基超导材料.目前122型铁基超导线带材在4.2 K,10 T下的传输临界电流密度已经超过10⁵A/cm²这一实用化门槛值,表现出十分广阔的应用前景.本文回顾了新型铁基超导体的发现及发展历程,结合122型铁基超导体的自身特点,就如何制备高性能122型铁基超导线带材展开讨论,同时对粉末装管法制备流程中影响线带材性能的几大关键因素进行了详细分析.重点介绍了近年来122型铁基超导线带材的实用化研究进展,包括高强度线带材的制备、圆线的研制、多芯线材及长线的制备、超导接头的研究、力学性能及各向异性的研究等.对122型铁基超导线带材实用化研究进行了总结,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

高温超导带材临界电流角度依赖性测量分析

第二代高温超导带材与第一代相比,有着载流能力强、交流损耗低、无需贵金属等优点,在超导电力应用中有广阔前景。高温超导带材临界电流在外磁场的影响下会发生衰减,超导带材临界电流的角度依赖性是超导电力装备设计必不可少的参数。实验选取温度50～77 K、磁场0～3.5 T、磁场角度0～360°区间,分别测量了上海超导、苏州新材料等厂家生产的市面主流第二代高温超导带材的临界电流,分析了不同背景磁场大小及角度下超导带材的各向异性。结果表明,各厂家生产的超导带材具有明显的各向异性。     

低温/高温复合超导体中的电流分布的研究

低温/高温复合超导体是将高温超导体部分取代复合实用低温超导体中的金属稳定材料或两者直接复合成一体,这种复合超导体具有稳定性高,工程电流密度大等优点.本文对NbTi/Bi2223高温复合超导体中的电流分布进行了理论研究,并得出液氦温度下,如果复合超导导体中,低温超导体和高温超导体具有相同的临界电流,超导体正常运行时低温超导体中的电流大于高温超导体中的电流,两者之比随运行电流的升高而降低.     

电力系统动模实验用50kJ高温超导储能磁体的设计研究

介绍了 2 0 K下对电力系统动模实验用 5 0 k J高温超导储能磁体的设计步骤 ,给出了用 Bi- 2 2 2 3单根超导带进行5 0 k J磁体线圈的设计和优化结果 ,分析了高温超导体的各向异性对磁体临界电流的影响和磁体漏磁的分布 ,并讨论了用单根高温超导带组成的超导体和用多根高温超导带组成的超导体设计的储能磁体的特性参数对改善电力系统动态特性的能力的影响。     

超导磁体及其应用

自从1911年翁纳斯(Kamerlingh Onnes)发现了超导现象以来,已经过去六十八年了.然而,真正使超导有其重大的应用价值,也只不过是近十几年的事情.原因很简单,虽然一些材料在一定温度下变成了超导体(即电阻消矢,完全抗磁),然而它本身的临界电流和临界磁场H都很低,没有什么实用价值.直到发现了和H都很高的非理想第类超导体并能把它加工成可复绕的线材和带材之后,超导体在实际生活中才获得了广泛的应用.现阶段国内外生产的超导材料,大都用于制造各种不同用途的实用超导磁体. 下面我们就超导磁体的一些问题谈点意见. 一、超导磁体的设计要求 如图…     

锡烯超导中的第二类伊辛配对机制

正超导体在外加一定的磁场时会通过产生超流来保证磁力线不进入到体内,这个现象就是著名的迈斯纳效应。对于第二类超导体,当磁场超过一临界值——下临界磁场(B_(c1))——时,超导体体内会出现许多不再超导的"核",磁力线以量子磁通的形式穿过它们。超流环绕这些"核"而形成涡旋,这保证体内其他区域仍处于超导态。随磁场的增加,涡旋密度会逐渐增加。当磁场增大到上临界磁场(B_(c2))时,超导区域趋于零,整个材料将转变到正常态。可见,超导体的临界磁场是超导的基本性质之一,也是决定超导体应用的一项     

混合型超导限流器与距离保护的配合研究

随着电网规模的增大和拓扑结构的日益复杂,短路故障电流持续攀升,超导限流器是最理想的短路故障电流限制装置,电力系统正常运行时,超导限流器的阻抗为零,对电力系统运行无影响,当电力系统发生短路,故障电流超过超导体临界电流,超导体失超呈现大阻抗限制短路故障电流.超导故障限流器无论是哪种限流原理,在限流的故障过程中总会有阻抗元件串入到系统中,从而使得电网参数发生变化,对继电保护产生影响.本文通过研究混合型超导限流器对距离保护的影响,借助于微机保护的快速实时特性,对线路距离保护的整定算法作相应的修改,解决混合型超导限流器与电网距离保护的配合问题.     

Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材在脉冲电流下电磁特性分析

对高温超导带材在脉冲电流下的电磁特性进行了实验与仿真研究。实验部分对不同频率过电流下的伏安特性进行了测量,仿真部分运用有限元方法分析了电流和磁场分布特点。结果表明:在超导丝中,电流会因为频率的升高而呈现集肤效应,频率越高电流越向带材边缘集中,但与常规导体所不同的是,由于超导体各向异性的特点,边缘的非平行自场使该区域临界电流下降,导致电流密度最大的地方不是在带材的边缘,而是趋向于分布在磁场较弱的带材中部。     

Magnetization and transport characteristics of layered high-temperature superconductors with different anisotropy parameters

The magnetization of a layered high-temperature superconductor with different anisotropy parameters has been calculated using the Monte Carlo method in the framework of a modified three-dimensional Lawrence–Doniach model with actual boundary conditions. The penetration of a magnetic flux into a bulk sample from the boundary has been simulated, and the curves of magnetization reversal of a high-temperature superconductor by an external magnetic field have been calculated for different anisotropy parameters γ and types of defects in the sample. It has been found that there are significant differences in the magnetization curves and transport properties of superconductors with different anisotropy parameters γ. The influence of tilted columnar defects on the critical current has been analyzed. A decreasing dependence of the critical current on the tilt angle of defects with respect to the c axis has been obtained. It has been shown that, as the anisotropy parameter increases, this dependence weakens and, for a specific value of γ, disappears. An explanation of the mechanism responsible for the disappearance of the dependence has been proposed.     

Unconventional anisotropic s-wave superconducting gaps of the LiFeAs iron-pnictide superconductor

We have performed high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on Fe-based superconductor LiFeAs (T(c)=18 K). We reveal multiple nodeless superconducting (SC) gaps with 2Δ/k(B)T(c) ratios varying from 2.8 to 6.4, depending on the Fermi surface (FS). We also succeeded in directly observing a gap anisotropy along the FS with magnitude up to ~30%. The anisotropy is fourfold symmetric with an antiphase between the hole and electron FSs, suggesting complex anisotropic interactions for the SC pairing. The observed momentum dependence of the SC gap offers an excellent opportunity to investigate the underlying pairing mechanism.     

Critical behaviours and magnetic properties of three-dimensional bond and anisotropy dilution Blume——Capel model in the presence of an applied field

This paper studies the critical behaviours and magnetic properties of three-dimensional bond and anisotropy dilution Blume--Capel model (BCM) in the presence of an applied field within the effective field theory. The trajectory of tricritical point, reentrant transitions and degenerate patterns of anisotropy are obtained both for the bond and the anisotropy dilutions. The global phase diagrams demonstrate unusually reentrant phenomena. The temperature dependences of magnetization curves undergo remarkable spin glass behaviour at low temperatures, and transform from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism at high temperature in applied fields. Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility curve is in qualitative agreement with experimental result.     

纯三元及含Zr,Ga元素磁粉的各向异性

未经均匀化热处理的纯三元及含Zr,Ga元素的SC合金铸片经优化的HDDR工艺处理都可以制备各向异性Nd Fe B磁粉.这表明:元素的添加及SC铸片是否进行了均匀化热处理都不是HDDR磁粉各向异性形成的必要条件.磁粉各向异性形成的关键因素在于HDDR工艺的调节,即适当地加快歧化反应过程,减缓脱氢再结合过程以及控制脱氢再结合时的合适氢气压强均有利于磁粉各向异性的形成.本文将为制备低成本高各向异性磁粉提供重要的指导.     

纯三元及含Zr, Ga元素磁粉的各向异性

未经均匀化热处理的纯三元及含Zr, Ga元素的SC合金铸片经优化的HDDR工艺处理都可以制备各向异性NdFeB磁粉。这表明：元素的添加及SC铸片是否进行了均匀化热处理都不是HDDR磁粉各向异性形成的必要条件。磁粉各向异性形成的关键因素在于HDDR工艺的调节,即适当地加快歧化反应过程,减缓脱氢再结合过程以及控制脱氢再结合时的合适氢气压强均有利于磁粉各向异性的形成。本文将为制备低成本高各向异性磁粉提供重要的指导。     

Altering magnetic response of superconductors by rotation

It is generally believed that, at a certain temperature below the critical one, magnetic response of a superconductor (SC) is determined solely by its intrinsic properties. Here we show that the mechanical rotation of a SC can easily change the values of the critical fields at which the superconductivity is destroyed (type-1 SC) or the vortices penetrate into (exit from) the material (type-2 SC). This is due to a superposition of the Meissner current induced by the external field, and the spontaneous current on the surface of the SC induced by the mechanical rotation. As a result, the critical fields of a SC can be increased or decreased, depending on the geometrical form of the material and the relative orientation of rotation and the external field.     

Features of the effect of the Josephson medium parameters on vortex formation and critical current

The response of an intergranular Josephson junction to displacements of an Abrikosov vortex in a superconducting polycrystal is studied theoretically. The vortex filament in the vicinity of the junction excites a tunnel current in the junction and also generates a Josephson vortex with which it merges upon emergence at the surface of the junction. It is shown that the process of the Josephson vortex formation passes through a stage of overcoming a potential barrier, whose height depends on the distance between the Abrikosov vortex and the junction, as well as on the effective thickness of the junction, which is determined by the characteristic grain size, grain anisotropy, and the intensity of the intergranular coupling. The magnetic field dependence of the critical current of the intergranular Josephson junction is determined for various grain and intergranular parameters, as well as for the triangular and square configurations of the Abrikosov vortex lattice. The results indicate that a high degree of texturing in the grain size, anisotropy, and intensity of intergranular coupling is very important for obtaining high critical currents in pure polycrystalline materials.     

Josephson effect in supercondutor/ferromagnetic semiconductor/superconductor junctions

Using a general expression for dc Josephson current, we study the Josephson effect in ballistic superconductor (SC)/ferromagnetic semiconductor (FS)/SC junctions, in which the mismatches of the effective mass and Fermi velocity between the FS and SC, spin polarization P in the FS, as well as strengths of potential scattering Z at the interfaces are included. It is shown that in the coherent regime, the oscillatory dependences of the maximum Josephson current on the FS layer thickness L and Josephson current on the macroscopic phase difference φ for the heavy and light holes, resulting from the spin splitting energy gained or lost by a quasiparticle Andreev-reflected at the FS/SC interface, are much different due to the different mismatches in the effective mass and Fermi velocity between the FS and the SC, which is related to the crossovers between positive (0) and negative (π) couplings or equivalently 0 and π junctions. Also, we find that, for the same reason, Z and P are required not to surpass different critical values for the Josephson currents of the heavy and light holes. Furthermore, it is found that, for the dependence of the Josephson current on φ, regardless of how L,Z, and P change, the Josephson junctions do not transit between 0 and π junctions for the light hole.     

Anisotropy of a vortex instability observed at high current densities in YBa2Cu3O7δ superconducting films

Experimental data are provided for YBaCuO films that an instability of the vortex system, which manifests itself by a voltage jump at a critical current I*, exhibits strong anisotropy if the magnetic field is tilted from parallel to perpendicular to the c-axis. The angular dependence of I* can be well described by a model emphasizing the component of the magnetic field parallel to the c-axis. If the current range is restricted to values close to I*, the current-voltage characteristics below the instability show a satisfactory agreement with the prediction of the theory of ‘Self-Organized Criticality’ (SOC). In terms of this theory it is possible to relate the critical vortex velocity v* to the temperature and field dependent characteristic size of the underlying vortex avalanches. If, however, standard Larkin-Ovchinnikov theory is applied to describe the instability, this critical velocity is related to the scattering rate of quasiparticles. Analyzed in this way and assuming an isotropic diffusion constant of the quasiparticles, an anisotropic scattering rate and its temperature dependence can be extracted.     

Anisotropy of the critical data of superconducting V3Si-single crystals

The critical magnetic field and the critical currents in transverse magnetic fields are measured for V₃Si-single crystals with the current flowing along the [100]- and the [110]-directions of the crystal. A strong anisotropy is found for the critical current. An explanation of this behaviour may be connected with the anisotropy of the energy gap.