双侧进气突扩燃烧室中三维湍流有施回流两相流动的数值模拟

双侧进气突扩燃烧室中三维湍流有施回流两相流动的数值模拟周力行，林文漪，廖昌明（清华大学工程力学系北京１０００８４）关键词：湍流两相流，数值模拟为提高整体式冲压发动机双侧进气突扩燃烧室火焰稳定能力，我们提出了进气管内装设有切向导角的中心管。流场显示及Ｌ...     

不同工况下旋流液雾燃烧的直接数值模拟

采用有限差分方法对不同工况下三维旋流液雾燃烧进行了直接数值模拟,其中液滴的跟踪在拉格朗日框架中进行,液滴的蒸发相变采用无限热传导蒸发模型描述,气相燃烧采用自适应单步反应机理,模拟中采用的模型燃烧器尽可能逼近真实的燃气轮机旋流燃烧器.结果发现,旋流液雾燃烧流动和火焰结构受到旋流方式和当量比的影响,流场中出现了反平行排列的...     

加力燃烧室热态流场的大涡模拟

本文采用k方程亚网格尺度模型对带V形槽稳定器模型加力燃烧室紊流化学反应流进行大涡模拟的研究,采用亚网格EBU燃烧模型估算化学反应速率,用热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量。数值计算表明,在稳定器后面开始在短时间内出现涡的交替脱落和逐渐消失过程,然后形成稳定的回流区,数值计算结果与实验比较吻合,表明可用大涡模拟研究实际燃烧室瞬态燃烧流场。     

基于FGM的旋流预混燃烧室超大涡模拟

针对航空发动机燃烧室等复杂工程中的预混燃烧问题发展高精度、高效的数值预测方法,本研究发展了火焰面生成流型(FGM)详细化学反应建表方法结合超大涡模拟方法(VLES),对工程中的GE LM6000预混旋流燃烧室燃烧开展了高精度数值研究,并与实验结果进行了比较。计算结果表明,VLES-FGM方法可以较准确地预测出旋流预混燃烧室内的流场及温度场分布。为了进一步模拟航空发动机真实的燃烧工况,对原始单头部燃烧室使用周期性边界条件来类比全环燃烧室。计算结果表明,VLES-FGM方法计算得到的周期性燃烧室流场回流区相比较固壁边界燃烧室较小,并且固壁边界燃烧室温度场具有明显的颈部结构,燃烧室下游的高温区分布更为均匀。本文计算结果表明基于FGM燃烧模型的自适应湍流模拟方法VLES对于模拟复杂航空发动机相关的旋流预混燃烧具有很大的应用潜力。     

气液两相旋流燃烧的时均统计特性

通过直接数值模拟的方法研究了旋流燃烧器中三维正庚烷喷雾燃烧,为实际喷雾蒸发和燃烧问题提供参考。气相燃烧模型采用自适应单步反应机理,液相采用拉格朗日方法跟踪,液滴蒸发采用无限传导蒸发模型。本文研究了气相和液相时均特性.结果发现燃烧和中心回流区(CRZ)之间有相互促进作用;同向旋流导致更强的中心回流区(CRZ),但是会有更小的外部回流区(ORZ);富预混燃烧会有更高的化学反应速率,并且蒸发冷却的影响更为明显;湍流入流会导致更高的液滴散布和更小的液滴直径。     

进口条件对超燃冲压发动机氢气燃烧流场特性的影响分析

对不同进口条件下的超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内氢气喷流超声速燃烧流动特性进行了数值模拟与分析.宽范围超燃冲压发动机是吸气式高超声速飞行器推进系统设计中的热点问题之一,受实验设备硬件条件及实验技术限制,数值模拟技术仍然是超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内燃气燃烧特性及流场特性的主要研究手段.采用基于混合网格技术的多组元N-S方程有限体积方法求解器,在不同进口Mach数及压强条件下,对带楔板/凹腔结构的燃烧室模型氢气喷流燃烧流场进行了数值模拟,对比分析了氢气喷流穿透深度、喷口前后回流区结构、掺混效率及燃烧效率等流场结构与典型流场参数的变化特性及影响规律.研究成果可为宽范围超燃冲压发动机喷流燃烧流动特性分析提供参考.      

四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉膛内空气动力场的数值研究

1前言四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉是目前应用较为广泛的一种炉型，在实际运行中有一些较为突出的优点。为深入研究煤粉在炉内的燃烧特性，炉内空气动力场的研究至关重要，本文数值模拟了四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉内冷、热态情况下的流场，对其时均、湍流特性进行了分析，对气流的分布特性进行了研究．2研究对象本文的研究对象是锦州电厂二期工程的HG－670／14ty9型煤粉锅炉，燃烧器为多层四角切向布置，每角有4个一次风喷口，6个二次风喷口，1个三次风喷口。锅炉各部分尺寸及燃烧器的布置见图1、图2。热态流场的模拟对象是实际锅炉。模拟工况基本按…     

喷雾夹角对柴油机性能影响的数值模拟

为研究喷雾夹角对柴油机性能的影响,应用STAR-CD程序对不同喷雾夹角的燃烧过程进行三维数值模拟.计算结果表明喷雾夹角决定了油束在燃烧室的空间分布和燃油与壁面的碰撞参数,进而影响到燃油的雾化与燃烧.当碰撞距离增加,燃油雾化时间增加.当撞壁入射角度减小,燃油壁面涂布能力增强,促进燃油蒸发雾化.当油束将燃烧室有效容积等分时,油气混合均匀,具有良好的燃烧效果.     

多点喷射燃烧室冷态流场特性研究

首先用可实现κ-ε湍流模型(RKE)和雷诺应力湍流模型(RSM)对双径向旋流杯下游流场进行数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验值对比.结果显示,在大部分区域计算值与实验值比较一致,RKE模型和RSM模型的最大误差分别为5%和3%,RKE模型可以用于旋流杯燃烧室计算.此后,用RKE模型对单头部燃烧室和多点喷射燃烧室的流场进行数值模拟.对于同样的燃烧室衬套结构,多点喷射燃烧室旋流器出口附近每个旋流器都有各自的回流区,并在下游逐渐融合,在主燃孔附近多点喷射燃烧室和单头部燃烧室的回流区结构类似.对于同样的多点喷射燃烧室头部,没有主燃孔时,回流区在原主燃孔位置前结束,有主燃孔时,单个的回流区在主燃孔附近又形成新的回流区.     

基于LES-PDF方法的双旋流模型燃烧室数值模拟

文章使用基于LES-PDF方法的AECSC两相程序,对模型燃烧室GTMC进行了数值模拟,以此验证AECSC程序对燃烧室模拟的可行性和可信度,并对旋流燃烧室的流动和燃烧特性进行分析.首先,分别用商用软件Fluent 18.1和AECSC程序的LES方法对GTMC的冷态工况进行了模拟.与实验结果相比,程序计算的轴向、径向、切向速度峰值的相对误差在大多数统计点上在20%以内,3个方向速度峰值位置的相对误差基本都在10%以内.同时发现,AECSC程序的计算结果在一定程度上比Fluent的计算结果更接近实验值.文章进一步使用AECSC程序对GTMC的热态工况进行了模拟.在计算结果中,整体的时间平均温度在数值和分布上和实验结果很接近,并很好地再现了实验的"V形"火焰和内外低温回流区,但是高温区出现的位置相比实验结果有些靠前.总体来说,热态结果和实验结果比较吻合,尤其在液雾的模拟方面,计算结果和实验结果相比有着很好的一致性.这说明将LES和PDF相结合的方法在模拟湍流燃烧方面有较强的优势,可以成为未来的研究和发展方向.      

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.