第一性原理对 阴离子团族结构及稳定性的研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, V的内层10个电子用相对论有效实势(RECP)近似, 氧原子用全电子基组6-311＋＋g(d,p), V的价电子用lanl2dz基组, 对气态 分子的几何构型, 振动频率, 垂直电子亲和势、垂直电离能和能级分布进行了理论研究. 该系列分子的基态电子态为: VO1-(3Σ), ( ), ( ), (1A1), (3A). 分子基态的几何构型为平面分子, 没有John-Teller效应或Jenner-Teller效应. 而VO41-、VO51- 分子的基态都是立体结构, 存在明显的John-Teller和Renner-Teller效应, 对称性降低, 稳定性增加. 对基态结构的垂直电离能, 电子性质和能级分布研究表明: 比 稳定, 氧原子数从3增加到5, 稳定性没有明显变化.     

第一性原理对VO1-x(x=1～5)阴离子团族结构及稳定性的研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,V的内层10个电子用相对论有效实势(RECP)近似,氧原子用全电子基组6-311++g(d,P),V的价电子用lan12dz基组,对气态VO1-x(x=1～5)分子的几何构型、振动频率、垂直电子亲和能、垂直电离能和能级分布进行了理论研究.该系列分子的基态电子态为:VO1-(3∑),VO1-2(3B1),VO1-3(1A1),VO1-4(1A1),VO1-5(3A).VO1-3分子基态的几何构型为平面分子,没有John-Tdler效应或Renner-Tdler效应.而VO1-4、VO1-5分子的基态都是立体结构,存在明显的John-Teller和Rennet-Teller效应,对称性降低,稳定性增加.该系列分子离子基态结构的垂直电离能分别为:1.052eV,2.085 eV,4.690 eV,4.460 eV,5.046 eV,该结果表明该系列分子离子的氧原子数从3增加到5时,垂直电离能没有明显改变.垂直电子亲和能也大致有这个规律,但由于该系列分子离子是负离子,对电子有排斥,它们得到一个电子都需要外加能量,其垂直电子亲和能都为负值.VO1-5(3A)的垂直电子亲和能最大,吸收一个电子需要的能量最小.能级分布研究表明:VO1-2比VO1-稳定,氧原子数从3增加到5,稳定性没有明显变化.     

甲醇分子(CH3OH)光谱性质的理论计算

研究了气相甲醇分子(CH3OH)基态和激发态性质。在对不同方法基组所得计算结果和实验结果进行比较之后,选用MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p)理论方法进行计算,得到甲醇分子(CH3OH)基态和三重激发态的几何结构、能量以及频率信息;频率计算显示基态和三重态都为稳定构型。从三重态的结构出发,解释了三重态势能面为排斥型势能面的合理性。计算了甲醇分子单重激发态的垂直激发能,比较不同方法不同基组计算的甲醇分子单重激发态的垂直激发能,发现用TDDFT 中的b3p86方法使用6-311++G**基组的计算值和实验值符合得最好。计算得到的甲醇分子在MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p)的绝热电离能和垂直电离能分别为11.18eV和11.32eV;计算得到的绝热电子亲和势与垂直电子亲和势分别为0.888eV和0.893eV。计算结果对实验研究有指导意义。     

甲醇分子(CH3OH)光谱性质的理论计算

研究了气相甲醇分子(CH3OH)基态和激发态性质。在对不同方法基组所得计算结果和实验结果进行比较之后,选用MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p)理论方法进行计算,得到甲醇分子(CH3OH)基态和三重激发态的几何结构、能量以及频率信息;频率计算显示基态和三重态都为稳定构型。从三重态的结构出发,解释了三重态势能面为排斥型势能面的合理性。计算了甲醇分子单重激发态的垂直激发能,比较不同方法不同基组计算的甲醇分子单重激发态的垂直激发能,发现用TDDFT 中的b3p86方法使用6-311++G**基组的计算值和实验值符合得最好。计算得到的甲醇分子在MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p)的绝热电离能和垂直电离能分别为11.18eV和11.32eV;计算得到的绝热电子亲和势与垂直电子亲和势分别为0.888eV和0.893eV。计算结果对实验研究有指导意义。     

Al2Hx(x=1～3)分子团簇结构与光谱研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法在6-311 g(d,p)水平上对Al2Hx(x=1~3)分子团簇的几何构型、电子结构、振动频率、垂直电离能和垂直电子亲和能等性质进行了理论研究.通过对基态结构的几何参数分析发现,它们的基态结构趋于对称性较高的构型.它们的基态结构为:Al2H(2A1)C2V,Al2H2(1Ag)D2h和Al2H3(2A′1)D3h.对基态结构的垂直电离能讨论表明,氢原子数从1增加到3,其气态分子越来越稳定.     

Von±(n=0,1,2)的势能函数与光谱常数研究

用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)方法和相对论有效实势(Lanl2dz基组)对Von±(n=0,1,2)分子离子的势能函数及光谱常数进行了分析.结果表明它们都能稳定存在,其基态电子状态分别是:4Σ(VO2-),3Σ(VO-),4Σ(VO),3Σ(VO+)和2Σ(VO2+).其中VO2-和VO2+的势能函数曲线呈"火山口"型, 属于亚稳态分子离子.用七参数Murell-Sorbie势拟合VO2-和VO2+分子亚稳态双原子分子离子势能函数,发现其拟合曲线与势能函数曲线符合得很好.同时,讨论了电荷对势能函数和能级的影响.     

钚氧化物的分子结构和分子光谱研究

用杂化密度泛函(B3LYP)方法,Pu原子采用相对论有效原子实势(RECP),O原子采用全电子6-311g(d)基组优化了PuO,PuO2,Pu2O3的分子结构,得到了相应的平衡几何构型,并计算了红外振动频率(IR)、Raman光谱.结果表明:PuO,PuO2分子基态几何构型和振动频率与实验值相符.对Pu2O3分子可能的构型和多重性进行结构优化,发现Pu2O3分子基态为11B2的C2v构型,给出了Pu2O3分子基态结构的红外和拉曼光谱数据、力常数等系列数据,并对振动频率的峰值进行了指认.通过自然键轨道(NBO)分析,发现由钚到氧的电荷转移.相对于PuO和PuO2分子,在Pu2O3中形成较弱的Pu—O键.分析自旋布居,发现在这些分子中,自旋磁动量大都由Pu原子的5f电子贡献,而氧原子的2p轨道往往贡献反平行的自旋.     

AlxOy(x=1—2,y=1—3)分子几何结构与稳定性的DFT研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B31yp方法在6-311++g^水平上对Al_xO_y(x=1—2,y=2—3)分子的几何构型、电子结构、振动频率等性质进行了理论研究. 通过对基态结构的几何参数分析发现，它们的基态结构趋于直线或平面结构. 对基态结构的绝热电离能讨论表明，金属铝原子数一定时，氧原子数从1增加到3，其气态分子越来越稳定，铝原子数少的分子体系更稳定. 系统给出了该系列分子基态的几何参数、电子结构、光谱性质. Al₂O₃的C_2V三重态是该分子的能量最低结构. 关键词： xO_y分子')" href="#">Al_xO_y分子 密度泛函理论 结构与稳定性     

钒氢分子及离子的势能函数与垂直电离势

为了搞清储氢材料的机理,需了解VHn(n=0、 1、 2)分子及离子体系势能函数和稳定性的信息,本工作用原子分子反应静力学原理推导出了VHn(n=0、 1、 2)的基态电子状态及其离解极限.对H原子采用6-311 G**基组,对V原子采用SVP全电子基组,用B3PW91方法计算了它们的平衡几何、离解能,在此基础上分别计算了VH,VH 1的Murrell-Sorbie解析势能函数和基态VH 2的解析势能函数及其对应的力常数、光谱参数和垂直电离势.计算表明VH 离子的2Σ 和4Δ以及VH2 离子的1Σ 均具有对应于离子稳定平衡结构的极小点,说明它们可稳定存在.而VH (6Σ )、基态的VH2 (3Φ)和VH2 (5Σ )离子的离解能太小,应是不稳定的.     

AlOH(Cs,X1 A'')分子的结构与势能函数

使用MP4方法,在6-311G(3df,3pd)基组水平上对AlOH(Cs,X1A')基态分子进行了几何优化,得到了它的平衡几何构型和力常数.根据原子分子反应静力学原理得到AlOH分子的电子状态和可能的离解极限.应用多体展式理论方法推导出了AlOH基态分子的解析势能函数.     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...