表面极化子光学声子平均数的磁场和温度依赖性

采用变分法、幺正变换和拉格朗日乘子法,研究了有限温度下纯二维晶体中表面磁极化子的性质.讨论了表面光学声子平均数、磁极化子振动频率λ与磁场B、温度T及Lsgrange乘子u之间的关系.对KCl晶体进行了数值计算,结果表明:磁极化子振动频率、表面光学声子平均数均随磁场B的增强而增加,且随温度T升高而增加.当bgrange乘子u超出慢电子范围时磁极化子振动频率、表面光学声子平均数均随u增加而增大且变化越来越显著.     

晶体中磁极化子的声子平均数

研究晶体磁极化子光学声子平均数的性质，采用Tokuda改进的线性组合算符、Lagrange乘子和变分法讨论了晶体中强、弱耦合磁极化子的振动频率、基态能量和光学声子平均数与磁场B和拉格朗日乘子u的关系。以RbCl和GaAs晶体为例进行了数值计算，结果表明：磁极化子的振动频率随磁场B和拉格朗日乘子u的增加而增大；基态能量随拉格朗日乘子u的增加而增大，随磁场B的增加而减小；光学声子平均数随拉格朗日乘子u的增加而增大。     

InAs晶体二维自旋磁极化子自陷能的磁温效应

 在同时考虑磁场和高温高压的情况下,应用么正变换和线性组合算符法,研究了电子自旋对弱耦合二维磁极化子自陷能的影响。对InAs半导体所作的数值计算结果表明,不同方向的电子自旋使弱耦合二维磁极化子的自陷能分裂为二。分裂的程度随磁场的加强而加剧。随着磁场或温度的增加,磁极化子的自陷能减小而电子自旋能量与磁极化子自陷能之比增大。当磁场足够强或温度足够高时,电子自旋能量与磁极化子自陷能之比是很大的。     

温度对抛物量子点中弱耦合束缚磁极化子的影响

采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究温度对量子点中弱耦合束缚磁极化子性质的影响,导出了弱耦合束缚磁极化子的振动频率、基态能量和声子平均数随温度的变化关系。取CdTe晶体为例进行数值计算,结果表明:弱耦合束缚磁极化子的振动频率、基态能量和声子平均数随温度的升高而增大,基态能量随量子点的受限强度的增强而迅速增大。     

磁场和温度对束缚磁极化子有效质量的影响

研究强、弱耦合情形下,库仑场中束缚磁极化子的性质.采用改进的线性组合算符方法研究束缚磁极化子的振动频率和有效质量的温度依赖性,对RbCl晶体进行数值计算,结果表明:在强耦合情形下,束缚磁极化子的振动频率随温度的升高和磁场的增强而增加;有效质量随温度的增加而增加,但随磁场的增强而减少.     

极性晶体中表面磁极化子的温度依赖性

本文讨论电子和体纵光学声子耦合弱,与表面光学声子耦合强时对表面磁极化子的温度特性的影响,用线性组合算符法研究表面磁极化子的振动频率和诱生势的温度依赖性.对AgCl晶体进行了数值计算.结果表明,极化子的振动频率和诱生势随温度的升高而减小.     

用不同的近似方法计算极性晶体中强耦合磁极化子有效质量与温度的关系

采用改进的线性组合算符法研究极性晶体中强耦合磁极化子的有效质量与温度的关系。详细讨论了在不同的近似计算程度情况下有效质量的温度特性。结果表明:不同的近似计算程度可给出磁极化子有效质量随温度的升高而增加和减小两种截然相反的结论。     

用不同的近似方法计算极性晶体中强耦合磁极化子有效质量与温度的关系

采用改进的线性组合算符法研究极性晶体中强耦合磁极化子的有效质量与温度的关系.详细讨论了在不同的近似计算程度情况下有效质量的温度特性.结果表明:不同的近似计算程度可给出磁极化子有效质量随温度的升高而增加和减小两种截然相反的结论.     

声子色散对极性晶体中磁极化子基态能量的影响

利用线性组合算符和幺正变换相结合的方法,研究了声子色散对极性晶体中磁极化子基态能量的影响.计及纵光学(LO)声子色散,在抛物近似下导出了极性晶体中磁极化子基态能量随电子-纵光学声子耦合常数、回旋共振频率和声子色散系数的变化关系.数值计算结果表明磁极化子基态能量随声子色散系数和电子-纵光学声子耦合常数的增大而减小,随回旋共振频率增大而增大.     

声子色散对极性晶体中磁极化子基态能量的影响

利用线性组合算符和幺正变换相结合的方法，研究了声子色散对极性晶体中磁极化子基态能量的影响。计及纵光学（LO）声子色散，在抛物近似下导出了极性晶体中磁极化子基态能量随电子-纵光学声子耦合常数、回旋共振频率和声子色散系数的变化关系。数值计算结果表明磁极化子基态能量随声子色散系数和电子-纵光学声子耦合常数的增大而减小，随回旋共振频率增大而增大。     

Electronic properties of Pb(ZrTi)O3 solid solutions

The theoretical backgrounds and some experimental data on the electronic properties of polycrystalline Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ solid solutions are summarized. These substances occur in the perovskite structure, and so their electronic band structure is presumed to be analogous to other perovskite compounds. Their forbidden gap energy has been determined to be about 3.30–3.56 eV on the basis of optical, photoacoustical, and photoelectrical measurements. Many local levels and traps exist in the forbidden gap because of the polycrystalline character and heterovalent doping. Their actual configurations and states strongly influence the optical, photoelectrical, piezoelectrical, and other physical properties of Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ solid solutions.     

Isentropic compressibility behaviour of dilute solutions of ethyl-alcohol in water

Summary The adiabatic compressibility of ethanol-water mixtures was measured as a function of temperature and cosolvent concentration; the measurements were carried out at 5°C intervals over the range (10⋎40) °C, paying particular attention to the water-rich region (mole fraction of cosolventx ₂<0.25). The observed concentration dependencies of the adiabatic compressibility in the low-concentration range were well explained if we consider the existence in the mixture of local structures with a composition that is close to ethanol-17 H₂O like that of solid clathrate hydrate of type II. A simple model, involving the solutesolvent interactions and the molecular aggregation of the solute, is used to explain the observed behaviour. To speed up publication, the author of this paper has agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Rheological behaviour of worm-like micelles: Effect of electrostatic interactions

Summary Both linear and non-linear viscoelasticity experiments have been performed in semi-dilute micellar aqueous solutions of ethanediyl-α,ω-bis (dodecylmethylammonium bromide) as a function of solution chloride (NaCl) concentration. The results suggest that both linear and non-linear properties are affected by the electrostatic interactions. In particular, the plateau modulusG′_∞ and the ratioσ _m/G′_∞, whereσ _m represents the plateau value in a stress-shear rate experiment, are enhanced as the electrostatic interactions are screened by addition of salt. The zero-shear viscosity is lowered upon addition of NaCl, due likely to an exchange of the Cl⁻ ions with the Br⁻ counterions. Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994.     

Relaxation of Magnetic Nanoparticle Chain without Applied Field

The relaxation of a one-dimensional magnetic nanoparticle linear chain with lattice constant $a$ is investigated in absence of applied field. There is an equilibrium state (or steady state) where all magnetic moments of particles lie along the chain (x-axis), back to which the magnetic nanoparticle chain at other state will relax. It is found that the relaxation time T_x is determined by T_x=10^β× a³. This relaxationis compared with that of single magnetic nanoparticle system.     

Determination of optical properties of SnO2 films

Summary The optical properties of conductive transparent thin films of undoped SnO₂, prepared by using magnetron supttering, were studied by measuring the transmittance and the reflectance between λ=0.25 μm and λ=3μm. The extracted optical constants are interpreted to give values of a direct band gap of the order of 4 eV and of an indirect band gap of the order of 3 eV. Typical SnO₂ films transmit ≈85% of visible light, have sheet resistanceR _∂ (100÷800) Ω_∂ and resistivities of (2.4·10⁻³÷1.8·10⁻²) Ω cm.

---

Riassunto Mediante la misura dei valori di transmittanza e di riflettanza per lunghezze d'onda comprese fra 0.25 μm e 3 μm, sono state studiate le proprietà ottiche di film sottili (trasparenti e conduttivi) di SnO₂ non drogato, preparati mediante sputtering. Dai valori così ottenuti sono stati ricavati valori del gap diretto dell'ordine di 4 eV e di quello indiretto dell'ordine di 3 eV. Un film di SnO₂ presenta tipicamente valori della transmittanza intorno all'85%, per luce visibile,R _∂ intorno ai (100÷800) Ω_∂ e resistività fra 2.4·10⁻³ e 1.8·10⁻² Ω cm.

---

Резюме Пзмеряя величины пропускания и отражения в области длин волн между λ=0.25 мкм и λ=3 мкм, исследуются оптические свойства проводящих прозрачных тонких пленок нелегированного SnO₂, приготовленных с помощью напыления. Из полученных оптических постоянных извлекаются значения прямой щели, порядка 4 эВ, и непрямой щели, порядка 3 эВ. Типичные пленки SnO₂ пропускают ∼85% видимого света, имеют сопротивлениеR _∂ (100÷800) Ω_∂ и удельные сопротивления в области (2.4·10⁻³÷1.8·10⁻²) Ом·см.

     

Photoacoustic investigation of the absorption edge of Cd1−x Fe x Te compounds

Summary We have measured at room temperature the photoacoustic spectra of Cd_1−x Fe _x Te(0<x<0.055) around the CdTe fundamental absorption threshold. We identified an absorption band at (1.38±0.01) eV, increasing with the Fe concentration, that we assigned to the⁵ E→³ T ₁ transition within the Fe²⁺ (3d ⁶) manifold. We observed also a broadening and a shift to higher energies of the CdTe absorption edge for increasingx. Work partially supported by the Italian Consorzio INFM and CNR through the GNSM.     

Nonlocal potential and optical properties of solids

Summary The theory of the RPA optical response of a solid has been generalized in order to take into account also the possible presence of spatially nonlocal potentials in the Hamiltonian. Explicit expressions for first- and second-order susceptibilities are given in the new framework. The expressions obtained depend on the matrix elements of operators of the form of a commutator of a component of the position operatorr and an operator that commutes with the lattice translations. The problem of the evaluation of these matrix elements is solved in a simple manner by introducing an auxiliary, periodic position operator,XXXr. In such a way a general formulation is obtained that preserves the gauge invariance. As an application of the new theory, the second harmonic generation (SHG) from a semiconductor in a simple two-band model has been studied. The differences between our correct gauge-invariant results and those obtained in the usual local approximation is an indication of a slow convergence of the expressions obtained in the local approximation.     

Photoacoustic study of a two-layer system: Implanted silicon

Summary We have studied the behaviour of photoacoustic response of implanted silicon samples in order to measure the thermal conductivity of damaged layers; the results allow us to determine such a parameter simply by the phase difference measurement between implanted and unimplanted regions of the sample.

---

Riassunto è stata studiata la risposta fotoacustica di campioni di silicio impiantato allo scopo di misurare la conducibilità termica degli strati danneggiati; i risultati permettono di determinare questa grandezza misurando semplicemente la differenza di fase tra la zona impiantata e quella cristallina del campione.

---

Резюме Исследуется поведение фотоакустического отклика на образцах имплантированного кремиия, чтобы измерить теплопроводность поврежденных слоев. Полученные результаты позволяют получить величину теплопроводности с помощью измерения разности фаз между имплантированной и неимплантированной областлми образца.

     

一种新型红色荧光粉CaAl12O19： Eu,Mn的制备及发光性能

固相法制备了碱土金属铝酸盐荧光粉CaAl₁₂O₁₉ : Eu,Mn,测试了样品的XRD及激发与发射光谱,对样品的结构及其发光性能进行了分析,并且考察了灼烧温度及Eu³⁺的浓度对样品发光性能的影响,对Eu³⁺的作用机理进行了探讨。 该荧光粉能被波长短于550 nm的蓝绿光以及紫外和近紫外光激发,其发射光谱峰值在590,615,645,657 nm,其中前两个为Eu³⁺的特征发射,后两个为Mn⁴⁺的²E-⁴ A₂跃迁发射。该荧光粉的最佳烧结温度与时间分别为1 550 ℃和4 h,Eu³⁺的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为0.11%左右。     

高压下TiC的弹性、电子结构及热力学性质的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法 并结合准谐徳拜模型研究了NaCl结构的TiC在高压下的弹性性质、电子结构和热力学性质. 计算所得零温零压下的晶格常数、体弹模量及弹性常数与实验值符合得很好. 零温下弹性常数和弹性模量随压强增大而增大. 通过态密度和电荷密度的分析, Ti-C键随压强增大而增强. 运用准谐德拜模型, 成功计算了TiC在高温高压下的体弹模量、熵、热膨胀系数、徳拜温度、 Grüneisen参数和比热容. 结果表明压强对体弹模量、热膨胀系数和徳拜温度的影响大于温度对其的影响. 热容随着压强升高而减小, 在高温高压下, 热容接近Dulong-Petit极限.