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诺贝尔物理学奖百年回顾 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
20世纪,物理学成就辉煌.诺贝尔物理学奖,从一个侧面纪录了当代最优秀物理学家奋斗的足迹.值此世纪交替之际,我们编写这篇文章,对诺贝尔物理学奖作百年回顾,以飨读者.1901年伦琴(WilhelmConradRontgen1845~1923)因发现伦琴射线(即通常所说的X射线)以及对伦琴射线性质的研究,获得了第一届(1901年度)诺贝尔物理学奖.1895年11月8日,当伦琴用克鲁克斯管做实验时,发现工作台上的氰亚铂酸钠纸屏能发出荧光.他分别用纸和书本遮住纸屏,纸屏仍然发光.使伦琴更为惊讶的是,当他把手放在纸屏前时,纸屏上留下了手骨的阴影. 相似文献
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讨论了诺贝尔物理学奖与天体物理的关系,指出2006年度诺贝尔物理学奖已经是第8个年度、第11个天体物理项目、第14、15个天体物理学家获得诺贝尔物理学奖(见正文表1).这个奖授予宇宙微波背景辐射的黑体谱形和各向异性的发现,强有力地支持了大爆炸宇宙学.文章也讨论了这个领域近年来的重大成就. 相似文献
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题图:1999年9月于SLAC,从左至右蔡永赐,潘诺夫斯基,郑志鹏.与世界上设立的名目繁多的奖励相比,诺贝尔物理学奖无疑最具公正性和权威性。从1901年至2000年,该奖获得者共计162人次。几乎可以说,所有获奖人无一不是获奖领域的先驱者和开拓者,其物理学成就都是经得起历史检验的,都无愧于诺贝尔物理学奖这个至高无上的科学荣誉。然而,诺贝尔物理学奖却令人遗憾地未能做到“四海无遗珠”。除了以前引起过议论的一些例子之外,这里介绍的对重轻子(即r轻子)理论做出了开拓性贡献的蔡永赐(Yung-suTsai)教授,也成了诺贝尔物理学奖的一颗“遗珠”。 相似文献
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1994年诺贝尔物理学奖今年的诺贝尔物理学奖获得者为CliffordG.Shull(78岁,美国麻省理工学院教授)和BertramN.Brochkouse[76岁,加拿大麦克麦斯特(McMaster)大学教授].前者曾于40年代初完成了中子衍射实验.... 相似文献
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John C.Mather和George F.Smoor因为发现宇宙微波背景辐射的黑体形式和各向异性而分享2006年度诺贝尔物理学奖.论文中从COBE卫星而来的详尽的观测报告推动了现代宇宙学的发展,使其成为一门精确科学. 相似文献
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诺贝尔物理学奖代表着科技发展的成就、水平、潮流和方向,面对如此丰富的诺贝尔物理学奖资源,最值得我们思考的是,如何对它进行开发和利用,从而为我们的教育教学服务. 相似文献
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中国计量科学研究院激光组 《物理》1973,(1)
本文介绍了6328埃氦氖激光器频率稳定的原理.对激光稳频器进行了分析,提出了各个环节的要求及所需采取的措施.利用鉴频曲线对稳频系统进行了测量,得到的长期稳定性优于4 ×10-9.给出了与目前长度基准86Kr波长比对的结果: λ真空=6329.91416埃(20Ne) λ真空=6329.90223埃(22Ne) 相似文献
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The frequency difference between the methane-stabilized 3.39 μm He-Ne laser and the third harmonic of the 10.17 μm R(32) transition of the CO2 laser was measured by harmonic generation and mixing in a tungsten-nickel diode. The difference is 55 200 952 ± 16 kHz. This result corroborates the findings of other workers and is special interest in current discussions to redefine the international metre. 相似文献
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Small-signal gain measurements have been made for cw transitions of the hollow-cathode He—Zn laser using an oscillator-amplifier configuration. Maximum recorded gains at line-centre along the axis of the gain tube were 340%, 80%, 28% and 16% per metre respectively for the Zn+ transitions at λ 7588, 4924, 7479 and 5894 Å. The results illustrate the superiority of the hollow-cathodeover the positive-column discharge for Duffendack (charge transfer)-excited laser transitions. 相似文献
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给出了物体的弹性势能储存系数的定义.从弹性势能储存系数出发讨论两光滑小球的斜碰问题,并导出了碰撞前后系统动能之间的关系. 相似文献
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本文推引出热力学摩尔吸光系数定义,并且比较了它与表观摩尔吸光系数的特点。采用作图法测出硫氰酸钒热力学吸光系数对数lgε^0=1.58(20℃,I→0)。 相似文献
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Finite element analysis has been used to characterise an all-fibre antenna using circular core D-fibre. The optical D-fibre carrying a transversely poled piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride polymer coating was modelled by using three-dimensional stress analysis. The response of the D-fibre antenna was determined over a wide frequency range from 1 to 800 MHz. The modelling predicts that the electric-field-induced strains will cause a phase shift of 2.43×10−5 rad/(V/m) per metre at 5 MHz. At frequencies higher than 8 MHz, the optical response is dominated by radial resonances of the D-fibre/coating composite. Using the simulation results, an electric-field-induced phase shift of 7.35×10−5 rad/(V/m) per metre has been obtained. An increase in phase modulation sensitivity by a factor of three compared to conventional circular fibre has been achieved by utilising the unique properties of the D-fibre structure. The D-fibre antenna has potential applications in areas such as EMC testing and radio-over-fibre networks where it provides a convenient means of optically generating radio signals. 相似文献
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C. Blondel C. Delsart F. Dulieu C. Valli 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》1999,5(2):207-216
Photodetachment of ions is performed in the presence of a static electric field. A high spatial resolution electron detector is used to map
out the ejected electron's wave function. Propagation over half a metre does not alter the stationary structure the electron
wave possesses in the direction orthogonal to the detachment motion. Nodes and antinodes of electron current density are observed,
that can be interpreted as direct imaging of the internal atomic wave function. Because detachment of a negative ion can be
represented accurately in the free-electron approximation, the obtained images can also be viewed as direct experimental representations
of the Green function of the uniform acceleration problem. Agreement of the measured distributions with the exact expression
of this wave-function appears quite satisfactory.
Received: 5 June 1998 / Accepted: 16 October 1998 相似文献