碱土金属原子激光的共振辐射俘获效应

根据Holstein理论研究了碱土金属原子激光中的共振辐射俘获效应，分别计算了Ca，Sr和Ba蒸气激光在不同半径时产生共振辐射俘获效应的阈值温度、基态粒子数密度和共振能级的有效寿命.发现计算得到的阈值温度与实验报道的开始产生激光的工作温度一致，表明共振辐射俘获效应是这类激光形成粒子数反转的一个重要机制. 关键词： 共振辐射俘获 碱土金属原子激光 阈值温度     

放电管口径对紫外铜离子激光下能级消激励的影响

从纵向纳秒脉冲放电的铜离子紫外激光动力学机理出发，得到了激光上、下能级形成粒子数反转所需的必要条件，理论分析了其功率随放电管孔径减小而迅速增加的实验现象，指出放电管孔径的减小能够有效抑制激光下能级辐射俘获的发生，从而提高了激光下能级的排空速率，使得激光功率增加. 关键词： 紫外铜离子激光 辐射俘获 粒子数反转机理     

在低价氮离子中实现3s-2p软X射线的最佳条件研究

从实现离子的基态和激发态之间粒子数反转的主要参量入手，数值计算了基态的 粒子数密度、上能级和下能级的统计权重之比、三体复合速率和自发辐射衰减速率之比等每个参量对反转粒子数密度的影响，并且以基于光场感生电离（OFI）复合机制B－likeN系统为例对实际系统进行分析讨论，给出了实现基于光场感生电离B-like N45.21nm3s-2p跃迁激光放大的最大激光功率密度。     

激光脉冲延时方案对原子多步共振光致电离的影响

针对宁西京教授提出激光脉冲延时方案,在含时薛定谔方程理论框架下探讨了各种参数对激光共振电离效率的影响;并以镥原子共振电离为例,探讨了该方案用于激光共振电离质谱(LRIMS)同位素分析的可行性.结果表明:由于超精细结构能级激励拉比频率很难满足匹配条件,该方案很难用于宽带激光激励电离LRIMS同位素分析中.在理论分析基础上,给出了基于窄带激光激励电离的LRIMS同位素分析的光致电离方案.     

原子能级与共振时间量子化

本文发展了Ｓｃｈｏｍｍｅｒｓ的时间观点，着重讨论了辐射与物质作用过程的时间和共振时间。并通过假定辐射与物质作用过程为时间本征态，推出了共振时间量子化的重要结论。本文还应用共振时间量子化方法讨论了原子光散射，推出了原子能级和原子的价电子逐级电离所形成的所有离子能级普适性解析公式。     

基于AlGaN/GaN共振隧穿二极管的退化现象的研究

文章研究了GaN基共振隧穿二极管 (RTD) 的退化现象. 通过向AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN量子阱中引入三个实测的深能级陷阱中心并自洽求解薛定谔方程和泊松方程, 计算并且讨论了陷阱中心对GaN基RTD的影响. 结果表明, GaN基RTD的退化现象是由陷阱中心的缺陷密度和激活能的共同作用引起. 由于陷阱中心的电离率和激活能的指数呈正相关关系, 因此具有高激活能的陷阱中心俘获更多电子, 对负微分电阻 (NDR) 特性的退化起主导作用. 关键词： 共振隧穿二极管 GaN 陷阱中心 电离率     

电荷共振增强电离和离解电离在H~+_2谐波辐射中的贡献

理论研究了电荷共振增强电离和离解电离在H~+_2谐波辐射中的贡献.结果表明:在少周期激光场下,谐波辐射只由电荷共振增强电离贡献产生,谐波光谱呈规则的奇次谐波.在多周期激光场下,谐波辐射由电荷共振增强电离和离解电离共同贡献产生,但是电荷共振增强电离在谐波辐射中起主要作用.并且低阶谐波呈现偶次谐波.最后,通过分析含时核运动,电离几率以及谐波辐射时频分析图解释了少周期和多周期激光场驱动H~+_2辐射谐波的过程.     

Sn激光共振电离质谱分析中电离通道理论探讨

Sn激光共振电离质谱同位素分析中电离通道的选择非常关键.采用Dirac–Hartree–Fock(MCDHF)方法和相对论组态相互作用的Grasp VU原子结构计算程序,计算了Sn、Te原子的低激发态能级结构、光谱跃迁几率.通过对Sn质谱分析用灯丝样品进行热蒸发实验,确定了Sn原子在蒸发条件下基态能级粒子布局.结合理论计算跃迁数据和布局数据,从选择性电离角度出发,推荐了Sn激光共振电离质谱分析中Sn电离光谱通道.     

用激光共振电离光谱测定铈原子奇宇称高激发态(Ⅰ):32 042～34 575 cm-1

激光共振电离光谱是一种十分适合于高能量区重元素复杂原子结构研究的技术。为寻找原子最佳的共振电离通道，利用这一技术对铈原子奇宇称高激发态进行了研究。在32042－34575cm^-1范围内，用两步共振激发和非共振电离方法，首次观察到了83条铈原子奇宇称高激发态能级，测量了这些新能级的能量和给出了可能的总角动量J值。     

中子结合能附近的p波共振能级的探测

计算了强激光场引起的低能中子的p波辐射俘获过程, 目的在于探测中子结合能附近的中子p波共振能级——它们在通常的低能中子核反应中无法被观察到. 用二阶微扰论计算这一截面, 结果表示为核矩阵元和激光电场强度的函数. 数量级估算表明, 为了观察到这一效应, 激光的电场强度需要大于10⁵或10⁸V/cm, 前者对应于在入射道中间时存在另一s波共振能级.     

Radiation trapping effects in Cu, Mn, Ca, Sr, and Ba vapor lasers

The radiation trapping effect was investigated in Cu, Mn, Ca, Sr, and Ba vapor lasers with a cylinder discharge tube. Compared with the negligible impact induced by the gas temperature, the lower level population density of radiation trapping was found to dominate the effective spontaneous emission probability. Meanwhile a tube radius scanning from 1 mm to 20 mm revealed that the threshold parameters of radiation trapping effect were affected little by the tube radius when the radius changed from 20 mm to 5 mm, but they varied visibly when the tube radius decreased from 5 mm to 1 mm. Furthermore, the threshold temperature and the lower level population density of the radiation trapping effect in six resonant lines in Cu, Mn, Ca, Sr and Ba vapor lasers were calculated, and the threshold temperature was found to be close to the initial lasing temperature of the corresponding resonance level to metastable level transition.     

Critical point and mechanism of the fluid–fluid phase transition in warm dense hydrogen

The density functional theory is used to calculate the equation of state and the proton–proton pair correlation functions in the range of hydrogen temperatures and densities where the fluid–fluid phase transition is expected. The metastable states are considered. The critical temperature has been estimated to be ~4000 K. We propose a two-step mechanism: the partial ionization of molecules to produce H ₂ ⁺ ions at the phase transition followed by the formation of H ₃ ⁺ ions.     

Influence of helium metastable states on the E-H mode transition in an inductively coupled plasma

A helium (He) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source combined with two diode laser systems with the wavelengths of 396.5 nm (2¹S–4¹P) and 1082.9 nm (2³S–2³P) was configured to investigate the influence of He metastable states on the E-H mode transition. The population densities of 2¹S and 2³S states were measured by laser absorption spectroscopy as the functions of RF power, He pressure, and the distance from RF antenna. Correlations between the E-H mode transition and the population density ratio of the 2³S metastable state to the 2¹S metastable state as well as the line intensity ratio (LIR) of the 3³D-2³S transition to the 3¹P–2¹S transition were investigated. The E-H mode transition of He ICP was analyzed by the electron impact ionization rate and it was confirmed that the 2³S metastable state plays a key role in the E-H mode transition.     

Precise - and -factor measurements of Ba+ isotopes

Laser-microwave double and triple resonance experiments were performed on clouds of Ba⁺ ions confined in a Penning ion trap to induce and detect electronic and nuclear spin flip transitions. Collisions with buffer gas molecules in the trap was used to reduce the lifetime of a long lived metastable state of the ions, in which population trapping might occur, and to cool the ions to the ambient temperature. Loss of ions from the trap by collisions were prevented by coupling the magnetron and reduced cyclotron motions by an additional r.f. field at the sum frequency of the two motions. Electronic Zeeman transitions in ¹³⁸Ba⁺ and ¹³⁵Ba⁺ were observed at a full width of about 3 kHz at a transition frequency of 80 GHz. The uncertainty of the line center was . From the magnetic field calibration by the cyclotron resonance of electrons stored in the same trap the g_J-factor for both isotopes could be determined to . From radiofrequency induced transitions of ¹³⁵Ba⁺ the nuclear g-factor could be determined . Both measurements improve earlier results by about one order of magnitude. Received: 9 July 1998 / Accepted: 14 July 1998     

Observation of oriented 23 S 1 helium atoms in a sodium-helium plasma irradiated by polarization-modulated laser radiation

An experiment on the observation of spin polarization of metastable helium atoms interacting with optically oriented sodium atoms under continuous rf discharge conditions is described. Laser radiation with alternating-sign circular polarization, tuned to the resonance excitation of the 3² S _1/2–3² P _1/2 transition in Na atoms, is used as the source for optical pumping of ground-state sodium atoms. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 65, No. 5, 385–387 (10 March 1997)     

Double resonances upon three-photon ionization of the samarium atom

The manifestation of double resonances upon the three-photon ionization of the samarium atom has been studied in a frequency range of 17200–18400 cm⁻¹. Thirty peaks caused by double resonances have been found in the dependence of the yield of Sm⁺ ions on the laser radiation frequency. The majority of these peaks greatly exceed in amplitude the peaks associated with ordinary two-photon resonances. The influence of double resonances on the three-photon ionization has been theoretically analyzed using the density matrix approximation. The calculations show that the probability of the three-photon resonance ionization can increase by more than two orders of magnitude due to the additional one-photon population of an intermediate level. The double resonance slows down the rate of increase in the probability of ionization with an increase in the laser radiation intensity compared to ordinary two-photon resonance.     

Electron spectroscopy using excited atoms and photons IX. Penning ionization of CO2, CS2, COS,N2O,H2S,SO2, and NO2

The electron spectra resulting from thermal collisions of He* (predominantly 2³S) metastable atoms with the seven triatomic molecules, CO₂, COS, CS², N₂O H₂S, SO₂ and NO₂, are compared with their respective 584-Å photoelectron spectra using a transmission-corrected electron spectrometer. The normalised relative electronic-state transition probabilities for production of ionic states in Penning ionization and photoionization are reported together with energy shifts (ΔE values) for He*(2³S) Penning ionization. The cross-section for Penning ionization to lower states of NO₂⁺ is extremely low as has been observed in other open shell molecules such as NO and O₂.     

Lifetime measurements of metastable states in CRYRING

Collinear ion beam laser spectroscopy has been utilized in the ion storage ring CRYRING in order to measure lifetimes of metastable states in singly charged ions. The laser light has been used for selective probing of the population decay of individual fine structure or hyperfine structure states. With the use of a mechanical shutter, time resolved studies could be performed with millisecond resolution. In another experiment, the cw laser light was used to optically pump stored ions from the ground state into a specific metastable state. With most of the stored ions in the metastable state, direct observation of the decay of the forbidden transition from the metastable state to the ground state could be observed passively. Measurements of metastable lifetimes in Ca⁺, Sr⁺, Xe⁺ and Eu⁺ will be discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sub-Doppler spectroscopy of atoms excited in the regime of Rabi oscillations in a thin gas cell

We carried out theoretical investigation about velocity-selective atomic excitation on long-lived (metastable) levels of an atomic vapour in a thin cell by a monochromatic laser beam, running in the normal direction. The regime of coherent Rabi oscillations is considered on the light-induced transition from a sublevel of the ground quantum term to a metastable atomic level. On the basis of density matrix equations for the two-level system, we analysed the atomic population density of the metastable level, when the sample is irradiated by resonant monochromatic laser beam with an annular cross-section versus atomic velocities and versus the detuning, the amplitude, and the geometry of the laser beam. It is shown that, in the centre of the annular region, it can be obtained a population distribution on the metastable level as a function of the laser detuning, characterized by a sharp narrow resonance profile, whose width is reduced with respect to the thermal Doppler width roughly by the ratio between the diameter of the irradiated region and the inner thickness of the cell. We suggest high-sensitive schemes, in order to detect these sub-Doppler resonances, by probing the population of the metastable state with a second laser beam, resonant with a transition leaving from the metastable level. The case of ¹S₀ → ³P₁ spin-forbidden transition of Ca is discussed in more detail