跨音压气机转子叶尖流场试验与分析

本文利用高频响动态压力测试技术测量了某跨音压气机转子叶尖间隙流场,其中包括对跨音转子叶尖漏流和激波／漏流干扰的细致流场特征．测试结果表明激波在机匣壁面处受漏流干扰的影响相当大,这一干扰分别来自于前缘漏流涡的干扰和叶尖第二次漏流对通道激波的直接冲击干扰,使激波结构呈“S”形.在低背压高攻角条件下,转子存在十分明显的尾涡．     

弯曲动叶对跨音轴流压气机性能的影响

对具有弯曲动叶的跨音轴流压气机性能的数值研究表明,反弯曲动叶中通道激波沿径向倾斜角度最大,在顶部移向下游,在中部移向前缘,提高了失速裕度,但也增加了中部损失,反弯曲动叶级效率最低。正弯曲动叶中通道激波在顶部前移,失速裕度下降,通道激波近似为径向,负荷沿叶高分布均匀,气动效率最高。通道激波位置合理分布是弯曲动叶改型设计成功的关键。     

跨音压气机中非结构网格自适应的研究

跨音压气机中存在激波/边界层相互干涉、激波/叶尖泄漏涡相互干涉等复杂流动结构,为了实现高精度的数值模拟,精细的捕捉到激波以及叶尖泄漏涡附近的流动结构,从而探究其复杂的流动机理,本文发展了非结构网格自适应技术,其可以自动的加密关注流动特征附近的网格,从而实现对激波、叶尖泄漏涡及激波与其他流动现象相互作用的流动结构的精细捕捉。本文将网格自适应技术应用于RAE-2822翼型二维激波算例以及真实跨音速压气机Rotor-37算例的数值模拟中,计算结果表明网格自适应技术能自动的捕捉到激波、叶尖泄漏涡及其与其他流动现象相互干涉的精细流动结构。     

跨音压气机机匣冷却流动控制方法研究

近年来轴流压气机非绝热效应逐渐得到学者们的关注,已有研究表明,采用冷却可以提高压气机整体性能。本文在跨音轴流压气机中针对壁面冷却机理进行探讨,并分别针对跨音转子Rotor 37以及某F级燃气轮机压气机首级模化1.5级实验台开展壁面冷却流动控制方法数值研究。在保证压气机相同进口流量时,在单排跨音转子Rotor 37动叶上游机匣处采用壁面冷却,能够有效减小当地音速及增大流速,从而增大叶顶区域激波前相对马赫数,进而增强激波,提高压气机在设计工况点的增压能力。进一步,在1.5级压气机中考察多排环境下壁面冷却作用,冷却分别应用于机匣及进口导叶上,研究结果表明,壁面冷却同样可以提高压气机气动性能。对比机匣冷却与进口导叶冷却两种方式,可知其机理不同,在跨音压气机中机匣冷却具有简便易行且效果显著的特点。     

局部端前掠对跨音悬臂静子气动性能影响研究

探究了局部端前掠对跨音悬臂静子气动性能的影响。一方面,局部端前掠可以减小悬臂静子轮毂端吸力面上跨音区的峰值马赫数,减小激波损失;另一方面,局部端前掠可以减小悬臂静子轮毂端的峰值负荷,使得负荷沿弦长方向重新分布,减小泄漏损失。同时,把局部端前掠技术应用于一台工业用多级轴流压气机中的跨音悬臂静子,在保持总压比和稳定工作范围的前提下使得多级压气机绝热效率提高近0.85%。     

高速压气机不稳定流动声测量技术研究

本文叙述了用声测量技术研究高速压气机的旋转不稳定特性、失速先兆及失速过程,建立了一套测量方法、测量系统,测量了高速压气机管道内声场的时域波形、频谱和管道声模态,结果分析表明:在没有激波的条件下高速压气机的管道声场中也存在低速压气机中可能存在的不稳定分量,但在有激波存在时无法分辨激波分量和不稳定分量,也未发现激波噪声分量的模态特征。所建立的测量系统具有高速、大容量、连续采集多通道信号的能力,并有快速计算频谱和模态的功能,使这种测量技术可成为一种常规研究压气机不稳定特性、失速机理和失速过程的有效方法。     

水泵吸水池内部流动PIV试验的深入分析

ＰＩＶ技术是一种新型的流动量测手段，使用这种技术能够容易的得出流场中的速度分布情况，在此基础上进行深入分析，还可以得到许多十分重要的流动参数。这里，对水泵吸水池内部流动的ＰＩＶ试验进行深入分析，得出如下的流动参量：吸水口处的环量分布、测量面上的涡度分布、交叉面处的三维速度分布，另外，对试验中所拍摄的图片进行分析，可以得出吸入涡中气核大小的分布情况．     

1+1/2对转涡轮低压动叶激波结构的研究

本文对1 1／2对转涡轮低压动叶中激波结构等进行了详细的数值模拟．通过对流道中静压和马赫数等参数的分析发现,当高压动叶外伸波扫过低压动叶流道时,低压动叶前缘吸力面处产生了一道脱体弧形激波,流道中吸力面上产生了一道正激波,在脱体激波和正激波之间,存在着较强的膨胀波,这种分布与跨音压气机叶栅中的波系结构相似．当高压动叶尾迹扫过低压动叶时,低压动叶吸力面的压力会产生明显的波动,出现一个随时间变化的低压区．     

跨音速单转子压气机气动设计的优化

本文发展了一种提高跨音压气机效率的优化设计方法。该方法由快速叶片造型和网格生成、三维NS方程求解器和优化方法三部分组成。以绝热效率为设计目标,只选择两个参数-最大弯度和最大厚度相对位置沿叶高的分布为优化参数,成功设计了一个跨音单转子压气机。在此基础上,进一步考察了叶片端布周向弯曲对跨音单转子压气机性能的影响。     

叶轮机械复杂流动的PIV应用研究

本文发展了适用于叶轮机械等复杂内流系统使用的ＣＣＤ视场标定技术,以及能够消除视窗大颗粒污染带来的影响的图象处理技术,并在高速压气机实验台上对一小展弦比高负荷跨音风扇转子尖部的非定常瞬态流场进行了成功测量．     

A high-speed all-digital technique for cycle-resolved 2-D flow measurement and flow visualisation within SI engine cylinders

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is now a well-established planar flow measurement technique for the study of in-cylinder flow fields in internal combustion engines. Here the authors describe a turnkey, high-speed digital imaging system that provides combined real-time flow visualisation and rapidly processed PIV data in an industrial optical research engine facility. The system is based on commercially available, high-speed imaging and laser technology and conventional digital cross-correlation processing to provide cycle-resolved PIV data and flow visualisation within timescales appropriate for engine development. A simple variation on the synchronisation scheme also allows the acquisition of tens to thousands of flow visualisation sequences and PIV maps at the same crank angle, thus giving the potential for the study of cycle-to-cycle flow variability and its effect on combustion stability in a suitably instrumented optical engine. The technique may also find applications in other unsteady or oscillatory flows of importance in aerodynamics, acoustics, mixing, and heat transfer.     

Flow measurement in a transonic centrifugal impeller Using a PIV

Laser velocimetries, such as LDV or laser-2-focus (L2F) velocimetry, have been widely used for a flow measurement in a high-speed rotating impeller. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) is one of the popular velocity measurement techniques for the ability to measure a velocity field. And a PIV offers an extensive velocity field in an extremely shorter measurement time than the laser velocimetries. In the present experiment, a PIV was applied to a flow measurement in a transonic centrifugal impeller. A phase locked measurement technique every 20% blade pitch was performed to obtain a velocity field over one blade pitch of the inducer. The measured velocity field at the inducer of impeller clearly showed a shock wave generated on the suction surface of a blade. The validity of the present technique was also discussed.     

PIV and LDA measurements of secondary flow in a meandering channel for overbank flow

Secondary flow in a compound meandering channel with straight floodplain banks for overbank was investigated by a visualization method and velocity measurement using three-component laser Doppler anemometor (LDA). The secondary flow in a cross section was visualized by the neutral buoyant tracer method with a submergible video camera. Secondary flow vectors in a cross section were obtained by using PIV software with captured frames from video source through PC and also by LDA measurements. From the comparison of the PIV and LDA results, it is found that PIV data show good agreement in quality with LDA measurements when the secondary flow is strong and stable as shown in this paper.     

Performance of a PIV system for a combusting flow and its application to a spray combustor model

The performance of PIV system for combusting flow was evaluated by using artificial images generated from computer graphics and experimental data. The influences of shutter speed, filter, laser power and the PIV algorithms on the measurement uncertainty were studied for optimizing the performance of the PIV system. This system was applied to the spray combustor model for boiler, and the flow patterns with and without combustion were elucidated. Results showed that the burner flow generates complex three-dimensional flow pattern, which contributes to highly mixed fuel flow in the combustor. Although the flow pattern with and without combustion is similar, the growth of burner flow area and an increase in velocity magnitude are found in the flow field by the influence of chemical reactions in combustion.     

粒子图象测速技术在内燃机缸内流场研究中的应用

本文应用粒子图象测速技术（PIV）对内燃机压缩过程中的缸内流场进行了实验研究。开发的实验装置可真实模拟内燃机的进气、压缩和膨胀行程，并且适于开设大窗口以测取大区域的全场速度分布。开发建立的PIV拍摄及数据处理系统实现了对瞬态全场流动参数的较精确的测量处理，可直观地给出流场中的涡流特征。文中有部分结果实例。     

水洞流场PIV显示与分析系统离轴测试校正

粒子图像测速技术(PIV)通过测量被测流场截面上每一位置点的速度,获得整个被测流场的信息.在PIV一般应用中所使用的照明激光片光与成像CCD装置的拍摄方向是垂直的,在某些应用场合受测试条件的限制,需要采用离轴方式进行测量,此时CCD成像方向与照明的激光片光不垂直,而是有一定夹角.离轴测试方式将对PIV系统的光学成像系统、示踪粒子选择和粒子图像处理带来影响.实验采用Scheimpflug离轴聚焦的方法对表面镀银高反射率的示踪粒子进行成像,通过调整成像透镜与CCD像面的夹角可获得清晰的粒子成像,并利用网格校正板和软件计算处理等方法有效校正了由于离轴测试带来的影响.     

A comparative study of the PIV and LDV measurements on a self-induced sloshing flow

Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements on a self-induced sloshing flow in a rectangular tank had been conducted in the present study. The PIV measurement result was compared with LDV measurement result quantitatively in order to evaluate the accuracy level of the PIV measurement. The comparison results show that the PIV and LDV measurement results agree with each other well in general for both mean velocity and fluctuations of the velocity components. The average disagreement level of the mean velocity between PIV and LDV measurement results was found to be within 3% of the target velocity for the PIV system parameter selection. Bigger disagreements between the PIV and LDV measurement results were found to concentrate at high shear regions. The spatial resolution and temporal resolution differences of the PIV and LDV measurements and the limited frames of the PIV instantaneous results were suggested to be the main reasons for the disagreement.     

Quantitative visualization of micro-tube flow using micro-PIV

This paper describes PIV measurements ofthe flow field in a micro round tube with an internal diameter of 100 μm in order to examine micro-scale effects. Since the refractive index of the micro tube almost corresponds to that of water, the inner flow in the tube can be observed clearly. The micro PIV system has been developed using a microscope, a high sensitive CCD camera, a double pulsed Nd:YAG laser and optics. Applying the micro PIV technique to the flow, the velocity distributions with spatial resolution of 1.8 × 1.8 μm were measured even near the wall in the center plane of the round tube. It was found that the velocities near the tube wall were smaller than the theoretical values calculated by using Poiseuille’s law. It is believed that this disparity is due to micro-scale effects such as interference between particles and the wall, friction at the wall, surface tension and so on.     

Flow visualization of a longitudinal vortex in drag-reducing surfactant flow

Vortical structures behind a wing-type vortex generator (WVG) immersed in a drag-reducing flow were visualized with a fluorescence dye illuminated with a planer laser sheet to investigate the enhancement mechanism of heat transfer on the WVG-installed target wall. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was also used to measure the flow velocity profiles. Both the flow visualization and the velocity measurement revealed that small amounts of surfactant, Cetyl-Trimethyl-Ammonium-Chloride/ Sodium Salicylate (CTAC/NaSal), added in water changed drastically the flow patterns together with the wall heat transfer distributions due to the reduction of momentum exchange in the vortical flows behind WVG.     

气液两相流速度及粒径分布激光干涉测量方法的研究

为了实现对气液两相流的粒子粒径、空间分布及其速度测量。对激光干涉气液两相流测量技术（ILIDS）进行了深入研究,该技术是一种应州于气液两相流测量的新技术,其主要优点是不干扰流场和颗粒粒径、位置测量精度高。基于该技术所开发的图像自动处理方法可以利用普通粒子成像测量技术系统拍摄气液两相流的激光散射干涉图像。并利用图像卷积定位、傅里叶变换频率分析及其图像互相关测速等图像处理手段从干涉图像中自动提取粒子的位置、直径和速度信息。为了验证该方法的测量精度,对喷嘴生成的气水两相流进行了测量实验,得到了喷嘴出口处不同区域的粒径、速度矢量的空间分布,并将测得的速度矢量与用粒子成像测量技术方法测得的结果进行对比,证明两种方法测量的平均速度差别仅为0．38％。