基于FPGA的多通道数据采编器的设计

针对某型号弹上模拟信号的采集和存储,设计一种基于FPGA的多通道模拟信号和数字信号的采编器;对弹上的不同速率的速变和缓变模拟信号进行采集,与接收的数字信号编帧和存储,并通过具有USB2.0接口单片机CY7C68013完成与上位机的通信;该系统采用模块化设计方法,实验表明,精度及可靠性高、实时性好,具有广泛的实用性与通用性。     

一种新型等动力采样头的数值模拟

针对船舶发动机进口空气含盐量的测量设计了一种等动力采样头。通过计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对设计的等动力采样头进行了数值模拟,得到了其头部流场分布、在不同粒径下流场滑移速度分布和滑移速度梯度分布,对比分析了其与美国EPA标准采样头在不同工况下的采样误差。并研究了采样头安装角度和采样速度变化对采样精度的影响。计算结果表明:该等动力采样头的性能明显优于EPA标准采样头的性能;随着液滴粒径的增大,采样误差增加;随着来流速度的减小,采样误差降低;当采样头偏转3°时,在三种粒径下采样误差最大仅为1.87%;在采样速度偏差士10%的情况下,采样误差全都不高于2.71%。为今后空气含盐量的高精度测量提供了技术支撑。     

基于核电子学实验教学用的模数变换电路研制

介绍了一种基于核电子学实验教学用的模数变换电路的研制。在设计中,以单极型、16位、采样率为500k Hz,微功耗采样模数转换器ADS8322为核心,将采样保持电路输出的模拟信号转换为数字信号,通过发光二极管显示变换出的结果,在核物理实验教学过程中便于学生观察模数转换结果。在PCB板设计时在板正面绘制出了电路原理图,理解电路原理及构成。该电路也可以配合逻辑控制模块以及PC软件组成多道分析系统测量射线能谱。     

多光通道条纹投影系统误差测量与补偿

基于相位计算的多通道三维测量技术由于同时使用多个光通道,通道间串扰和色差、镜头畸变以及器件非线性响应等多种误差耦合在一起,影响测量效果和检测精度.针对该问题,从采集图像的误差类型出发,将误差分为图像像素亮度与实际亮度之间的光强误差和图像像素空间分布的位置偏差,以此分别构建了光强误差关系和位置偏差关系并对检测系统进行定量测量.最后提出一种系统误差补偿方法,利用建立的误差关系修正了采集图像光强亮度和像素位置偏差,同时补偿了上述误差对测量结果的影响.实验结果表明,利用本文提出的误差补偿方法对标准台阶进行多通道三维形貌测量,测量误差从0.678 mm减小到0.031 mm,该方法对此类系统的高精度三维测量具有实用价值.     

一种多通道高精度数字化传感器变换装置设计

针对现有传感器变换装置受误差及温漂等因素影响造成采集精度不高的问题,专门设计了一种传感器变换装置。该变换装置具有小型化、低成本、高性能的特点。采用C8051F系列单片机作为主控芯片;为了满足8通道双极性模拟信号采集的要求,采用2片AD公司的14位、6通道A/D芯片对±10V范围的双极模拟信号进行变换;采用前端信号放大电路、跟随滤波处理电路及微处理器的软件进行线性补偿,达到高精度变换要求;采用RS-422专用芯片完成信号的数字化传输。实验结果表明该变换装置的变换精度能达到0.05%,数字信号传输稳定,可广泛应用于军事和工业生产领域的高精度测量场合。     

基于转镜的激光触发系统设计

 设计了一种新的基于转镜的光电触发装置。电机带动反射镜转动,形成转镜,激光光线经转镜反射形成扇形光幕,利用光电接收装置接收经被测目标和转镜两次反射的反射激光,产生触发信号,由采集模块对触发信号进行采样,将模拟信号转化为数字信号,并通过传输模块传送到被控设备,实现触发。     

基于DSP、ADC应用的转台角度解算及补偿技术

设计了一种高速、高精度旋转变压器 数字转换器,在正弦激励载波的正、负峰值处使用ADC(模数转换器)对旋转变压器的正、余弦模拟调制输出采样,在DSP中利用采样值进行软件解算与处理,最终获得双通道旋转变压器的角度。提出一种对旋转变压器正余弦输出相位和幅值误差的补偿方法,并给出了确定误差参数的具体方案,以及此时解算角度象限的判定方法。实验结果表明,提出的低成本解算系统计算速度快,静态解算精度达到0.01以上,动态解算精度达到0.05以上。     

基于线性回归模型的无线水质参数监控预警终端设计

设计了无线水质参数监预警控终端,实现对水温、溶氧量、pH值等参数的实时在线监测,对水质参数的在线采集、本地存储、显示、远程传输和预警报警功能;采用ATmega128A单片机为核心控制器,电化学型传感器为采样模块,GPRS网络进行远程通信; 通过休眠、部分模块断电等方式降低能耗,基于一元线性回归模型设计了水质参数预警机制,预警估计值与实际值偏差在1个单位以内;实验测试结果表明监测精度在满量程的3%以内。     

一种改进式TAC的高精度时间间隔测量系统的实现

设计了一种基于改进式时间-幅度转换器(Time-Amplitude Converter, TAC)的高精度时间间隔测量系统。该系统采用集成运放设计TAC中的电流可控的恒流源,并对TAC内部的积分控制部分加入宽带直流放大电路,来提高时间间隔测量的精确度;采用高精度的模数转换器采样TAC的输出,实现高精度时间间隔测量中的模拟到数字的转换;采用现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)完成系统软件设计,实现对TAC的控制。通过变换TAC的采样电阻的阻值,使恒流源输出不同的电流对电容进行充电,从而使TAC的输出电压满足高精度模数转换器(Analog-Digital Converter,ADC)采集电压的要求。实验表明,在测量时间范围为1us,800ns,400ns,200ns时,该系统的时间间隔测量的最小时间精度为400皮秒。     

双峰分布的超细颗粒动态光散射信号模拟及精度分析

为获取双峰分布超细颗粒的动态光散射模拟信号,通过建立动态光散射随机过程的AR模型,利用修正的Levison-Durbin递推算法确定模型参数和阶数的方法模拟光散射信号.分别对10 nm与90 nm,200 nm与1 000 nm双峰分布颗粒的动态光散射信号进行模拟,得到的模拟信号光强自相关函数与理论值吻合,用双指数法对颗粒粒径反演,相对误差小于3.55%.通过分析模型阶数、采样时间、采样频率、模拟数据长度等参数对模拟精度的影响,得出双峰分布颗粒光散射信号的模拟精度与各参数的关系:在低于阈值阶数时,模型阶数选择对精度影响大,模型阶数越高,信号模拟的精度越高,高于阈值阶数时,模型阶数选择对精度影响不大,可选阈值阶数模型模拟信号.选定一定的采样时间,采样频率越高,模拟数据长度越长,模拟精度越高.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.