LaCoO3中自旋态转变现象的超声研究

测量了LaCoO₃单相多晶样品的纵波与横波超声声速和衰减随温度的变化关系, 在材料的自 旋态转变温度附近（≈90K），纵波声速出现明显的软化并伴随一个尖锐的衰减峰，但是在 横波的测量中却没有出现类似的超声异常，分析认为LaCoO₃在90K附近的自旋态 转变是由于Co³⁺离子是从低自旋态(LS,t⁶_2ge⁰ _g)转变到中等自旋态(IS,t⁵ _2ge¹_g )，而不是高等自旋态(HS,t⁴_2ge²_g).随着温度的升高，在 200K附近纵波和横波测量上都观察到一个伴随着微小声速软化的宽大的衰减峰，这可能是随 机分布的IS态Co³⁺离子的Jahn-Teller效应导致的局域晶格扭曲所造成的. 关键词： 超声声速与衰减 自旋态转变 Jahn-Teller效应     

Ultrasonic Study on Jahn-Teller Distortions in La1=3Sr2=3CoO3

系统研究了La1=3Sr2=3CoO3单相多晶样品在低温下的电磁输运性质和超声特性．电阻率测量表明,La1=3Sr2=3CoO3在整个温区内都表现出金属特性,并且在235 K处电阻率-温度曲线的斜率发生了变化,同时伴随着铁磁相变．超声声速在铁磁相变温度以下出现软化,并在120 K附近达到最小,之后,随着温度的进一步降低,声速开始硬化,同时出现了一个宽大的超声衰减峰．分析认为,该超声异常可能起源于中等自旋态Co3+的Jahn-Teller效应．     

La0.9Na0.1MnO3的反常超声特性

系统地测量了La0.9Na0.1MnO3单相陶瓷样品的电阻、磁化率、超声声 速和衰减随温度的变化关系，发现在245K附近体系发生顺磁绝缘体－铁磁金属相变，同时超声声速出现剧烈的软化现象，其相对变化超过2％。超声衰减也出现一个尖锐的衰减峰。经分析认为这些发生在Curie温度附近的反常超声现象，可能是由自旋－声子和电－声子相互作用共同引起的。     

非晶态快离子导体(AgI)_x(Ag_4P_2O_7)_(1-x)的声学性质

用液氮骤冷方法制备了(AgI)_x(Ag_4P_2O_r)_(1-x)系列非晶态快离子导体。对AgI摩尔浓度x=0.50,0.60,0.67,0.75,0.80的样品,在77—300K温度范围及2,5,10,15MHz的频率上测量了纵波和横波的超声衰减和声速。发现在200—240K附近存在一个异常强的弛豫型超声吸收峰,随AgI含量的增加,该峰的位置向低温方向移动,且峰的高度增大。在实验的温度范围内,观察到纵波和横波的内耗Q_M~(-1)基本相等。由声速与AgI浓度关系的实验结果,计算了样品的弹性常数,并分析了玻璃态结构的变化。 用Ngai提出的低频涨落、耗散和弛豫过程的统一理论(即红外发散响应(IDR)理论),对实验结果进行了较满意的解释,给出了样品的表观激活能和红外发散指数。     

锗酸铋晶体的超声特性

本文采用超声脉冲回波法在4.2K—300K温区内测试了锗酸铋晶体[110]和[111]晶向的超声纵波衰减与温度的关系,结果在50K附近均出现由于激活弛豫过程所引起的大的异常衰减峰;本文还用脉冲回波重合法精密测定了[100],[110]和[111]晶向的超声纵波和横波的声速,并由此计算出弹性常数C_(11),C_(44)和C_(12)。     

La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.87Fe0.13O3的超声性质研究

测量了Ｌａ０．６７Ｓｒ０．３３Ｍｎ０．８７Ｆｅ０．１３Ｏ３多晶单相样品的电阻,超声声速和衰减随温度的变化。发现超声衰减在１５０Ｋ附近出现一个峰值,同时电阻迅速增加,表明样品中存在极化子－声子耦合作用。在８５Ｋ附近样品由半导体转变为金属,但当Ｔ〈６０Ｋ时样品又变成半导体行为,同时超声声速出现一个很小的软化,这表明样品中可能存在自旋玻璃态。     

亚稳相晶体R-Li_2Ti_3O_7的超声研究

对提拉法生长的亚稳相晶体R-Li_2Ti_3O_7在100—300 K进行了超声衰减和声速的测量。观察到在a方向和c方向,超声衰减在130K附近有一个衰减峰;a方向的声速变化随温度降低线性增加,而c方向上在165K附近声速变化的斜率有明显的变化。     

(Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O氧化物超导陶瓷弹性性质的超声研究

利用脉冲回波重迭方法,测定了新型高温超导陶瓷Bi_(1.7)Ph_(0.3)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_(10+x)及Bi_(1.7)Pb_(0.3)Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+x)单相多晶样品的超声声速,并进而决定了其弹性常数。在200K附近,横波和纵波声速均出现反常突变,并伴随有衰减峰出现,表明存在某种结构变化或相变,与此同时还出现了显著的模量软化,由声速导出的Bi系各弹性模量值远小于YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)超导体及BaTiO_3等具有类似结构陶瓷的相应值,而它们的泊松比却十分相近,表明这几种钙钛矿结构陶瓷有着类似的原子间结合力;而当C轴变长,其层间耦合减弱。在考虑空洞影响并加以修正后,得到材料的德拜温度为270±20K,并进而首次得到该材料的德拜温度随温度变化的曲线。     

非晶态快离子导体(AgI)x(Ag4P2O7)1-x的声学性质

用液氮骤冷方法制备了(AgI)_x(Ag₄P₂O₇)_1-x系列非晶态快离子导体。对AgI摩尔浓度x=0.50,0.60,0.67,0.75,0.80的样品,在77—300K温度范围及2,5,10,15MHz的频率上测量了纵波和横波的超声衰减和声速。发现在200—240K附近存在一个异常强的弛豫型超声吸收峰,随AgI含量的增加,该峰的位置向低温方向移动,且峰的高度增大。在实验的温度范围内,观察到纵波和 关键词：     

Nd0.5Ca0.5Mn0.97Co0.03O3体系的超声研究

系统研究了Nd0.5Ca0.5Mn0.97Co0.03O3单相多晶样品在低温下的电磁性质和超声特性.超声测量结果表明,体系在低温下超声声速出现异常,超声声速从室温开始随着温度的降低逐渐减小,并在220K附近声速达到最小,其相对变化(ΔV/V)超过2%.之后,随着温度的进一步降低,声速急剧硬化,其相对变化达到14.5%.分析表明这是由于体系中电-声子相互作用导致的电荷有序态转变的结果,该电声子耦合来源于Mn3 的JahnTeller效应.同时,该体系在100K左右出现了金属绝缘体转变同时伴随着铁磁相变,分析表明在低温下Co离子与Mn离子之间存在着铁磁交换作用,因此微量的Co掺杂会在反铁磁区域内形成部分铁磁小团簇,当铁磁团簇连通后,体系由反铁磁电荷有序态(AFMCO)向铁磁金属态(FMM)转变.研究结果表明了样品在电荷有序相变温度TCO与金属绝缘体转变温度TMI之间(TMI相似文献   

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...