Influence of inherent error of fiber-optic image inverter on application北大核心CSCD

The low-level-light image intensifier is an important photoelectric detection and imaging device in the field of night vision, and it is widely used in head-mounted display, hand-held observation and night aiming. The super-second-generation inverted image low-level-light image intensifier with fiber-optic image inverter is widely used in the night aiming system. According to the requirement of practical application, the influence of turning angle error and snake-shaped distortion in the inherent error of inverted image low-level-light image intensifier on the measurement error of aiming and stroke difference in application was analyzed. The analyses show that when the image turning angle error is less than 30' and the snake distortion is less than 30 μm, it can meet the requirements of close-range aiming and measurement of stroke difference. A detection device was developed to control the error, which solved the problem and put forward the relevant quality control points for the production and manufacture of image intensifiers for this kind of application. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Color fusion of SAR and FLIR images using a natural color transfer technique

Fusion of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and forward looking infrared (FLIR) images is an important subject for aerospace and sensor surveillance. This paper presents a scheme to achieve a natural color image based on the contours feature of SAR and the target region feature of FLIR so that the overall scene recognition and situational awareness can be improved. The SAR and FLIR images are first decomposed into steerable pyramids, and the contour maps in the SAR image and the region maps in the FLIR image are calculated. The contour and region features are fused at each level of the steerable pyramids. A color image is then formed by transferring daytime color to the monochromic image by using the natural color transfer technique. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in providing a color fusion of SAR and FLIR images.     

A theoretical and experimental study on no-guide light pen type 3D-coordinate measurement system

A novel no-guide light pen type 3D-coordinate measurement system with three sets of position sensitive devices (PSDs) to realize intersection converge imaging is introduced. It is called as the light pen type measurement system, because the measuring head is shaped as a pen with several light sources on it. The structure design, measurement principle and experimental results are presented. The theoretical analysis and experimental results prove that this system has advanced features of simple structure, high automation, and high accuracy, and can be used in the measurement fields of mechanical manufacture, robot, auto, aviation and medicine effectively.     

Scatter correction method for cone-beam CT based on interlacing-slit scan

Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) has the notable features of high efficiency and high precision, and is widely used in areas such as medical imaging and industrial non-destructive testing. However, the presence of the ray scatter reduces the quality of CT images. By referencing the slit collimation approach, a scatter correction method for CBCT based on the interlacing-slit scan is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of CBCT imaging, a scatter suppression plate with interlacing slits is designed and fabricated. Then the imaging of the scatter suppression plate is analyzed, and a scatter correction calculation method for CBCT based on the image fusion is proposed, which can splice out a complete set of scatter suppression projection images according to the interlacing-slit projection images of the left and the right imaging regions in the scatter suppression plate, and simultaneously complete the scatter correction within the flat panel detector(FPD). Finally, the overall process of scatter suppression and correction is provided. The experimental results show that this method can significantly improve the clarity of the slice images and achieve a good scatter correction.     

A new adaptive nonuniformity correction algorithm for infrared line scanner based on neural networks

The striping pattern nonuniformity of the infrared line scanner (IRLS) severely limits the system performance. An adaptive nonuniformity correction (NUC) algorithm for IRLS using neural network is proposed. It uses a one-dimensional median filter to generate ideal output of network and can complete NUC by a single frame with a high correction level. Applications to both simulated and real infrared images show that the algorithm can obtain a satisfactory result with low complexity, no need of scene diversity or global motion between consecutive frames. It has the potential to realize real-time hardware-based applications.     

Terahertz imaging using an optical frequency comb source

Optical frequency combs, which are generated by the cascade of a phase modulator and a Mach–Zehnder intensity modulator, are used as a polychromatic signal source in the terahertz imaging system to improve imaging quality. The interference effect caused by the monochromatic wave has been greatly suppressed.The required optical power in the presented system is as low as～30% of that in the system using the Er-doped fiber amplifier as a source, which can reduce cost and protect photodiodes from damage. This work provides an effective, low power consumption, low cost, and easy way to realize terahertz imaging with high quality and can be used in future security inspections.     

Influence exerted by bone-containing target body on thermoacoustic imaging with current injection

Thermoacoustic imaging with current injection(TAI-CI) is a novel imaging technology that couples with electromagnetic and acoustic research, which combines the advantages of high contrast of the electrical impedance tomography and the high spatial resolution of sonography, and therefore has the potential for early diagnosis. To verify the feasibility of TAI-CI for complex bone-containing biological tissues, the principle of TAI-CI and the coupling characteristics of fluid and solid were analyzed. Meanwhile, thermoacoustic(TA) effects for fluid model and fluid–solid coupling model were analyzed by numerical simulations. Moreover, we conducted experiments on animal cartilage, hard bone and biological soft tissue phantom with low conductivity(0.5 S/m). By injecting a current into the phantom, the thermoacoustic signal was detected by the ultrasonic transducer with a center frequency of 1 MHz, thereby the B-scan image of the objects was obtained. The B-scan image of the cartilage experiment accurately reflects the distribution of cartilage and gel, and the hard bone has a certain attenuation effect on the acoustic signal. However, compared with the ultrasonic imaging, the thermoacoustic signal is only attenuated during the outward propagation. Even in this case, a clear image can still be obtained and the images can reflect the change of the conductivity of the gel. This study confirmed the feasibility of TAI-CI for the imaging of biological tissue under the presence of cartilage and the bone. The novel TAI-CI method provides further evidence that it can be used in the diagnosis of human diseases.     

Transfer color to night vision images

Night vision technology enables human beings to operat at night. Low light level imaging and infrared imaging are two key technologies in night vision field. However the images obtained through the night vision imaging systems are monochromatic, this hinders observers from interpreting the scene well. In order to improve targe detection and identification abilities, color night vision technology is being pursued as an effective method fo solving the problem. The main methods of realizing color…     

Optical design of common-aperture multispectral and polarization optical imaging system with wide field of view

Multispectral and polarization cameras that can simultaneously acquire the spatial, spectral, and polarization characteristics of an object have considerable potential applications in target detection, biomedical imaging, and remote sensing.In this work, we develop a common-aperture optical system that can capture multispectral and polarization information.An off-axis three-mirror optical system is mounted on the front end of the proposed system and used as a common-aperture telescope in the visible light(400 nm–750 nm) and long-wave infrared(LWIR, 8 μm–12 μm) waveband. The system can maintain a wide field of view(4.5?) and it can demonstrate an enhanced identification ability. The off-axis three-mirror system gets rid of central obscuration while further yielding stable system resolution and energy. Light that has passed through the front-end common-aperture reflection system is divided into the visible light and LWIR waveband by a beamsplitter.The two wavebands then converge on two detectors through two groups of lenses. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed system can obtain clear images in each waveband to meet the diverse imaging requirements.     

Three-dimensional ghost imaging based on periodic diffraction correlation imaging

We experimentally demonstrate a three-dimensional （3D） ghost imaging method based on period diffraction correlation imaging. Compared with conventional ghost imaging, our method can easily retrieve the images of different focal planes. Due to the correlation between the disturbed object beam and the reference beams which do not pass through any scattering, the clear images can be periodically obtained in the uncovered zones even through a scattering medium. The analysis of the 3D imaging resolution reveals that the proper resolution for actual demand can be achieved by designing our devices. The implementation of this experiment is quite simple and low-cost. It facilitates the practical applications of ghost imaging.     

电子敏感CMOS部件除气方法北大核心CSCD

电子轰击有源像素传感器(electron bombarded active pixel sensor,EBAPS)作为真空-固体混合型微光器件,其性能和工作寿命一定程度上取决于器件内部真空度保持情况。分析造成EBAPS器件真空度下降的原因,推断出真空度恶化的严重后果,提出提高和保持EBAPS器件内部真空度的手段,通过搭建超高真空除气系统对EBAPS器件中核心部件电子敏感CMOS部件的放气特性进行了研究,并根据研究结果得到最佳的除气工艺参数,为EBAPS数字化微光器件的制备提供了技术基础。     

基于多光谱和sRGB空间的自然植物色的重现

多光谱成像技术在颜色科学方面的应用主要在于准确的记录和复制拍摄场景的颜色信息。针对目前基于光谱的颜色重现设备昂贵、复杂和实现起来困难的问题,提出了物体颜色从反射光谱空间向sRGB颜色空间变换的方案。在遵循sRGB标准的设备上重现了D65光源下的218种自然植物颜色,所显示的颜色与植物反射光谱实物对应的名称一致。对8个自然植物在9种不同光源下和在sRGB空间下的颜色进行了预测显示。所提出的方案对在网络环境下实现相同实物在不同照明环境下的场景显示提供了可行的途径。     

基于三代微光ICCD成像装置的目标对比度影响因素测试分析

微光夜视整机可以在夜间光照条件较差的情况下，对目标实施有效观察，而夜间观察目标对比度是整机作用距离影响因素中的重要指标。为满足微光夜视整机夜间观察理论分析及试验对目标对比度数据的迫切需求，基于三代微光像增强器具有与星光条件下自然光辐射光谱良好匹配的使用特性，搭建了基于三代微光ICCD的成像装置。并从微光成像系统的能量传递链及光电子成像系统的视觉特征方程分别推导环境光照度和目标-背景反射率比与对比度关系。在暗室和夜天光条件下开展了对比度试验，试验结果证明，当照度处于三代微光像增强器照度-亮度的线性相关照度区间[E_s, E_m]时，对比度与照度无关；对同一目标及背景采集图像，目标-背景反射率越接近1，对比度越小。     

窄带快照式多光谱成像色彩还原方法

由于兼具光谱分辨和空间分辨能力, 快照式窄带多光谱成像在资源遥感、精准农业、医疗检测等领域将有广泛应用。由于该方法使用窄带成像来提高光谱分辨率及图像对比度,所获得的图像是灰度信息,失去了场景的色彩信息,不便专家对图像鉴别、评价与赏析。已有的色彩还原算法主要针对光谱波段带宽较宽或者多个波段叠加基本覆盖整个可见光谱范围等两种光谱成像仪,不适合窄带多光谱成像方法的色彩还原。该研究适合于快照式窄带多光谱成像的色彩还原方法,提出建立窄带多光谱彩色相机的概念。首先,提出两种窄带多光谱色彩还原方法：(1)基于CIE色度系统三刺激值色的,(2)基于贝尔阵列插值算法的;其次,分别应用两种算法还原快照式窄带多光谱相机所获得的植物、手臂及宫颈组织等三种代表性场景窄带多光谱灰度图像;之后,计算并比较表征两种算法所得的代表性场景彩色图像的均值、方差、熵及梯度等表征图像质量的参数数值,确定出适合快照式窄带多光谱成像的色彩还原方法;最后,对所确定的色彩还原算法进行色偏校正。实验结果表明,基于CIE三刺激值色彩还原方法比贝尔阵列插值法更适用于窄带多光谱成像颜色复原。配合使用CIE三刺激值色彩还原方法及灰度图象校正算法,从窄带光谱成像所获得的植物、手臂皮肤及宫颈组织的灰度图像所还原出的近彩色图像逼近物体真实色彩,满足人眼观察习惯。介绍了仅覆盖可见光光谱范围30%的窄带多光谱图像进行色彩还原的方法,该方法证明快照式窄带多光谱成像可以兼具光谱分辨能力,同时保持可供人主观辨识的色彩信息。所提出实现快照式窄带多光谱彩色成像的方法,有望设计不同于传统RGB相机的彩色相机实施方案。     

基于多分辨率色彩传递的彩色夜视方法研究

为了获得符合人眼感知的彩色夜视图像,帮助观察者获取丰富的场景信息和舒适的观察效果,提出了一种基于多分辨率色彩传递的彩色夜视处理方法.结合微光与红外图像特点,对二者进行YUV空间拮抗视觉特性的彩色融合之后,采用控向金字塔对彩色融合图像(源图像)和参考图像各颜色通道进行多分辨率分解,计算子带图像的均值和标准方差,通过参考图像与源图像在各子带的方差比调整源图像的子带系数值,再经金字塔重构,最终使微光与红外彩色夜视图像获得类似参考图像的自然感色彩.分析了lαβ、YUV和RGB颜色空间对色彩传递的影响,并确定YUV颜色空间更适于多分辨率分解的色彩传递.相比传统的线性色彩传递方法,本方法不仅使彩色夜视图像拥有更符合真实场景的色彩,还可以提高其细节信息,改善场景感知,提升融合图像目标探测能力.     

自适应参考图像的可见光与热红外彩色图像融合算法

可见光与红外热图像的彩色图像融合技术是现今国内外高性能夜视技术发展的重要方向之一,该技术有效提高了人们对目标的探测和场景理解能力。目前常用的色彩传递算法多属于基于单幅参考图像的全局色彩传递算法,彩色融合图像的色调受到参考图像的影响较大,在实际应用中难以保证对各类场景的适应性。针对常规YUV空间色彩传递彩色图像融合算法的环境适应性问题,通过对植物、城镇和海天三类典型场景的分类与统计,发现了典型场景在UV通道的均值和标准差具有的较为明显的分类特性,由此提出了一种基于UV通道均值和标准差的自适应参考图像构造方法,使得可见光与热红外彩色图像融合算法具有较常规算法更好的环境适应性,融合图像的色彩具有较好的自然感,且算法处理量较小,对现有实时硬件融合处理算法的运算速度影响不大,是一种环境适应性强的自然感彩色融合处理算法。     

微光夜视器件划代方法初探

随着微光夜视技术不断发展,微光夜视器件呈现出了品种多、性能差异大、应用领域广的特点,如何从众多的微光夜视器件中梳理出其发展主线,已成为微光夜视器件从业者的研究热点。回顾了零代、一代、二代、三代、超二代微光夜视器件的发展历程,总结归纳了行业公认的零代、一代、二代、超二代、三代微光夜视器件的划代方法,并提出了“四代”微光夜视器件的概念,同时对非典型的几种微光夜视器件在微光夜视器件技术领域中所处的位置进行了说明,绘制了“树状图”,以便读者能够直观、准确、全面地了解每种微光夜视器件的技术特点以及它们在微光夜视器件技术领域所处的位置,对从事微光夜视器件技术研究者具有一定参考作用。     

基于液晶可调变滤色器的光谱图像获取及颜色重建方法

基于液晶可调变滤色器(LCTF)的光谱成像系统具有光谱分辨率高、结构紧凑、控制灵活等特点。搭建了一套可见光波段的高分辨率LCTF光谱成像系统,对系统的光谱图像获取及彩色图像重建方法进行了研究;建立了系统的光谱及颜色重建模型;基于标准色卡及标准测色系统,对该系统的颜色复现效果进行了实验验证;实验结果表明,该LCTF光谱成像系统的彩色图像颜色复现精度达可到较小色差水平。     

浅海被动水下偏振成像探测方法

针对传统被动水下偏振成像方法忽略水体对光的吸收效应,成像结果中存在严重的色彩失真,且并未深入发掘利用背景散射光中包含的场景信息的问题.提出浅海被动水下偏振成像探测方法,该方法从水体中背景散射光的传输特性出发,分析场景深度信息与散射光的物理关系,建立基于深度信息的水下Lambertian反射模型,实现无色彩畸变的水下目标场景清晰成像探测.实验结果表明,该方法能够提供接近水下目标真实色彩、符合人眼视觉特性的清晰探测结果,提高水下成像探测能力.