两块晶体衍射增强成像方法研究

在北京同步辐射装置4W1A光束线形貌学实验站用两块晶体开展了衍射增强成像方法的实验和理论研究.研究了晶体热膨胀对两块晶体衍射增强成像的影响,分析的结论表明,晶体转轴垂直于同步辐射偏振面能基本避免晶体热膨胀的影响,获得较好的成像质量.实验结果证实了分析的正确性. 关键词： 相位衬度成像 同步辐射 晶体衍射     

X射线（n,—n）双晶衍射抑制高次谐波实验研究

对将用于同步辐射ＥＸＡＦＳ 实验站双晶单色器的晶体进行了双晶衍射失谐抑制高次谐波的实验．结果表明，对Si(111）晶体，当双晶衍射失谐到基波强度只有原来的一半时，高次谐波均消失．本文讨论了Si（２２２）衍射不完全消光的原因．对Si（２２０）晶体衍射的情况也进行了简要的讨论．     

同步辐射硬X射线衍射增强峰位成像CT研究

对于主要由轻元素组成的生物、医学样品,利用衍射增强成像技术可以观察到常规吸收成像无法观察到的内部微观结构,因而衍射增强成像具有较高的衬度和空间分辨率.选用苍蝇作为实验样品,在北京同步辐射装置上首次开展了衍射增强峰位成像CT实验.重建出的样品断层像显示其分辨率达到了几十μm水平.对于将衍射增强成像技术应用于生物和医学等领域具有重要意义.     

同步辐射硬x射线衍射增强成像新进展

对于相位衬度成像的实验方法研究及其在医学、材料等领域的应用研究已成为国际上研究的热点.衍射增强成像方法(DEI)作为其中的一种方法通过测量相位衬度的一阶导数而成像.在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)4W1A束线上，对衍射增强成像方法进行了研究，并对一系列生物医学样品及材料样品成像，得到了非常清晰的相位衬度图像. 关键词： 衍射增强成像 同步辐射 硬x射线     

衍射增强成像原理

研究了衍射增强成像过程中X射线与样品和晶体的相互作用,重点分析了小角散射对衍射增强成像的影响,为衍射增强成像方程补充了小角散射噪声项,建立了更普遍的衍射增强成像方程.根据新的衍射增强成像方程,推导出峰位像和腰位像的吸收衬度,消光衬度和折射衬度的数学表达,并讨论了两种合成像(表观吸收像和折射像)的衬度问题. 关键词： 相位衬度成像 同步辐射 晶体衍射 X射线照相术     

偏振对光学系统成像质量的影响

通常情况下,评价光学成像系统像质的几个重要参数,如能量集中度(Strehl比)、分辨率、焦深等,都是以标量衍射理论为基础进行计算和分析的.考虑光波的矢量偏振特性,尤其是在高数值孔径系统中,标量衍射的精度已不能满足精度要求.本文讨论了在采用矢量衍射计算方法基础上,上述成像参数的变化,所讨论系统入瞳面各点为偏振方向一致的线偏光或部分偏光,以便于考察偏振对所述成像参数的影响,通过公式推导和数值计算,得出了由于偏振的影响.系统衍射斑能量极大值变小,像面和偏振平行方向分辨率降低,分辨率出现各向异性,只有系统焦深受偏振影响较小.而这些矢量效应会随着系统数值孔径的提高而愈加明显,因此在分析处理数值孔径较高的光学系统时必须使用矢量衍射方法.最后讨论了轴外点衍射斑的计算.     

衍射增强成像方法在计算机断层成像中的应用

衍射增强成像是X射线相位衬度成像方法之一，这种方法具有较高的衬度和空间分辨率. 利用它对由轻元素组成的生物、医学样品成像可以观察到常规吸收成像无法观察到的内部微细结构. 这种方法在生物、医学、材料科学等无损检测领域中的应用研究，已成为当前国际上X射线成像领域中的研究热点. 讨论衍射增强成像方法和该方法在计算机断层成像中的应用. 实验结果表明，使用衍射增强成像方法获得的数据源能够重建出微米级的生物组织结构，这些组织结构信息在常规X射线断层成像中是难以得到的. 关键词： 衍射增强成像 CT重建 同步辐射 微细结构     

Ce:KNSBN光折变晶体光栅衍射特性研究

研究了Ce:KNSBN光折变晶体两波耦合作用写入体光栅的衍射效率与写入光偏振态和光强比的关系, 分析了写入光偏振态造成光栅衍射效率差别的原因, 并用修正耦合波理论对实验结果进行了拟合。 实验结果为Ce:KNSBN晶体在全息记录和光学信息处理领域的应用提供了依据。     

Ce∶KNSBN光折变晶体光栅衍射特性研究

研究了Ce∶KNSBN光折变晶体两波耦合作用写入体光栅的衍射效率与写入光偏振态和光强比的关系 ,分析了写入光偏振态造成光栅衍射效率差别的原因 ,并用修正耦合波理论对实验结果进行了拟合。实验结果为Ce∶KNSBN晶体在全息记录和光学信息处理领域的应用提供了依据。     

声光调制器偏振特性的实验研究

声光调制器利用声光晶体的声光效应对输入信号进行外调制。另外,实验结果也表明:由声光调制器出射的衍射光存在偏振态的改变。旋转起偏器的透振方向,拉曼—纳斯衍射的一级衍射光的偏振态发生变化;且各级衍射光的偏振度随着透振方向的改变而发生周期性的变化。     

X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging study of intraocular tumors in human beings

Diffraction enhanced imaging(DEI) with edge enhancement is suitable for the observation of weakly absorbing objects.The potential ability of the DEI was explored for displaying the microanatomy and pathology of human eyeball in this work.The images of surgical specimens from malignant intraocular tumor of hospitalized patients were taken using the hard X-rays from the topography station of Beamline 4W1A at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility(BSRF).The obtained radiographic images were analyzed in correlation with those of pathology.The results show that the anatomic and pathologic details of intraocular tumors in human beings can be observed clearly by DEI for the first time,with good visualization of the microscopic details of eyeball ring such as sclera,choroids and other details of intraocular organelles.And the best resolution of DEI images reaches up to the magnitude of several tens of μm.The results suggest that it is capable of exhibiting clearly the details of intraocular tumor using DEI method.     

X‐ray diffractometry and topography of lattice plane curvature in thermally deformed Si wafer

The correlation between the microscopic lattice plane curvature and the dislocation structure in thermal warpage of 200 mm‐diameter Czochralski Si (001) wafers has been investigated using high‐resolution X‐ray diffractometry and topography. It is found that the (004) lattice plane curvature is locally confined between two neighboring slip bands, with the rotation axis parallel to the slip bands. High‐resolution topography reveals that the curvature resulted from a fragmented dislocation structure. The local confinement is attributed to the multiplication of the dislocations that are generated between the two slip bands.     

X射线衍射增强成像中的折射衬度

根据X射线在界面处的折射过程,推导出X射线在物体中折射偏转角度的表达式;从X射线双晶衍射的原理出发,讨论了衍射增强成像(DEI)技术的空间分辨率和电子密度的衬度分辨率,明确了折射衬度在DEI技术中的表现形式,并从实验上进行了验证.利用不同能量的X射线获得了人肝病理样品中血管的DEI清晰图像,讨论了折射衬度在其中所起的作用.     

衍射增强成像信息分离方法研究

衍射增强成像（DEI）是一种功能强大的相位衬度成像技术,对于软组织,它能获得比基于吸收的传统X射线成像技术更高的衬度.研究了一种基于DEI的信息分离方法,它能同时获得三种参数图像,即吸收像、折射像和小角散射像.信息分离利用解析方程求解,获得的参数图像质量取决于在三个不同的分析晶体角度处获得的DEI图像.利用矩阵条件数对方程求解的稳定性进行了讨论,推导出理论上的折射角和小角散射宽度的最大值.最后,利用豚鼠耳蜗DEI图像对研究结果进行了验证. 关键词： 信息分离 衍射增强成像 矩阵条件数 豚鼠耳蜗     

Propagation of an X‐ray beam modified by a photonic crystal

A method of calculating the transmission of hard X‐ray radiation through a perfect and well oriented photonic crystal and the propagation of the X‐ray beam modified by a photonic crystal in free space is developed. The method is based on the approximate solution of the paraxial equation at short distances, from which the recurrent formula for X‐ray propagation at longer distances is derived. A computer program for numerical simulation of images of photonic crystals at distances just beyond the crystal up to several millimetres was created. Calculations were performed for Ni inverted photonic crystals with the [111] axis of the face‐centred‐cubic structure for distances up to 0.4 mm with a step size of 4 µm. Since the transverse periods of the X‐ray wave modulation are of several hundred nanometres, the intensity distribution of such a wave is changed significantly over the distance of several micrometres. This effect is investigated for the first time.     

X射线衍射增强成像中的信息分离和信息处理

人们已经利用X射线的高穿透性,发展了较为成熟的X射线成像理论和技术. X射线成像已经广泛应用于众多领域.传统X射线成像受生物样品中组织间吸收系数差别较小和散射噪声较大两个因素的限制,不易利用这种方法获得生物组织的信息. 衍射增强成像方法不但能将有害的散射噪声滤除,而且能利用样品的折射信息, 是一种具有发展潜力的新成像方法. 本文利用衍射增强成像, 通过在摇摆曲线不同部位成像, 然后对信息处理, 得到了清晰的吸收像、消光(小角散射滤除)像、小角散射(角)宽度像和折射像,最后通过一定的算法将各种成分的像合成, 形成细节部位清晰的合成伪彩色像.     

Electromagnetic waves in uniaxial crystals with metallized boundaries: Mode conversion,pure reflections,and bulk polaritons

A theory is constructed for the reflection of plane electromagnetic waves in uniaxial crystals with a positive definite permittivity tensor and an arbitrarily oriented metallized boundary. The problem is solved both for general-position orientations corresponding to three-partial reflection and for special conditions allowing two-partial reflections: mode conversions when the incident and reflected waves belong to different sheets of the refraction surface and “pure” reflections when both waves belong to the same sheet. The space of pure reflections is shown to be formed by two types of optical-axis orientations: arbitrary directions in the plane of the crystal surface and in the plane of incidence. The configurations of the conversion surface for optically positive and negative crystals are investigated. A subspace of pure reflections that transform into one-partial bulk polaritons with the energy flux parallel to the surface at grazing incidence has been found. The domain of existence of such bulk eigenmodes is bounded by two “lines” of solutions. These are any directions along the boundary containing the optical axis for ordinary polaritons and the direction along the projection of the optical axis onto the surface at an arbitrary orientation of the axis with respect to the boundary for extraordinary polaritons.