SENSITIVE ERROR ANALYSIS OF CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION

We study the synchronizing sensitive errors of chaotic systems for adding other signals to the synchronizing signal. Based on the model of the Henon map masking, we examine the cause of the sensitive errors of chaos synchronization. The modulation ratio and the mean square error are defined to measure the synchronizing sensitive errors by quality. Numerical simulation results of the synchronizing sensitive errors are given for masking direct current, sinusoidal and speech signals, separately. Finally, we give the mean square error curves of chaos synchronizing sensitivity and three-dimensional phase plots of the drive system and the response system for masking the three kinds of signals.     

A unified approach to fuzzy modelling and robust synchronization of different hyperchaotic systems

In this paper, a Takagi Sugeno （T-S） fuzzy model-based method is proposed to deal with the problem of synchronization of two identical or different hyperchaotic systems. The T S fuzzy models with a small number of fuzzy IF-THEN rules are employed to represent many typical hyperchaotic systems exactly. The benefit of employing the T-S fuzzy models lies in mathematical simplicity of analysis. Based on the T-S fuzzy hyperchaotic models, two fuzzy controllers arc designed via parallel distributed compensation （PDC） and exact linearization （EL） techniques to synchronize two identical hyperchaotic systems with uncertain parameters and two different hyperchaotic systems, respectively. The sufficient conditions for the robust synchronization of two identical hyperchaotic systems with uncertain parameters and the asymptotic synchronization of two different hyperchaotic systems are derived by applying the Lyapunov stability theory. This method is a universal one of synchronizing two identical or different hyperchaotic systems. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed fuzzy model and hyperchaotic synchronization scheme.     

Robust pre-specified time synchronization of chaotic systems by employing time-varying switching surfaces in the sliding mode control scheme

In the conventional chaos synchronization methods, the time at which two chaotic systems are synchronized, is usually unknown and depends on initial conditions. In this work based on Lyapunov stability theory a sliding mode controller with time-varying switching surfaces is proposed to achieve chaos synchronization at a pre-specified time for the first time. The proposed controller is able to synchronize chaotic systems precisely at any time when we want. Moreover, by choosing the time-varying switching surfaces in a way that the reaching phase is eliminated, the synchronization becomes robust to uncertainties and exogenous disturbances. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method of stabilizing and synchronizing chaotic systems with complete robustness to uncertainty and disturbances exactly at a pre-specified time.     

超混沌Chen系统和超混沌Roessler系统的异结构同步

用两种不同的方法——主动控制同步法和自适应控制同步法实现超混沌Chen系统和超混沌Roessler系统的异结构同步，各自设计了不同的控制器，使得响应系统与驱动系统同步．当参数已知时，采用主动控制法，方法简单有效且不需要构造Lyapunov函数，实现同步的时间短；当系统参数未知或结构不确定时，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论，给出自适应同步控制器的系统设计过程和参数自适应律，使得系统达到同步同时识别未知参数，数值模拟验证了两种方法的有效性。     

不确定自催化反应扩散时空混沌系统的延时同步

设计了一种延迟同步控制器实现了时空混沌系统之间的同步控制.基于Lyapunov稳定性定理,确定了延迟同步控制器的结构以及系统状态变量之间的误差方程.以自催化反应扩散时空混沌系统为例,仿真模拟验证了该控制器的有效性.进一步设计了参量辨识器,对不确定自催化反应扩散时空混沌系统中的参量进行了有效辨识.通过研究有界噪声影响下系统的同步效果,表明该同步方法具有较好的抗干扰能力. 关键词： 时空混沌 延时同步 参量辨识 有界噪声     

Stability criterion for synchronization of chaotic systems using linear feedback control

This Letter introduces linear balanced feedback control scheme to design controller for the synchronization of two identical chaotic systems based on Lyapunov stability theory and constrained extreme approach. The technique is applied to synchronizing two identical four-scroll chaotic systems and guiding balanced feedback gains design. In accordance with the result of the analysis, an adaptive control scheme is proposed for chaos synchronization when the parametric variations of the response system are uncertain. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme are verified via numerical simulations.     

Detection of Mechanism of Noise-Induced Synchronization between Two Identical Uncoupled Neurons

We investigate the noise-induced synchronization between two identical uncoupled Hodgkin-Huxley neurons with sinusoidal stimulations. The numerical results confirm that the value of critical noise intensity for synchronizing two systems is much less than the magnitude of mean size of the attractor in the original system, and the deterministic feature of the attractor in the original system remains unchanged. This finding is significantly different from the previous work [Phys. Rev. E 67 （2003） 027201] in which the value of the critical noise intensity for synchronizing two systems was found to be roughly equal to the magnitude of mean size of the attractor in the original system, and at this intensity, the noise swamps the qualitative structure of the attractor in the original deterministic systems to synchronize to their stochastic dynamics. Further investigation shows that the critical noise intensity for synchronizing two neurons induced by noise may be related to the structure of interspike intervals of the original systems.     

Synchronization of Chaotic Optical Systems by Remote Feedback Controlling

A dynamical variable feedback scheme is proposed to synchronize chaotic motion of two identical and nearly identical laser systems with an injected signal. The feedback synchronization method works well while the conventional variable-replacement synchronization methods are not realizable. Various practical situations for synchronizing two chaotic laser systems located distance away from each other are taken into account. The application of this synchronization approach to wide range of practical systems is emphasized.     

Anticipating synchronization of chaotic Lur'e systems

In this paper we consider the anticipating synchronization of chaotic time-delayed Lur'e-type systems in a master-slave setting. We introduce three scenarios for anticipating synchronization, and give sufficient conditions for the existence of anticipating synchronizing slave systems in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The results obtained are illustrated on a time-delayed Rossler system and a time-delayed Chua oscillator.     

分数阶Genesio-Tesi系统的混沌动态和同步

本文首先通过数值仿真研究了分数阶Genesio-Tesi系统的混沌动态。发现阶数小于3的分数阶Genesio-Tesi系统存在混沌行为和该分数阶系统存在混沌的最小阶是2.4。然后提出了一种通过标量驱动信号同步分数阶混沌Genesio-Tesi系统的驱动响应同步方法。基于分数阶系统的稳定理论，该同步方法是简单的和理论上严格的。它不需要计算条件Lyapunov指数。仿真结果说明了所提同步方法的有效性。     

A geometric theory of chaotic phase synchronization

A rigorous mathematical treatment of chaotic phase synchronization is still lacking, although it has been observed in many numerical and experimental studies. In this article we address the extension of results on phase synchronization in periodic oscillators to systems with phase coherent chaotic attractors with small phase diffusion. As models of such systems we consider special flows over diffeomorphisms in which the neutral direction is periodically perturbed. A generalization of the Averaging Theorem for periodic systems is used to extend Kuramoto's geometric theory of phase locking in periodically forced limit cycle oscillators to this class of systems. This approach results in reduced equations describing the dynamics of the phase difference between drive and response systems over long time intervals. The reduced equations are used to illustrate how the structure of a chaotic attractor is important in its response to a periodic perturbation, and to conclude that chaotic phase coherent systems may not always be treated as noisy periodic oscillators in this context. Although this approach is strictly justified for periodic perturbations affecting only the phase variable of a chaotic oscillator, we argue that these ideas are applicable much more generally.     

一种新的分段混沌系统的同步控制

利用状态观测器思想构造驱动和响应系统，实现了一个新近提出的分段线性混沌系统的同步控制，并且推导了两个不同初值的系统实现同步的充分条件.理论分析说明该方法对原系统结构没有特殊要求，无需求解Lyapunov函数，适合应用于分段混沌系统.仿真实验的良好结果验证了该算法的有效性，对于不同初值的分段系统均能实现快速同步.同时该算法适用于一类分段混沌系统的同步控制. 关键词： 分段线性混沌系统 状态观测器 同步控制     

Collective behaviour of climate indices in the North Pacific airben sea system and its potential relationships with decadal climate changes

A climate network of six climate indices of the North Pacific air-sea system is constructed during the period of 1948-2009. In order to find out the inherent relationship between the intrinsic mechanism of climate index network and the important climate shift, the synchronization behaviour and the coupling behaviour of these indices are investigated. Results indicate that climate network synchronization happened around the beginning of the 1960s, in the middle of the 1970s and at the beginnings of the 1990s and the 2000s separately. These synchronization states were always followed by the decrease of the coupling coefficient. Each synchronization of the network was well associated with the abrupt phase or trend changes of annually accumulated abnormal values of North Pacific sea-surface temperature and 500-hPa height, among which the one that happened in the middle of the 1970s is the most noticeable climate shift. We can also obtain this mysterious shift from the first mode of the empirical orthogonal function of six indices. That is to say, abrupt climate shift in North Pacific air-sea system is not only shown by the phase or trend changes of climate indices, but also might be indicated by the synchronizing and the coupling of climate indices. Furthermore, at the turning point of 1975, there are also abrupt correlation changes in the yearly mode of spatial degree distribution of the sea surface temperature and 500-hPa height in the region of the North Pacific, which further proves the probability of climate index synchronization and coupling shift in air-sea systems.     

Arbitrary full-state hybrid projective synchronization for chaotic discrete-time systems via a scalar signal

In this paper we present a new projective synchronization scheme,where two chaotic(hyperchaotic) discretetime systems synchronize for any arbitrary scaling matrix.Specifically,each drive system state synchronizes with a linear combination of response system states.The proposed observer-based approach presents some useful features:i) it enables exact synchronization to be achieved in finite time(i.e.,dead-beat synchronization);ii) it exploits a scalar synchronizing signal;iii) it can be applied to a wide class of discrete-time chaotic(hyperchaotic) systems;iv) it includes,as a particular case,most of the synchronization types defined so far.An example is reported,which shows in detail that exact synchronization is effectively achieved in finite time,using a scalar synchronizing signal only,for any arbitrary scaling matrix.     

一种分数阶混沌系统同步的自适应滑模控制器设计

针对分数阶混沌系统的同步问题, 基于滑模控制理论和自适应控制理论, 设计了一个具有较强鲁棒性的分数阶积分滑模面, 并提出了一种自适应滑模控制器在不消除非线性项的情况下实现一类三维分数阶混沌系统同步的方法. 利用所设计的自适应滑膜控制器实现了分数阶Chen系统、分数阶Liu系统以及分数阶Arneodo系统的混沌同步. 数值模拟仿真结果验证了所设计的控制器的有效性和可行性.     

Composite adaptive fuzzy control for synchronizing generalized Lorenz systems

This paper presents a methodology of asymptotically synchronizing two uncertain generalized Lorenz systems via a single continuous composite adaptive fuzzy controller (AFC). To facilitate controller design, the synchronization problem is transformed into the stabilization problem by feedback linearization. To achieve asymptotic tracking performance, a key property of the optimal fuzzy approximation error is exploited by the Mean Value Theorem. The composite AFC, which utilizes both tracking and modeling error feedbacks, is constructed by introducing a series-parallel identification model into an indirect AFC. It is proved that the closed-loop system achieves asymptotic stability under a sufficient gain condition. Furthermore, the proposed approach cannot only synchronize two different chaotic systems but also significantly reduce computational complexity and implemented cost. Simulation studies further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Synchronization mechanism of clapping rhythms in mutual interacting individuals

In recent years, clapping synchronization between individuals has been widely studied as one of the typical synchronization phenomena. In this paper, we aim to reveal the synchronization mechanism of clapping interactions by observing two individuals’ clapping rhythms in a series of experiments. We find that the two synchronizing clapping rhythm series exhibit long-range cross-correlations(LRCCs);that is, the interaction of clapping rhythms can be seen as a strong-anticipation process. Previous studies have demonstrated that the interactions in local timescales or global matching in statistical structures of fluctuation in long timescales can be sources of the strong-anticipation process. However, the origin of the strong anticipation process often appears elusive in many complex systems. Here, we find that the clapping synchronization process may result from the local interaction between two clapping individuals and may result from the more global coordination between two clapping individuals. We introduce two stochastic models for mutually interacting clapping individuals that generate the LRCCs and prove theoretically that the generation of clapping synchronization process needs to consider both local interaction and global matching. This study provides a statistical framework for studying the internal synchronization mechanism of other complex systems. Our theoretical model can also be applied to study the dynamics of other complex systems with the LRCCs, including finance, transportation, and climate.     

Synchronization of coupled oscillators on small-world networks

We investigate the synchronous dynamics of Kuramoto oscillators and van der Pol oscillators on Watts-Strogatz type small-world networks. The order parameters to characterize macroscopic synchronization are calculated by numerical integration. We focus on the difference between frequency synchronization and phase synchronization. In both oscillator systems, the critical coupling strength of the phase order is larger than that of the frequency order for the small-world networks. The critical coupling strength for the phase and frequency synchronization diverges as the network structure approaches the regular one. For the Kuramoto oscillators, the behavior can be described by a power-law function and the exponents are obtained for the two synchronizations. The separation of the critical point between the phase and frequency synchronizations is found only for small-world networks in the theoretical models studied.     

Impulsive Synchronization of Lü Chaotic System Based on Small Impulsive Signal

In this Letter the issue of impulsive synchronization of the Lü chaotic system is developed. We propose an impulsive synchronization scheme of the Lü chaotic system including chaotic systems. Some new and sufficient conditions on varying impulsive distance are established in order to guarantee the synchronizability of the systems using the synchronization method. In particular, some simple conditions are derived in synchronizing the systems by equal impulsive distances. The proposed impulsive synchronization scheme is applied to the Lü chaotic system and the numerical example demonstrates the effectiveness of the method. The boundaries of the stable regions are also estimated.     

输入受限的混沌系统同步控制

在混沌系统的同步控制中, 由于混沌系统对初始状态的敏感性, 一旦两个混沌系统的状态初值偏差大, 其状态同步往往需要高幅值的控制律来达到, 这给同步控制实现带来了困难, 并且在同步控制中, 两个混沌系统的初始值通常是未知的. 本文考虑控制输入受限情况下的混沌同步控制问题, 基于符号函数的近似表示式, 将受限的控制输入建模为连续可微的光滑函数, 在每一个采样点将同步控制误差系统近似为局部最优线性模型并设计连续型线性二次型调节器(LQR)最优控制律. 为降低混沌同步控制律的幅值和维持同步系统采样时刻之间的动态, 设计了等价的离散最优控制律, 并通过调整LQR性能加权矩阵值, 确保同步控制信号不会超出其受限的上界. 最后对统一混沌模型下的三种不同混沌系统同步控制进行了仿真研究. 仿真结果验证了方法的有效性. 关键词： 统一混沌模型 符号函数 输入受限 同步控制