核子质量、 半径及夸克凝聚的核物质密度依赖性

简要介绍核物质中核子的质量、 半径及夸克凝聚的密度依赖关系基于QCD模型和QCD有效场论研究的现状, 并具体介绍整体色对称模型（GCM）的研究结果. GCM研究表明, 在小于临界密度的情况下, 核物质中核子的质量随核物质密度的增大而减小, 核子的半径和夸克凝聚随核物质密度的增大而增大. 当达到临界密度时, 核子质量减小为零, 核子半径变为无限大, 夸克凝聚突变为零, 进而提出一个核物质中手征对称性恢复的新机制. The status of the investigations on the nucleon mass, nucleon radius and quark condensate in the framework of QCD inspired models and QCD effective field theories is briefly reviewed. The results in the global color symmetry model (GCM) are described a little detailedly. The calculated results indicate that, before the maximal density is reached, the mass of a nucleon in nuclear matter decreases, the radius of a nucleon and the quark condensate increase very slowly, with the increase of the nuclear matter density. As the maximal nuclear matter density is reached, the mass of the nucleon vanishes gradually. The radius becomes infinite and the quark condensate vanishes suddenly. A new mechanism for the chiral symmetry restoration in nuclear matter is proposed.     

△-Resonance Effective Mass in Medium

Based on the relativistic chiral effective field theory, we study the effective mass of the △-resonance in medium by investigating the self-energy of the △-resonance related to the πN decay channel in symmetric nuclear matter. We find that the effective mass of △-resonance decreases evidently with increasing nuclear density p. In our calculation, we also consider the influence of the shifts of the nucleon mass, pion mass and its decay constant due to the restoration of chiral symmetry in medium. The results are roughly consistent with the data given by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.     

核介质中强子性质的手征σ模型研究

采用手征σ模型描述核多体系统,考虑真空极化的影响,首先由核物质的饱和性质确定模型参数,进一步研究了强子性质在核介质中的变化。手征σ模型的研究结果给出,核子和ω介子的有效质量随核物质密度的增大而减小,但σ介子的有效质量随密度的增大而增大。这些结果与不满足手征对称性的Walecka模型结果进行了比较。计算中采用的重整化方法会对结果有一定的影响。The modification of hadron masses in nuclear medium is studied by using the chiral sigma model, which is extended to generate the omega meson mass by the sigma condensation in the vacuum in the same way as the nucleon mass. The chiral sigma model provides proper equilibrium properties of nuclear matter. It is shown that the effective masses of both nucleons and omega mesons decrease in nuclear medium, while the effective mass of sigma mesons increases at finite density in the chiral sigma model. The resuits obtained in the chiral sigma model are compared with those obtained in the Walecka model, which includes sigma and omega mesons in a non-chiral fashion.     

△共振态的硬过程及软过程产生截面在同位旋不对称核体系下的介质修正研究

基于一个相对论的BUU方法,研究了△共振态的硬过程（NN → N△）及软过程（Nπ → △）产生截面及△的衰变宽度在同位旋不对称核体系下的介质修正（包括能量、密度、特别是同位旋依赖的）效应。发现类似于核子-核子弹性散射过程,△硬过程产生截面的密度修正及在同位旋不对称体系下的质量劈裂效应都比较强烈,而△的软过程产生截面及衰变宽度的密度依赖和质量劈裂效应都相对较弱。对硬过程,其截面最大的劈裂效应出现在△++和△-的产生道中,而对软过程,△++和△-的产生道中的劈裂效应则最小且与硬过程的相反。Within the framework of the relativistic BUU approach, we investigate the effect of energy-, density-, and especially isospin-dependent medium modifications on △ production cross sections of both hard (NN → N△) and soft (Nπ → △) processes as well as its decay width. It is found that, similar to the nucleon-nucleon elastic scattering, the △ production cross section from the hard process is strongly dependent on both density and the mass splitting effect in the isospin asymmetric matter. While the dependence is relative weak from the soft one, and so is the △ decay width. Further, in the hard (soft) process, the splitting effect is largest (smallest) and of opposite sign for the △++ and △- states.     

利用密度相关的相对论平均场理论对核物质与中子星的研究(英文)

研究和详细地比较了RMF理论中不同的有效相互作用强度的密度依赖性, 并且讨论了这种密度依赖性对于核物质和中子星性质的影响. 对于核物质, 不同的参数组给出的对称核物质的饱和点非常接近, 基本都在经验值的范围内. 对于中子星, 考虑超子后不同参数组给出的质量极限的范围为1.52—2.06 M☉, 半径为10.24—11.38 km.The density dependencies of various effective interaction strengths in the relativistic mean field and their influences on the properties of nuclear matter and neutron stars are studied and carefully compared. The differences of saturation properties given by various effective interactions are subtle in symmetric nuclear matter. The Oppenheimer Volkoff mass limits of neutron stars calculated from different equations of state are 1.52—2.06 M☉, and the radii are 10.24—11.38 km with hyperons included.     

Some Aspects of Nuclear Structure in Relativistic Approach

The nucleon effective interaction in the nuclear medium is investigated in the framework of the DiracBrueckner-Hartree-Fock (DBHF) approach. A new decomposition of the Dirac structure of nucleon self-energy in the DBHF is adopted for asymmetric nuclear matter. The properties of finite nuclei are investigated with the nucleon effective interaction. The agreement with the experimental data is satisfactory. The relativistic microscopic optical potential in asymmetric nuclear matter is investigated in the DBHF approach. The proton scattering from nuclei is calculated and compared with the experimental data. A proper treatment of the resonant continuum for exotic nuclei is studied. The width effect of the resonant continuum on the pairing correlation is discussed. The quasiparticle relativistic random phase approximation based on the relativistic mean-field ground state in the response function formalism is also addressed.     

对称核物质中核子-核子散射截面的研究

在扩展的Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF)理论框架下, 采用Argonne V₁₄ 两体相互作用势研究了对称核物质中核子-核子散射的总截面和微分截面, 分别讨论了三体核力(TBF)重排效应和基态关联效应对全同和非全同核子散射截面的影响。 计算表明: 低动量区域的基态关联效应会导致介质中核子-核子散射截面的增大; 而随着密度的增加,TBF重排效应的逐渐加强会减小介质中的核子-核子散射截面。 The nucleon nucleon cross sections in symmetric nuclear matter were investigated in the framework of the extended Brueckner-Hartree-Fock(BHF) approach with Argonne V₁₄ two body interaction. The influences of the ground state correlation and the rearrangement contribution of the three body force (TBF) on the cross section have been obtained and discussed separately for identical and non identical nucleon collisions. It is shown that the magnitudes of the cross section are increased by the effects of the ground state correlation in low momentum transfers,and are suppressed in medium with increasing density when the rearrangement contribution of the TBF force is considered.     

核物质中K介子有效质量与非线性效应

分析了核物质标量密度和矢量密度对K介子有效质量的影响．使用非线性σ-ω-ρ模型和相对论平均场理论，给出了核物质标量密度和矢量密度的近似关系曲线，并与线性σ-ω模型的情况进行了比较．利用这一关系，改进了K介子有效质量和核物质密度之间存在的依赖关系，比较不同模型对K介子有效质量的影响．同时也计算了纯中子物质中K介子在不同模型下的有效质量曲线，并与在对称核物质中的情况进行了比较．We investigate the effect of the nuclear vector density ρ_B and the scalar density ρ_S on in-medium kaon and antikaon effective masses. Based on nonlinear σ-ω-ρ model in the relativistic mean-field approximation, we obtained the relation between the two nuclear densities both σ-ω model and σ-ω-ρ model. By (using) the relation, we improve the dependence of in-medium kaon and antikaon effective masses. We also studied the differences of kaon and antikaon effective mass abtained by...     

The density-and isospin-dependent ?-formation cross section and its decay width

The energy-, density-, and isospin-dependent ?-formation cross section σ_(Nπ→?)~* and ?-decay width are calculated based on the relativistic BUU approach in which the effective mass splitting of nucleon and ? baryons in isospin-asymmetric matter is considered by the inclusion of the δ meson exchange in the effective Lagrangian density and the density-dependent coupling constants of Hofmann et al. The results show that the σ_(Nπ→?)~* is decreased(increased) moderately with increasing density with(without)the consideration of medium modifications on pion mass. Meanwhile, if the invariant mass of the system is not far from the ?pole mass, the ?-decay width is also weakly dependent on density. The mass splitting effect of differently charged nucleon and ?baryons on σ_(Nπ→?)~* is found to be more obvious than that of pion mesons but much weaker than the mass splitting in the hard ?production channel NN → N?. Further, the largest mass-splitting influence is seen in the π~-p → ?~0 and π~+n → ?~+ channels but not in the production of ?~- and ?~(++) isobars.     

Some Properties of π Meson in Nuclear Matter with Finite Density

In the GCM we study some properties of π meson as the Goldstone bosons in a nuclear matter with finite density.Using the effective action in a nuclear matter,we calculate the decay constant and π mass as functions of the chemical potential.The relation between the chemical potential and the density of a nuclear matter is firstly given here.We find that fπ and mπ monotonously decrease as nuclear matter density increases.The result is consistent with the usual assumption that the chiral symmetry is gradually restored as the density of a nuclear matter increases.     

基于Pluto事件产生器对兰州强子物理谱仪上主要反应道的模拟研究

为了在 GeV 能区开展核子核子相互作用中强子的产生和衰变的实验研究, 将在 HIRFL CSR 主环上建造一台兰州强子物理谱仪（HPLUS）。 首先结合 HPLUS 的初步构型阐明了针对不同极角区域的粒子鉴别方法, 接着介绍了在蒙特卡罗模拟中使用的 Pluto 事件产生器, 并针对 HPLUS上主要的反应道模拟研究了: Pluto 产生的质子质子弹性散射的角分布和实验数据的符合程度; 在产生 K 介子的反应道中, HPLUS 前角区对 K 介子的接收度; 强子衰变产生光子的最大能量和两个光子的最小夹角随极角区域的变化情况; 不同的重建方法对核子激发态质量谱形状的影响。以上研究说明了 Pluto 事件产生器可以满足 HPLUS 模拟的需要。 Hadron Physics Lanzhou Spectrometer (HPLUS) is designed for the study of hadron production and decay from nucleon nucleon interaction in the GeV region. The current formation of HPLUS and the particle identification methodsfor three polar angle regions are discussed. The Pluto event generator is applied to simulate the primary reactions on HPLUS, concerning four issues as followed: the agreement on pp elastic scattering angular distribution between Pluto samples and experimental data; the acceptance of charged K mesons in the strangeness production channels for the forward region of HPLUS; thedependence of the maximum energy of photons and the minimum vertexangle of two photons on the polar angle; the influence on the mass spectrum of excited states of nucleon with large resonant width from different reconstruction methods. It is proved that the Pluto event generator satisfies the requirements of Monte Carlo simulation for HPLUS.     

奇异强子物质的有效模型描述

把 FST模型推广到包含奇异性的情形,并在平均场近似下用它来研究含有核子、Λ超子和Ξ超子的奇异强子物质的性质.讨论了有效重子质量对介质密度和奇异数含量的依赖性以及奇异强子物质的饱和性和稳定性. The strange hadronic matter with nucleon, Λ hyperon and Ξ hyperonis was studied by using an effective model in a mean field approximation. The density dependence of the effective baryon masses as well as the saturation properties and stabilities of the strange hadronic matter were discussed. The result indicates a quite large strangeness fraction range where the multi hyperon nuclear matter is stable against particle emission. In the large strangeness fraction region the Ξ component dominates...     

Re-study of Nucleon Pole Contribution in J/ψ → NN^-π Decay

We re-study nucleon pole contribution in J/ψ → NN^-π decays by including the imaginary part for the propagator of the off-shell nucleon with energy above π N threshold. It is found that when including the imaginary part in the propagator, the branching ratio of the decay width will descend about 11% compared with the result without including the imaginary part, no matter whether including the off-shell form factors or not. It also leads to a phase of up to 25° for the off-shell nucleon propagator at invariant mass around 1400 MeV. This effect needs to be considered for detailed partial wave analysis of N^＊ resonances around this mass region.     

Isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass and symmetry energy in isotopic nuclear reactions

Within an isospin and momentum dependent transport model, the dynamics of isospin particles(nucleons and light clusters) in Fermi-energy heavy-ion collisions are investigated for constraining the isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass and the symmetry energy at subsaturation densities. The impacts of the isoscalar and isovector parts of the momentum dependent interaction on the emissions of isospin particles are explored, i.e., the mass splittings of m_n~*=m_p~* and m_n~* m_p~*(m_n~* m_p~*). The single and double neutron to proton ratios of free nucleons and light particles are thoroughly investigated in the isotopic nuclear reactions of ~(112)Sn+~(112)Sn and ~(124)Sn+~(124)Sn at incident energies of 50 and 120 MeV/nucleon, respectively. It is found that both the effective mass splitting and symmetry energy impact the kinetic energy spectra of the single ratios, in particular at the high energy tail(larger than 20 Me V). The isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass slightly impacts the double ratio spectra at the energy of 50 MeV/nucleon. A soft symmetry energy with stiffness coefficient of γ_s =0.5 is constrained from the experimental data with the Fermi-energy heavy-ion collisions.     

铅以上核结团放射性再研究(英文)

在密度依赖的结团模型下重新研究了铅以上原子核的结团放射性。根据由核电荷半径以及中子皮厚度的实验数据所提炼的子核和结团密度分布，通过双折叠模型得到了关键的结团-核芯作用势。然后结合库仑波函数边界条件求解了结团-子核相对运动的薛定谔方程，以得到衰变宽度。和我们以往没有考虑子核和结团密度具体分布的计算结果相比，现在得到的结团放射性衰变宽度明显增大。另外，随着结团中心越来越高的密度压低，衰变宽度的计算值会减小。We revisit the cluster emission from trans-lead nuclei within the density dependent cluster model. According to the refined density distribution of daughter and cluster via the available experimental data on nuclear charge radii and neutron skin thickness, the crucial cluster-core potential is constructed by the double-folding model. Then the Schrödinger equation of the cluster-core relative motion is solved along the outgoing Coulomb wave function boundary condition to obtain the decay width. The present decay width of cluster radioactivity is clearly augmented as compared to our previous results without the specific concern of the density distribution of daughter and cluster. Moreover, the computed decay width reduces along with the increasingly depressed density in the cluster center.     

Hyperon coupling dependence of hadron matter properties in relativistic mean field model

The properties of hadronic matter at β equilibrium in a wide range of densities are described by appropriate equations of state in the framework of the relativistic mean field model. Strange meson fields, namely the scalar meson field σ＊（975） and the vector meson field φ（1020）, are included in the present work. We discuss and compare the results of the equation of state, nucleon effective mass, and strangeness fraction obtained by adopting the TM1, TMA, and GL parameter sets for nuclear sector and three different choices for the hypcron couplings. We find that the parameter set TM1 favours the onset of hyperons most, while at high densities the GL parameter set leads to the most hyperon-rich matter. For a certain parameter set （e.g. TM1）, the most hyperon-rich matter is obtained for the hyperon potential model. The influence of the hyperon couplings on the effective mass of nucleon, is much weaker than that on the nucleon parameter set. The nonstrange mesons dominate essentially the global properties of dense hyperon matter. The hyperon potential model predicts the lowest value of the neutron star maximum mass of about 1.45 Msun to be 0.4--0.5 Msun lower than the prediction by using the other choices for hyperon couplings.[第一段]     

格点核子-核子势在核物质中的相对论效应(英文)

利用最新的格点核子-核子势研究了核物质中的相对论效应。通过此格点核子-核子势场,首先我们构建一个包括π介子,σ介子以及ω介子的单玻色子交换势。势场中的介子-核子耦合常数以及截断动量通过拟合格点核力得到的核子-核子散射相移确定。随后采用非常成功的第一性原理多体计算方法Brueckner-Hartree-Fock模型,计算了核物质的基本性质。发现对称核物质的状态方程以及饱和性质在非相对论框架和相对论框架中有很明显的区别。在格点核力中,该相对论效应对核物质的结合能提供吸引的贡献。这与采用传统的核力计算得到的结果是相反的。The relativistic effect in nuclear matter is investigated with the latest lattice nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential. A one-boson-exchange potential (OBEP) including three mesons, pion, σ meson and ω meson was constructed based on the lattice NN potential. The meson-nucleon coupling constants and cutoff momentums are determined by fitting the phase shifts of NN scattering from lattice NN potential. The properties of nuclear matter with this OBEP from lattice potential are calculated by one very successful ab initio many-body method, Brueckner-Hartree-Fock model. The equations of state and saturation properties of symmetric nuclear matter present very obvious different behaviors in non-relativistic and relativistic frameworks. The relativistic effect plays attractive contributions with the components of S and D waves in lattice NN potential, which is opposite comparing to the relativistic effect from the conventional NN potential.     

非对称核物质中核子动量分布的微观理论计算(英文)

在Extended Brueckner Hartree Fock（EBHF）近似下, 采用Argonne V18势作为核子 核子相互作用, 计算了基态非对称核物质中核子动量的分布。 对核子的动量分布对同位旋不对称度的依赖关系进行了描述和讨论。 结果表明, 在不对称度为零时, 质子与中子有着基本相同的动量分布。 随着不对称度的增加, 在各自的费米面以下, 质子动量分布减小而中子动量分布增大。 对费米面处的准粒子强度也进行了计算和讨论。 本结果较好地满足了两个理论检验标准Migdal Luttinger theorem 和粒子数守恒律。 We calculate the momentum distribution of nucleons in asymmetric nuclear matter within the framework of the extended Brueckner Hartree Fock approximation at zero temperature, use Argonne V18 potential as two nucleons potential. The isospin asymmetry dependence of the nucleon momentum distribution predicted and discussed. It is shown that as the asymmetry increases, the proton momentum distribution become smaller while the neutron one gets higher below their respective Fermi surfaces with respect to their common values in symmetric nuclear matter. The quasi particle strength at the Fermi momentum also calculated and discussed, we got an improved fulfillment of the Migdal Luttinger theorem and nucleon number conservation.     

K介子协变动力学及其准粒子模型的性质

简要综述了中高能重离子碰撞中K介子的产生及研究进展。重点介绍了K介子协变动力学模型, 并在此框架内分析了中高能重离子碰撞中K+介子以及与其伴随产生的Λ超子的集体流特征。 结果表明: 协变动力学模型能够很好地给出K+介子和Λ超子的微分直接流。 相对而言, 软势给出的集体流与实验值符合更好。同时, 通过对不同输运模型中K介子准粒子模型的基本属性进行对比分析, 明确了协变动力学模型中K介子准粒子模型的质量及能量随核物质密度的变化特征, 以及周围核子的运动对于K介子基本属性的影响。In the present paper, we briefly review the progress in the study of kaon production in heavy\|ion collisions at intermediate and high energies and introduce the covariant kaon dynamics model. The collective flows of positively charged kaon and the lambda hyperon associated produced with kaon are studied in the framework of the dynamics. It shows that the directed differential flow of K+ meson and Λ hyperon can be reasonably reproduced in the covariant kaon dynamics model. The calculated results with soft equation of nuclear matter are in better agrement with experimental data. Meawhile, a detailed comparison of the properites of different quasi\|particle models in various transport model and the influence of nucleon’s movement on the effective mass and energy of the quasi\|particle in the covariant kaon dynamics model are discussed.     

Nucleon effective mass in symmetric nuclear matter from the extended Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach

We have calculated the nucleon effective mass in symmetric nuclear matter within the framework of the Brueckner-Bethe-Goldstone (BBG) theory, which has been extended to include both the contributions from the ground-state correlation effect and the three-body force (TBF) rearrangement effect. The effective mass is predicted by including the ground-state correlation effect and the TBF rearrangement effect, and we discuss the momentum dependence and the density dependence of the effective mass. It is shown that the effect of ground state correlations plays an important role at low densities, while the TBF-induced rearrangement effect becomes predominant at high densities.