基于自适应遗传算法的爆炸冲击响应谱时域重构优化方法

为解决现有爆炸冲击响应谱(Shock Response Spectrum,SRS)加速度重构方法依赖于大量试验数据的问题,对比了阻尼正弦与小波两种不同加速度重构方法在合成爆炸冲击响应谱时的性能。将对重构SRS质量的评估转化为与目标谱匹配度的最小值优化问题,并首次将自适应遗传算法(Adaptive Genetic Algorithm, AGA)应用于SRS重构的优化问题中。对比了交叉先行、变异先行和不定向3种不同的AGA在爆炸冲击响应谱时域重构优化中的性能,并与基本遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)进行对比。结果表明,AGA的优化结果比GA有较大幅度的改善,且不定向AGA所得结果是3种AGA方法中最好的,其SRS各频点数值均在(–3/+6)dB容差范围之内,与目标谱的匹配度更好。仿真对比算例验证了该方法在冲击响应谱的时域重构应用中具有较高的准确性和实用性,为进一步提高航天器结构在爆炸冲击载荷下响应的计算精度提供了支撑。     

金属蜂窝夹芯结构抗水下冲击性能

为揭示高强度水下爆炸冲击载荷作用下金属夹芯结构的抗冲击性能,在实验室开展小尺寸水下爆炸加载技术对金属蜂窝夹芯结构性能影响的实验研究。基于实验结果,开展了全尺寸数值模拟金属蜂窝夹芯结构在水下冲击载荷作用下的动态响应和抗冲击性能研究。结果表明,数值模拟、实验和理论模型计算的结果具有良好的一致性。由于蜂窝芯材相对密度对夹芯结构能量耗散方式和载荷传递机制的影响,结构动态响应、失效模式以及抗冲击性能随着冲击强度的变化表现出较为明显的不同。通过抗冲击参数分析,建立了反映金属蜂窝夹芯结构抗冲击性能的结构横向变形、固支反力、透射脉冲和塑性能耗随冲击强度和芯材相对密度变化的结构-载荷-性能量化关系。     

材料预加热冲击压缩实验技术及高温下不锈钢的动态响应

 建立了用于轻气炮上冲击压缩实验的材料预加热系统及相关实验技术。介绍这一系统的原理、构造及操作。利用这一系统，在加载幅度8 GPa的恒定载荷下，得到了初始温度300～980 K范围内HR-2抗氢不锈钢的动态响应特性，包括层裂强度、Hugoniot弹性极限、卸载声速及它们随温度的变化规律。     

全浸水带间隙发射高速射弹的入水冲击载荷分析

全浸水带间隙发射方式可以将发射环境由水介质转化为气体介质。为了研究高速射弹在此条件下的入水冲击载荷,建立了射弹入水冲击载荷的理论模型。针对射弹在入水速度、头部锥角和入水攻角不同情况下的入水冲击载荷进行了计算,分析了入水速度、射弹头部参数和入水攻角对冲击载荷的影响。研究结果对全水下高速射弹入水冲击载荷的预测和射弹头部结构的设计具有重要意义。     

射流冲击模型在水下爆炸实验中的应用研究

 为研究射流冲击载荷对结构的作用效果,从理论和数值角度研究了射流的载荷特性,以舱段模型实验为研究对象,建立了射流计算模型,结合实验数据,对射流冲击问题进行了分析。结果表明,射流冲击能够造成结构强烈的局部响应,某些情况下,射流冲击载荷引起的结构响应甚至比冲击波载荷引起的响应更大。因此,中近场水下爆炸实验需要考虑射流的影响。建立的射流模型能够较好地反映射流冲击的载荷特性,为水下爆炸实验分析提供了一种新的手段。     

像增强器光阴极在热冲击环境下噪声频谱分析

利用自行设计的CMETS005型检测与光谱测试系统对微光瞄准镜进行测试,完成了像增强器光阴极在热冲击环境下的噪声频谱特性测试。试验与分析结果表明:像增强器经过温度冲击后的噪声功率谱在0~1kHz范围内随频率增加而变化较大,呈1/f噪声特性。当环境温度升高时,光电阴极中的热致电流密度增大,从而导致微光瞄准镜观察景物图像时的对比度与鉴别率降低,最后引起夜视系统探测目标性能的下降。     

边缘局域模热流冲击下偏滤器铜夹层疲劳行为的数值模拟

采用有限元方法对偏滤器单块铜夹层在高热通量(HHF)和边缘局域模(ELMs)叠加载荷条件下的热力响应和热疲劳行为展开了细致的数值模拟，结果表明：(1) ELMs 瞬态热冲击引起的铜夹层损伤将与HHF 载荷引起的损伤相耦合；(2) 在HHF 和ELMs 叠加载荷作用下，夹层的疲劳寿命不断下降，下降的幅度随着ELMs 峰值和时均热流密度的增加而非线性增大；(3) 夹层疲劳寿命的缩短对ELMs 峰值热流密度和频率更为敏感。     

冲击作用下非均质炸药热点形成的离散元方法

用离散元方法模拟以HMX为基的塑料粘结炸药与HMX颗粒炸药在冲击载荷作用下的细观响应过程.结果表明对于HMX颗粒炸药,炸药颗粒界面处的温度及压力远高于颗粒内部;对于HMX为基的塑料粘结炸药,粘结剂处的温度及压力亦高于颗粒内部;两种冲击响应过程的对比分析表明,粘结剂有效地降低了炸药颗粒边界处的温度及压力.     

榍石的冲击高压行为与辐照损伤效应对比研究

高压和辐照这两种极端条件会造成晶体材料的晶体结构发生改变或损伤。以榍石(CaTiSiO_5)为研究对象,利用冲击高压和样品回收技术,探索冲击高压作用后结构的变化规律,并与辐照造成的损伤榍石作对比研究,认识冲击高压与辐照造成榍石结构损伤的异同。研究表明:冲击高压作用下,晶态的榍石出现结构损伤和非晶化,出现类似于榍石的辐照损伤现象,但具体过程和受损的晶体结构有明显不同。具体表现为:X射线衍射、红外和拉曼光谱的特征峰强度减弱,谱线变宽,细节丢失;冲击高压导致晶态榍石拉曼光谱的Ti–O伸缩振动主峰出现红移,与辐照损伤蜕晶化过程出现的蓝移相反。此外,晶胞参数a、b、c和晶胞体积V减小,与辐照损伤过程相反。     

冲击载荷下仿贝壳砖泥结构的动态响应

贝壳作为典型的抗冲击生物材料,具有轻质、高强、高韧等优异性能。通过构建仿贝壳砖泥结构有限元模型,并对其在落锤冲击载荷下的动态响应进行数值模拟,分析了堆叠层数、冲击速度及锤头类型对仿贝壳砖泥结构能量吸收性能的影响。结果表明:5类堆叠层数下的仿贝壳砖泥结构的比吸能呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,并且在所设计的5类堆叠层数结构中,3层仿贝壳砖泥结构具有最大的比吸能,其值较比吸能最小的单层结构提高了10.8%;随着冲击速度的提升,结构载荷峰值及能量吸收均略有增大;相同锤径下,圆柱形锤头较半球形锤头更易穿透模型。     

层错四面体对单晶铜层裂行为影响的分子动力学研究

层错四面体是一种典型的三维空位型缺陷,广泛存在于受辐照后的面心立方金属材料中,对材料的力学性能有显著的影响.目前,关于层错四面体对辐照材料层裂行为的影响还缺乏深入系统的研究.本文使用分子动力学方法模拟了含有层错四面体的单晶铜在不同冲击速度下的层裂行为,对整个冲击过程中的自由表面速度及微结构演化等进行了深入的分析.研究发现,层错四面体在冲击波作用下会发生坍塌,并进一步诱导材料产生位错、层错等缺陷.在中低速度加载下,层错四面体坍塌引起的缺陷快速向周围扩展,为孔洞提供了更宽的形核区域,促进了孔洞的异质成核,造成材料层裂强度大幅度减小.当冲击速度较高时,层错四面体坍塌导致的局部缺陷对材料的层裂强度不再有明显影响.     

两种光纤探针在冲击波作用下的时间响应特性

 对冲击波参数的测量开发了两种光纤探针，以满足强电磁环境和冲击压力较低的情况。一种是冲击自发光光纤探针，另一种是闪光隙光纤探针。这两种光纤探针分别利用融凝石英在受到冲击压缩时发光和氩气（或空气）隙在受到压缩时会产生很强的光辐射的机理研制而成的。自发光光纤探针在大于70 GPa冲击压力下，其信号上升时间在1~3 ns之间；闪光隙光纤探针在10～30 GPa的冲击压力下，其信号上升时间稳定在2~7 ns之间。     

Influence of stress state on the evolution of misfit dislocation networks in a Ni‐based single crystal superalloy

The structural evolution of interfacial dislocation networks in a Ni‐based single crystal superalloy under various stress states was simulated by molecular dynamics (MD). From the simulation, we found that the dislocation network exhibits different deformation and damage mechanisms under various stress states. The square dislocation network at the (100) phase interface is the easiest to damage under a [100] uniaxial load, but more difficult to damage when multi‐axial loads are applied. This suggests that the application of a [100] direction axial load is the key factor for the damage of the square dislocation network, which leads to failure of the Ni‐based single crystal superalloy under the [100] axial centrifugal load. Moreover, based on MD simulations, the effects of the stress state on γ′ rafting were explored. The results indicate that the morphology of γ′ raft depends on the damage structures of the dislocation network under various stress states.     

<100> LiF的低压冲击响应和1550 nm波长下的窗口速度修正

利用平板撞击和激光干涉测试技术对<100> LiF在40 GPa内的冲击力学和光学特性进行了精密实验测量和理论分析. 获得了该压力范围内LiF的冲击雨贡纽关系和1550 nm波长下的窗口速度修正, 为相关加窗激光干涉测速实验的数据分析提供了直接依据. LiF在20.3 GPa内均表现出弹性-塑性双波特性, 预计其单波响应冲击压力下限约为22—23 GPa; 低于此压力时, 以LiF为窗口的精密剖面测量实验需考虑其强度影响.     

多孔脆性介质冲击波压缩破坏的细观机理和图像

本文采用一种具有良好定量性质的离散元模型研究了带孔洞的各向同性脆性介质在细观尺度上的压缩破坏特征. 通过对孤立孔洞、三种简单的孔洞排布方式和大量孔洞随机排布等几种情况的模拟, 认识到了剪切破坏和局域拉伸破坏是冲击波压缩下多孔介质的基本破坏模式; 孔洞之间的损伤贯通会促进孔洞在较低应力下发生塌缩, 但损伤区的应力松弛过程却会对一定范围内的介质起到损伤屏蔽作用; 不同区域中损伤促进和损伤屏蔽的综合效果是在多孔脆性介质中形成一种高损伤区与低损伤区间错排布的奇特损伤分布. 本文的研究结果为深入理解脆性材料冲击波压缩破坏的演化过程和机理提供了细观尺度上的初步物理图像.     

Pyrotechnic shock response predictions combining statistical energy analysis and local random phase reconstruction

Numerous pyrotechnic devices are used on satellites to separate structural subsystems, deploy appendages, and activate on-board operating subsystems. The firing of these pyrotechnic mechanisms leads to severe impulsive loads which could sometimes lead to failures in electronic systems. The objective of the present investigation is to assess the relevance of a method combining deterministic calculations and statistical energy analysis to predict the time overall shock environment of electronic equipment components. The methods are applied to the low- and high-frequency ranges, respectively, which may be defined using a modal parameter based on the effective transmissibility. Initially, in order to address the problem of the low-frequency content of the mechanical shock pulse, the linear dynamic response of the equipment was calculated using direct time integration of a finite element model of the structure. The inputs in the form of the accelerations measured in all three directions at each of the four bolted interfaces were injected into the model. The high-frequency content of the shock response is taken into account by considering the intrinsic dynamic filtering of the equipment. This frequency filter magnitude is extrapolated from the transfer function given by statistical energy analysis between the different imposed accelerations and the response accelerations. Their associated phases are synthesized by considering pseudo-modal phase variations around the group velocity of the structural flexural waves. Combining the effects of the high-frequency filter outputs and the low-frequency finite element calculations yields good predictions of the equipment shock time response over the whole frequency range of interest.     

Dynamics of a spin-boson model with structured spectral density

We report the results of a study of the dynamics of a two-state system coupled to an environment with peaked spectral density. An exact analytical expression for the bath correlation function is obtained. Validity range of various approximations to the correlation function for calculating the population difference of the system is discussed as function of tunneling splitting, oscillator frequency, coupling constant, damping rate and the temperature of the bath. An exact expression for the population difference, for a limited range of parameters, is derived.     

基于有限差分法刚性圆柱体涡激振动响应特性数值研究

基于尾流振子模型对刚性圆柱体涡激振动响应特性进行数值研究.建立圆柱体结构振子及尾流振子之间的耦合方程,基于二阶精度中心差分格式对耦合模型先离散后迭代进行求解.对不同质量比及不同阻尼比圆柱体涡激振动响应的无量纲位移、无量纲升力、频率比及锁定区间等参数进行分析.结果表明数值方法可以很好地模拟刚性圆柱体的涡激振动响应特性.随着质量比的增加,锁定开始点逐渐延后,锁定结束点逐渐提前,锁定区间宽度逐渐变窄.     

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With the finite element software, comprehensive numerical simulations on thermal/mechanical response and fatigue behaviors of divertor monoblock Cu interlayer under combined loads of high heat flux (HHF) and edge localized modes (ELMs) were conducted. The results show that: (1) the plastic damages induced by transient heat shock of ELMs will be coupled with damage by HHF loads in interlayer of copper; (2) under the combined loads of HHF and ELMs, the fatigue life of the interlayer continues to decrease and the magnitude of the decrease is nonlinearly increased with the peak and time-averaged heat flux of the ELMs; (3) the fatigue life reduction of the interlayer more sensitive to the peak heat flux and frequency of ELMs under the same time-averaged heat flux conditions.     

LOCAL-MODE RESONANCE AND ITS STRUCTURAL EFFECTS UNDER HORIZONTAL GROUND SHOCK EXCITATIONS

The dynamic response of building structures has been studied extensively for relatively low-frequency seismic actions, and it is established that the seismic response generally is governed by the global-mode vibration, i.e., the vibration in terms of the floor movement. Much less fundamental study has been done regarding the structural response to ground shock excitations with principal frequencies many times of the fundamental frequency of the structural system. Most of the existing code provisions on ground shock control have U001remained empirical. In this paper, it is demonstrated through numerical study and laboratory model testing that the structural response to high-frequency ground shocks have distinctive characteristics as compared to the seismic response, and most significant is the participation of the vibration at the local elemental level. Local-mode resonance could occur when the shock frequency is sufficiently high, and to a large extent it can be uncoupled from the global floor vibration. As a result, large force effects can develop at relatively small floor displacement, rendering the conventional displacement-based criteria inapplicable, while more focus on the stress-strain response is deemed necessary. The results pave a way for further development of more rational criteria for this category of the structural vibration problems.