不同退火条件下Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4-δ单晶输运性质的研究

本文测量了电子型高温超导体Nd1.85Ce0.15 CuO4-δ单晶在不同退火条件下的ab面电阻率(ρ)和热电势(S).电阻率曲线偏离了费米液体理论T2的温度依赖关系和热电势在整个测量温区(15～300 K)都为正值表明在这一体系中有两种载流子共存.基于此,我们提出了一个空穴型窄带叠加在一个电子型宽带的双能带模型.进一步的退火处理实验表明:这一理论模型能很好的解释电阻率和热电势在不同退火条件下的行为,并有助于我们分析在不同退火过程中能带的结构和填充位置的变化.在深度去氧退火过程中,能带结构保持不变的但能带填充度增加使得费米能(EF)上升了;在加氧退火过程中EF位置不变而空穴型窄带变宽了.     

Sm2-xCexCuO4单晶的赝能隙行为研究

我们在电子型超导体Sm1.85Ce0.15CuO4中首次观察到赝能隙的证据.研究了在O2中不同退火时间,单晶Sm1.85Ce0.15CuO4样品的电阻率ρ和热电势S,电阻率ρ的测量结果显示退火后样品高温区电阻率ρ、dρ/dT和热电势的斜率dS/dT斜率增加,意味着载流子浓度下降,与减小Ce掺杂量x的作用等效.所有的样品S～T和ρ～T曲线在某个温度T*下都发生斜率的改变,该转变温度随着退火时间的增加而向高温区移动,而且越来越明显.这可能是因为该温度下赝能隙被打开,热电势曲线在某个温度下存在一个最小值,这是载流子局域化的表现;热电势曲线上50K附近观察到一个明显的声子曳引峰,正的峰值表示载流子符号在低温区发生了改变,即由高温的电子型变为低温的空穴型,与霍尔系数实验中斜率变化一致.     

Nd2CuO4及其微量Zn掺杂单晶样品的传输性质研究

用助溶剂方法高温烧制了电子型超导体母体材料Nd2CuO4及其微量Zn掺杂的单晶样品，并系统地研究了在15-300K范围内样品的电阻率和热电势行为．两者在25-200K之间的温区都表现相同的物理行为—高温区为半导体热激活行为，低温区为二维变程跳跃行为．在206K附近发现了反铁磁转变对热电势行为影响的精细峰和弛豫现象．我们的实验结果表明在180K以上温区载流子的行为不满足传统的能带理论．退火对25K以下的温区的热电势的行为有非常显著的影响，其本征的物理性质还需要深入的研究．     

La1．48Nd0．4Sr0．12CuO4的结构相变研究

用高分辨电镜观察了室温下La1．48Nd0．4Sr0．12CuO4和La1.88Sr0.12CuO4样品的原子结构像，观察到了其中的La2O2层和CuO2层沿c轴方向交叉堆砌．这两个样品的微结构非常相似，说明Nd掺杂没有造成周期性的调制结构．用变温X射线研究了La1．48Nd0．4Sr0．12CuO4样品中低温正交（LTO）到低温四方（LTT）结构相变，给出了晶格常数随温度的演化过程．     

Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4±δ单晶ab面与c方向电阻率的比较

本文通过对Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4±δ单晶ab面(ρab)和c方向电阻率(ρc)的测量,发现未经过氮气退火的样品的ρc与温度成线性依赖关系,但是同一个样品经过氮气退火后的ρc中不仅有一次方的温度依赖关系还有二次方的.这说明样品经过氮气退火后,电子与空穴两种载流子共同参与导电.样品在退火处理前的各向异性比(ρc-ρc0)/(ρab-ρab0)存在强的温度依赖关系,这是由于ρc与温度成线性依赖关系,然而ρab不仅有一次方的温度依赖关系还有二次方的.样品经过退火处理后的各向异性比存在弱的温度依赖赖关系,这是由于ρc与ρab中都同时有一次方和二次方的温度依赖关系.我们用电子和空穴沿c方向有不同的隧穿几率来解释ρc和(ρc-ρc0)/(ρab-ρab0).     

Nd2CuO4及其微量Zn掺杂单晶样品的传输性质研究

用助溶剂方法高温烧制了电子型超导体母体材料Nd2CuO4及其微量Zn掺杂的单晶样品,并系统地研究了在15～300K范围内样品的电阻率和热电势行为.两者在25～200K之间的温区都表现相同的物理行为高温区为半导体热激活行为,低温区为二维变程跳跃行为.在206K附近发现了反铁磁转变对热电势行为影响的精细峰和弛豫现象.我们的实验结果表明在180K以上温区载流子的行为不满足传统的能带理论.退火对25K以下的温区的热电势的行为有非常显著的影响,其本征的物理性质还需要深入的研究.     

Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4±δ单晶ab面与c方向电阻率的比较

本文通过对Nd（1.85）Ce（0.15）CuO（4±δ）单晶ab面（ρab）和c方向电阻率（ρc）的测量,发现未经过氮气退火的样品的ρc与温度成线性依赖关系,但是同一个样品经过氮气退火后的ρc中不仅有一次方的温度依赖关系还有二次方的.这说明样品经过氮气退火后,电子与空穴两种载流子共同参与导电.样品在退火处理前的各向异性比（ρc-ρc0）/（ρab-ρab0）存在强的温度依赖关系,这是由于ρc与温度成线性依赖关系,然而ρab不仅有一次方的温度依赖关系还有二次方的.样品经过退火处理后的各向异性比存在弱的温度依赖赖关系,这是由于ρc与ρab中都同时有一次方和二次方的温度依赖关系.我们用电子和空穴沿c方向有不同的隧穿几率来解释ρc和（ρc-ρc0）/（ρab-ρab0）.     

电子型超导体Sm1.85Ce0.15CuO4单晶的赝能隙行为研究

测量了在O2中退火不同时间的Sm1.85Ce0.15CuO4单晶样品的热电势S与电阻率ρ的温度依赖关系.所有的样品电阻率高温下呈现线性温度依赖行为.未退火的样品在148K发生超导转变,而退火后的样品在低温下发生金属半导体相变,其超导电性消失,表明退火引起了载流子浓度下降,体系进入欠掺杂态.随着温度降低,所有的样品ST和ρT曲线在200K附近(T)都发生斜率的改变,可以用赝能隙现象解释.热电势S在低温下出现一个正的曳引峰,意味着载流子符号发生改变,由电子型转变为空穴型 关键词： 电子型超导体 热电势 赝能隙     

快速测量单晶样品低温热电势的新方法

对传统的热电势倒相测量方法进行了改进,发展了一种快速的、针对毫米级样品的准连续的热电势测量方法,在不降低测量精度的情况下大幅度提高了热电势的测量速度.我们用高温超导材料Nd1.84Ce0.16CuO4单晶样品对该法进行了不同变温速率的测试,并与传统的倒相法进行比较,一定变温速率(<30K/hr)下和传统方法数据吻合很好,有很高的测量精度.由于此法为准连续测量法,变温速率可精确设定,所以对有明显热滞效应的材料如电子型超导体母体材料Nd2CuO4等的热电势测量有十分重要的意义.     

CuO面外Sm掺杂对电子型超导体的影响北大核心CSCD

研究了Nd1.85-x Smx Ce0.15CuO4单晶的热电势S、霍耳系数RH和电阻率.在CuO2平面以外的阳离子格点引入无序,其程度是通过改变Sm含量来控制的.霍耳系数RH的测量证明这种名义掺杂没有改变载流子的密度.热电势S(T)在120K以上可用掺杂的半经验模型来分析,表明有电子的窄能带和宽能带的共存.在这个模型中,无论是态密度的带宽和有效电导率的展宽都随着x的增加而增加,而局域化的趋势随Sm掺杂增加而几乎不变.Sm掺杂对超导转变温度TC的抑制作用很小,这意味着超导TC可能与载流子局域化和巡游电子的能带结构有关.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.