基于禁忌算法优化神经网络的海洋船舶流量预测

为了有效缓解船舶交通拥堵和提高通航效率,对海洋港口和航道管理提供一个更可靠的数据,设计了一种基于禁忌算法优化神经网络的海洋船舶流量预测的方法。首先,建立了基于禁忌算法优化神经网络的海洋船舶流量预测模型。然后,设计了三层的脊波神经网络结构,提出了采用禁忌算法优化脊波神经网络结构参数的具体方法,从而得到一个初始化的脊波神经网络流量预测模型。然后,采用有标签的训练样本数据集对网络进行训练,将满足误差阈值的训练模型作为最终的预测模型。以某港口为例进行仿真实验,结果表明文中得到的预测结果与真实值较为接近,且与其它方法相比,具有更好的预测效果。     

基于ARMA模型的受损限幅器模型建立方法

针对限幅器遭受功能或物理损伤而发生的非线性效应, 给出了一种基于信号分析的受损限幅器非线性效应研究新视角, 并从该视角出发, 提出了模型建立方法。该方法首先测得受损限幅器幅频响应序列, 将其转化为零均值实平稳序列; 然后计算该序列的自相关函数和偏相关函数, 估计自回归滑动平均(ARMA)模型的阶数; 最后采用最小二乘法估计出模型的表达式, 并采用最终预测误差(FPE)准则对该表达式进行校验。试验结果和理论分析验证了该方法的良好效果。     

基于Elman神经网络的装备状态组合预测方法

针对单一预测模型在利用多维状态特征信息进行状态预测时效果常常不够理想的情况,提出以灰色理论等模型作为单项预测模型,运用Elman神经网络进行变权组合预测的建模方法;考虑神经网络容易因过拟合导致预测时泛化能力变差的问题,运用遗传算法对神经网络隐层节点数和训练误差阈值进行优化求解,建立了完整的基于Elman神经网络的组合预测建模方法;最后,通过案例分析验证了该预测方法的有效性,结果表明组合预测能够将三步以内的预测相对误差控制在10%以内,大大优于定权组合预测模型。     

光谱油样分析监测技术中的神经网络预测方法

光谱油样分析是机械磨损状态监测与故障诊断的重要技术,基于光谱数据的机械状态预测有利于发现机械系统的早期磨损故障。由于神经网络对于非线性模型的辨识和非平稳信号的预测,与传统预测模型相比具有明显的优势,文章将神经网络预测方法运用于光谱分析,提出了基于神经网络预测的光谱分析监测技术。在预测模型中采用了三层BP网络模型,针对神经网络的结构对于信号预测或模型辨识的精度具有影响很大的问题,文章利用遗传算法,对神经网络输入节点数、隐层节点数和网络收敛的均方误差(MSE)目标值进行了优化,得到了最优的网络预测模型。最后,对某发动机实际的光谱分析数据进行了预测和分析,并与传统ARMA模型的预测结果进行了比较,结果充分表明了本方法的有效性和优越性。     

WCARS-ISPA火焰光谱特征选择的转炉炼钢终点预测

对转炉炼钢终点的实时精准控制能够有效提高钢铁产出的质量,炉口火焰光谱在炼钢不同时期的变化明显,对其进行分析处理并与机器学习方法相结合可有效用于炼钢终点的实时控制。针对炉口火焰光谱数据量大、现有方法对光谱特征提取在可信度和实时性上不足的缺陷,提出一种基于窗口竞争性自适应重加权采样（WCARS）结合迭代式连续投影算法（ISPA）的光谱特征波长选择方法,该方法在有效解决模型过拟合问题的同时,能够降低高维数据计算的复杂度。将火焰光谱数据沿波长方向进行窗口划分后,使用CARS进行计算选出特征窗口波段,再将迭代式选择与传统连续投影算法相结合,通过重复迭代精选出特征波长,在此基础上使用支持向量机回归（SVR）建立炼钢终点碳含量预测模型。实验采集363组炼钢后期的炉口火焰光谱数据作为样本,并对其进行Savitzky-Golay平滑预处理。使用WCARS-ISPA算法从全光谱数据中选出10个特征波长作为SVR模型的输入,碳含量为模型输出,Kennard-stone算法对训练集和测试集进行划分,选择碳含量的平均预测误差、预测误差在±2%以内的命中率以及运行30次的平均时间作为模型评价指标。实验结果显示,模型的平均碳含量预测误差为1.413 2%,命中率高达90.63%,运行时间为0.019 679 s。与使用全光谱和WCARS-ISPA,CARS-SPA,WCARS和SPA四种不同特征选择方法选出的特征波长建模得到的结果进行对比,基于WCARS-ISPA方法选出的特征波长建立的终点碳含量预测模型误差最小、命中率最高。提出一种新的炉口火焰光谱特征波长提取方法,使用窗口竞争性自适应重加权采样结合迭代式连续投影算法选取特征波长,并在此基础上建立转炉炼钢终点碳含量预测模型,实验结果表明,该方法能够有效提取火焰光谱特征,所建模型能够对转炉炼钢终点进行准确预测,满足工业生产的实时控制要求,为实际生产提供可靠帮助。     

基于飞行计划的惯性导航误差模型分析

为了更有效地评估民航飞机惯性导航性能,更好地分析其惯导数据相对于飞行计划的误差。提出一种新方法整体分析惯导误差,将飞行计划航迹离散化计算出误差数据,使用小波多尺度分析方法,经小波变换将误差分为高频与低频两部分,将非平稳的低频部分进行差分处理转化为平稳时间序列,最终建立惯导误差数据的自回归滑动平均（ARMA）模型。通过与实际快速存取记录器（QAR）数据对比验证,此模型能较好地描述惯导误差,较为准确地描述了民航飞机惯性导航误差,为进一步分析其特性及规律奠定了基础。此方法可用于评估民航飞机惯导性能。     

基于小波分析的ARIMA与LSSVM组合的高炉煤气预测

高炉煤气发生量的准确预测对钢铁企业能源优化调度具有重要意义。针对钢铁企业中基于机理模型的高炉煤气发生量难以准确预测问题,建立了基于小波分析的最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)和自回归差分滑动平均(ARIMA)相结合的高炉煤气预测模型。预测前利用小波去噪对原始数据进行消噪处理,并对处理后的数据进行小波变换得到趋势序列和波动序列,然后对各部分序列分别建模和预测,最后将各部分预测结果叠加;仿真结果表明,组合预测模型减小了预测误差,提高了预测精度。与其他模型相比,组合预测模型更适合高炉煤气预测。     

含有误差校正的小波神经网络交通流量预测

交通流量的准确预测对于高速路管理者进行决策至关重要。建立了小波神经网络(WNN)交通流量预测模型,并通过预测训练误差和测试误差校正预测结果来提高预测精度。首先构建WNN模型对交通流量进行初步预测,然后利用经验模态分解(EMD)和WNN模型对训练误差和测试误差进行预测。分别用训练误差预测值、测试误差预测值和两种误差预测值的加权对流量初步预测结果进行修正得到最终预测值。采用四川省成灌高速路交通流量数据进行了仿真对比实验,仿真结果表明含有误差校正的小波神经网络模型能有效提高交通流量预测精度,并且利用两种误差加权修正模型的预测精度高于利用测试误差的修正模型和利用训练误差的修正模型。     

基于NIR和SOM-RBF网络的兰州百合关键营养物质定量分析方法

为了实现兰州百合关键营养物质蛋白质和多糖的快速无损检测,在12 000~4 000 cm-1光谱范围内采集了59份兰州百合粉的近红外光谱（NIRS）。首先运用SG、Normalize、SNV、MSC、Detrend、OSC、SG+1D、SG+Normalize、SG+SNV和SG+Detrend十种预处理方法对原始光谱数据进行处理,确定蛋白质的最佳预处理方法为SG+Detrend、多糖的最佳预处理方法为Detrend;然后运用CARS、SPA和PCA三种算法对预处理的光谱数据进行特征波长筛选,确定蛋白质和多糖的最佳特征波长提取方法均为SPA算法;最后采用PLSR法建立了兰州百合关键营养物质蛋白质和多糖含量的预测模型,结果显示,经过SG+Detrend_SPA处理所建立的蛋白质PLSR模型中,预测集相关系数R_p为0.810 6,预测集均方根误差RMSEP为1.195 3;经过Detrend_SPA处理所建立的多糖PLSR模型中,预测集相关系数R_p为0.810 9,预测集均方根误差RMSEP为2.0946。考虑到经典PLSR无损预测模型精度的限制,在该研究中提出SOM-RBF神经网络无损预测模型。首先利用SOM网络对数据样本进行聚类,然后将得到的聚类类别数和聚类中心作为RBF网络的隐层节点个数和隐层节点数据中心,以此来优化RBF的结构参数。在建立的蛋白质SOM-RBF神经网络模型中,预测集相关系数R_p为0.866 6,预测集均方根误差RMSEP为1.038 5;建立的多糖SOM-RBF神经网络模型中,预测集相关系数R_p为0.868 1,预测集均方根误差RMSEP为1.799 4。比较PLSR和SOM-RBF两种模型对两种物质的预测结果,确定了SOM-RBF神经网络模型为最优建模方法,最终确定在蛋白质检测中,最优模型为基于SG+Detrend_SPA_SOM-RBF建立的模型,模型的预测集相关系数较PLSR高5.6%,预测集均方根误差较PLSR低0.156 8;在多糖检测中,确定的最优模型为基于Detrend_SPA_SOM-RBF建立的模型,模型的预测集相关系数较PLSR高5.72%,预测集均方根误差较PLSR低0.295 2。研究结果表明,运用NIR和SOM-RBF技术可以实现对兰州百合关键营养物质蛋白质和多糖的快速无损检测,为今后快速无损检测兰州百合营养物质提供理论依据。     

基于加权改进的AR模型的负载预测研究

负载预测在故障管理中有着十分重要的作用,通过对CPU负载以及内存使用率的预测可以对系统进行实时监控,预知未来时间段资源的可用性,发出异常告警;文中提出一种加权改进的自回归模型,通过对最小二乘法求出的参数进行加权处理,结合时间序列分析理论,建立一个负载预测模型,用于CPU负载和内存使用率的预测;实验证明,对AR模型的参数进行加权的方法优化了参数估计,预测误差减小了60%~80%。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.