槽式集热器吸热管外混合对流换热数值模拟

本文总结了太阳能抛物槽式集热器吸热器玻璃管外对流换热的影响因素.在Shiraz 250 kW槽式太阳能热发电系统集热器结构基础上,采用最佳口径比,设计了几种结构参数不同且具有典型意义的集热器;并对所设计不同集热器结构及位置因素影响下的吸热管外混合对流换热进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明:吸热管外混合对流平均换热热损失随集热器距地距离增大而增大,但增幅越来越小;随集热器两半反射器间间距增大而减小.而不同结构参数下混合对流换热热损失,主要受到风流在不同运行方位下由于集热器阻滞所形成的风流压力场及速度场的影响,且随结构参数呈一定趋势变化.在此基础上进一步可研究吸热器复杂耦合传热过程.     

剪切力驱动下混合对流问题的介观模拟

本文采用能量守恒耗散粒子动力学(eDPD)方法研究了内含椭圆热源的封闭方腔内的对流换热问题。提出一种处理曲面边界和移动边界的新方法,模拟了剪切力驱动的混合对流换热问题以及椭圆热源被迫旋转引起的混合对流换热问题,分析了剪切力方向、理查森数Ri和椭圆被迫旋转对混合对流换热特性的影响,并且得到了不同条件下的流线图和等温线图。研究结果表明,横向剪切时Ri数对方腔内的传热影响并不显著而纵向剪切时Ri对方腔内的流动与传热的影响非常明显;椭圆热源被迫旋转给流场带来扰动,使等温线发生扭曲,但是整个流场的结构没有发生根本性的改变。     

螺旋波纹结构对盘管换热器传热特性的影响

为增强盘管换热器的传热性能,提出一种螺旋波纹状的盘管结构,通过Fluent分别对螺旋波纹盘管和普通盘管的对流换热过程进行数值模拟研究,分析入口流速对管道传热特性的影响。结果表明：两种盘管压降随入口流速的增大而升高,不同入口流速下的螺旋波纹盘管综合评价指标PEC值大于1,当入口流速为0.524 m/s时,其努塞尔数比普通盘管高出31.3%。螺旋波纹结构增强了盘管内的二次流效应,缓解了传热不均匀的现象。     

槽式集热管管内混合对流换热的数值模拟

本文对均匀与非均匀热流密度条件下、压力10 MPa时的过热水蒸气在抛物槽式太阳能集热管管内充分发展段的混合对流换热过程进行了数值模拟。结果发现,在非均匀热流密度条件下,与纯强制对流换热相比:层流时,混合对流换热的阻力系数增加21%~133%,Nu提高48%~261%;湍流时,混合对流换热的阻力系数增加7%~236%,Nu提高6%~150%。特别是相比于均匀热流边界条件,非均匀热流边界条件下浮升力对流动传热的影响更为显著,传统的对于混合对流的判定标准需要修正。     

熔融盐(LiNO3)强制对流换热实验

由于熔融盐使用温度高、热稳定性和传热性能好,被认为是太阳能塔式发电系统和新一代槽式发电系统中最有前途的传热蓄热介质之一.本文通过搭建高温熔融盐传热试验台,成功实现了 LiNO3熔融盐与导热油的强制对流换热试验循环,得到了总的对流换热系数,初步得到了在旺盛紊流区熔融LiNO3在不同雷诺数下对应的努塞尔数.     

太阳能制氢腔式吸热器混合对流的数值模拟研究

混合对流热损失是影响太阳能与生物质超临界水气化耦合制氢腔式吸热器热效率的关键因素之一。本文以动力工程多相流实验室建成的生物质超临界水与太阳能聚集供热耦合制氢腔式吸热器为研究对象,对腔式吸热器混合对流换热进行了数值模拟研究。通过使用RNGkε湍流模型,研究了制氢吸热器在外界风吹掠环境下的混合对流热损失,获得了腔式吸热器在不同风速、风向吹掠下的混合对流换热准则Nusselt数。模拟结果表明,侧向风与侧迎向风对腔内对流热损失影响最大,当风速超过某一数值(Richardson数>1),外界风诱发的强制对流会在对流热损失中占主导作用,且随着风速增加,混合对流热损失随Re提高而增大。     

普朗特数对槽内热磁耦合流动换热影响

针对矩形槽内导电流体普朗特数分别为 0.01、1、100 时,进行了流动形态和换热的数值模拟研究.数值结果表明:普朗特数对流动、温度分布影响不同,从而影响到对流换热的强弱,低普朗特数流体热浮升力作用大,流动以热驱动为主,换热强度弱,发现在低普朗特数下,数值模拟得出的努赛尔数并不能收敛到某一定值,而是在一个区间范围内"来回振荡";高普朗特数流体,电磁力作用大,流动以电磁力驱动对流作用,换热随着哈特曼数的增加而得到很大提高.     

充满金属泡沫的方腔自然对流数值模拟

本文使用格子-Boltzmann方法模拟了充满金属泡沫的封闭方腔自然对流.通过构建适用于上下边界绝热,左右边界恒定温度的封闭方腔自然对流的双分布函数热模型,模拟了充满不同孔隙率和不同孔密度的金属泡沫,在不同Ra数下的封闭方腔自然对流,结果表明金属泡沫具有强化传热的作用,并随着Ra数和孔密度的增大,换热增强.     

微细管内超临界二氧化碳冷却换热研究

本文对超临界二氧化碳在微细管内冷却对流换热进行数值模拟研究,分析不同流动方向和管径大小对超临界二氧化碳对流换热的影响,考察管内局部流体温度、管壁温度以及无量纲温度分布的变化。湍流模型采用低雷诺数YS模型。研究表明,在LPV范围比较大的截面,超临界二氧化碳局部换热系数达到最大值,同时管内传热受流动方向和管径的影响均较大。     

竖直管道内湍流混合对流换热研究

本文对空气在竖直圆管中的湍流混合对流换热进行了实验研究和数值模拟,并对异种气体(氦气)对混合对流换热的影响进行了初步的实验研究。研究发现,空气在竖直圆管中向上流动时,随着热流密度的不断增大,出现换热恶化现象。如果浮升力足够大,则换热效果在降到最低点后又好转。在实验过程中,由于实验条件所限没有发现异种气体对混合对流换热有显著的影响。     

BOILING HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISMS IN A HORIZONTAL TUBE BUNDLE

The effect of thermal environment on boiling heat transfer performance in a section of a horizontal tube bundle was investigated using R-113 as the working fluid. The in-line tube bundle has five columns and 27 rows with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.3. Heal transfer coefficients obtained from the instrumented tube in the tube bundle with only one tube heated while the other tubes remained unhealed and with all the lubes in the bundle heated are reported for a range of heat flux, pressure, mass flow rate, and quality. The results showed that heat transfer coefficient of a tube in a heated bundle is slightly higher than that in an unhealed bundle, with the variation of heat transfer coefficient decreasing as heat flux, mass flow rate, or pressure increased. It was also found that higher quality would tend to improve the heat transfer. However, the effect of quality disappeared as heat flux, mass flow rate, and pressure increased. Based on the experimental data, the mechanism of the heat transfer augment due to thermal environment was analyzed. It was proposed that fluid agitation and thin liquid film formation are two main factors for a heated bundle to have better transfer performance than an unhealed bundle,     

AN EMPIRICAL CORRELATION FOR NATURAL CONVECTION FROM CONFINED ELLIPTIC TUBE

An experimental study was conducted to obtain a correlation for free convection heat transfer from isothermal elliptic tubes of minor to major axis ratios of ∈ = 0.53, 0.67, 0.8, and 1 confined between two adiabatic walls. Local and average Nusselt numbers were determined for several different tube axis ratios, Rayleigh numbers, and wall spacings by means of the Mach-Zehnder Interferometery (MZI) technique. For each tube axis ratio, the Rayleigh number varied from 1,000–2,750 and the wall spacing to tube minor axis ratio from 1.25–∞. For all the tube axis ratios, the periphery and length of the tubes were kept constant. Experimental data are presented with a correlation which gives the average Nusselt number as a function of the tube axis ratio, Rayleigh number, and wall spacing to tube minor axis ratio. As the tube axis ratio decreases the average heat transfer coefficient increases. Also, for a constant Rayleigh number and tube axis ratio there is an optimum wall spacing which maximizes the heat transferred from the tube.     

BOILING CHARACTERISTICS OF R-11 IN COMPACT TUBE BUNDLES WITH SMOOTH AND ENHANCED TUBES

This study presents new data on nucleate boiling heat transfer obtained in compact horizontal tube bundles with small tube gaps. The experiment investigates the heat transfer enhancement effects by the restricted spaces comprising the compact tube bundles and the enhanced heat transfer tubes for nucleate boiling heat transfer of R-11 at atmospheric pressure. A roll-worked tube was used as a new type of enhanced heat transfer tube. The experimental results show that the small tube gaps can greatly enhance boiling heat transfer in a smooth tube bundle, while enhancement effects of small gaps were not quite significant for the enhanced tube bundle. There is a compound effect from the enhanced surface and the restricted space only for the enhanced tube bundle with the tube gap of 0.5 mm. The effects of the tube positions within both compact tube bundles on the boiling heat transfer were minor.     

Influence of Vertical Foam Flow Liquid Drainage on Tube Bundle Heat Transfer Intensity

The results of an experimental investigation of staggered tube bundle heat transfer to upward and downward moving vertical foam flow are presented in this article. It was determined that a dependency exists between tube bundle heat transfer intensity on foam volumetric void fraction, foam flow velocity and direction, and liquid drainage from foam. In addition to this, the influence of tube position of the bundle on heat transfer was investigated. Experimental results were summarized by criterion equations, which can be applied in the design of foam type heat exchangers.     

具有隔板的平行通道内空气混合对流换热数值模拟

本文以锅炉干排渣装置为背景,对抽象的理论模型具有隔板的平行通道内空气混合对流换热进行了数值模拟.数值计算表明,在Re＞1000时应采用非稳态数学模型进行数值模拟;在Re＞500时,自然对流机制对流动和换热的影响基本可以忽略.数值计算给出了不同Re时的进出口无量纲压差、局部的Nux和平均Nu以及流线图.这些结果可为深入研究干排渣装置中流动和换热特性提供参考.     

Convective Heat Transfer of a Cu/Water Nanofluid Flowing Through a Circular Tube

Abstract

Fluids in which nanometer-sized solid particles are suspended are called nanofluids. These fluids can be employed to increase the heat transfer rate in various applications. In this study, the convective heat transfer for Cu/water nanofluid through a circular tube was experimentally investigated. The flow was laminar, and constant wall temperature was used as thermal boundary condition. The Nusselt number of nanofluids for different nanoparticle concentrations, as well as various Peclet numbers, was obtained. Also, the rheological properties of the nanofluid for different volume fractions of nanoparticles were measured and compared with theoretical models. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient is enhanced by increasing the nanoparticle concentrations as well as the Peclet number.     

含不凝气体时煤油在水平管束外的冷凝

采用实验的方法,研究了在较宽的不凝气体含量范围内,煤油蒸汽在不同几何结构的螺旋扁管管束外的冷凝换热现象,得出了螺旋扁管的几何结构对冷凝换热的影响规律,并与同样条件下的光管管束的冷凝换热进行了分析比较。     

非稳态横掠管束周期性充分发展对流换热的数值模拟

本文采用非稳态数学模型对横掠管束的周期性充分发展流动与换热进行了数值模拟。结果显示,在所考虑的参数条件下,Re≥100以后流场和温度场随时间发生振荡,并且振幅随Re增加而增大;进一步增加Re到一定值后,在管束间会有交替出现的涡。计算得到的平均Nusselt数与现有文献中的实验关联式基本是吻合的。平均Nusselt数的计算值随流动方向管间距的增加而增加。     

具有纵向外肋片的水平复合管外表面自然对流换热的数值计算

为了方便而有效地模拟具有纵向外肋片的水平复合管外表面大空间自然对流换热的数值计算时计算区域外边界条件,本文提出一种新的边界条件处理方式。数值实验表明,用该条件计算的具有恒壁温的水平圆柱外表面自然对流换热数值解与文献中的基准解相比,平均Nu数的误差在0.5％以下。本文在极坐标系下,采用固体区与流体区耦合计算原始变量法,模拟计算了具有纵向外肋片的水平复合管外表面在不同肋片高度和肋片数下的自然对流换热量。数值计算表明,管外布置6个对称的肋片时,在肋片相对高度h/r04.0时,对换热最为有利,对应的肋片管平均肋效率为87.92％;而在相同肋片高度下,布置8个对称的肋片时,换热量最大。     

波纹内翅片管中对流换热与阻力特性的实验研究

本文研究了空气在一种波纹内翅片管内强制对流的换热与阻力特性,得出了所测参数范围内换热Nusselt数和阻力系数f随Reynolds数变化的实验关联式,并与类似波纹内翅片管的换热效果进行了比较,结果表明波纹内翅片管换热强化的程度与其结构有很大的关系。