微米手性晶粒凝胶玻璃的制备及其消偏振效应

采用干法粉碎法将具有手性特征的块体水晶粉碎成粒径为70μm的手性晶粒，利用溶胶-凝胶法，将粒径为70μm的手性晶粒均匀地撒入凝胶基质中，制成厚度为4mm的含微米手性晶粒的凝胶玻璃，发现其表现出了消偏振效应.而将微米手性晶粒替换成同样尺寸粒径的玻璃粉体，以同样方法制成的相同厚度的含微米玻璃粉体的凝胶玻璃却表现出线偏振保持的性能.分析了此现象发生的原因. 关键词： 手性晶粒 溶胶-凝胶 消偏振     

Polarization-sensitive effects of solgel materials containing various chiral media

The polarization-sensitive effects of solgel materials containing various chiral media were measured experimentally. The results show that the solgel material displays optical activity when it contains organic chiral molecules and manifests depolarization when it contains inorganic chiral microcrystals with a particle size of 70 microm. Solgel material containing glass powder that also has a particle size of 70 microm displays a polarization held characteristic (i.e., the polarization of the output light is the same as that of the input light).     

原子核层次的手征对称性

对称性及其破缺是基本的科学问题。手征对称性在自然界中广泛存在,大至星系旋臂、行星自转,小到矿物晶体、有机分子、基本粒子,都与手征对称性密切相关。原子核层次的手征对称性概念于1997年提出,随后成为核物理研究的热点问题。目前,实验上已经在核素图上的80,100,130和190质量核区发现了30多例可能具有手征对称性的原子核。简要介绍原子核中的手征对称性概念;手性原子核的预言、识别以及实验验证;并通过展示手性原子核结构的多样性（M_χD）,回顾了理论和实验研究进展;介绍最新发现的原子核中手性和空间反射对称性的联立自发破缺,对未来手性原子核研究的前景进行了展望。Symmetry and its breaking are basic scientific problems. Chiral symmetries are common in nature, for example, the macroscopic spiral arms of galaxies and the rotation of planets; the microscopic spirals of the mineral crystalline, the organic molecules and the elementary particles. The concept of chirality in atomic nuclei was first proposed in 1997. Since then many efforts have been made to understand chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking in atomic nuclei. Up to now, more than 30 candidates of chiral nuclei have been reported in the 80, 100, 130, and 190 mass regions. The concept of the chirality in atomic nuclei, the prediction, the signal, and the experimental verification of the chiral nuclei are briefly introduced; the recent theoretical and experimental progress are reviewed, in particular the existence of multiple chiral doublets (M_χD), i.e., more than one pair of chiral doublet bands in one single nucleus; the simultaneous spontaneous breaking of chiral and reflection symmetry in the newly observed atomic nuclei is introduced, together with a prospect on the future study on nuclear chiral symmetry.     

手征SU(3)夸克模型与六夸克态的研究

用手征 SU( 3)夸克模型分析了 ( 0 s) 6组态的六夸克态能量 ,结果表明手征 SU( 3)介子场可以对某些多奇异数的态提供较强的吸引作用 .进一步用共振群方法研究了 ( ΩΩ) 0 + 及 ( ΩΞ) 1+ 等多奇异数系统 ,得到 ( ΩΩ) 0 是一个深度束缚的双重态. An analysis is made for the (0s) 6 six quark cluster states in the chiral SU (3) quark model. The results show that for some multistrangeness states the chiral SU (3) could offer more attraction. Further RGM dynamical calculation of the multistrangeness system (ΩΩ) 0+ and (ΩΞ) 1+ has been done. It shows that (ΩΩ) 0+ is a deeply bound state in the chiral SU (3) quark model.     

双层金属线平面手征结构的强旋光性和负折射率研究

提出一种由四重对称的金属线构成的双层平面手征结构,并对两层金属线之间旋转角θ和介质层厚度h进行了优化. 数值模拟结果显示,在一定的θ和h下,该结构在近红外波段具有极强的旋光性和大的手征参数,且在一定的波段范围内具有负折射率. 关键词： 手征介质 旋光性 手征参数 负折射率     

氮气对电晕放电等离子体降解甲基蓝的影响

电晕放电等离子体技术是近年发展起来的一种新型高级氧化工艺,因其处理效果好、操作简单、占地面积小的特点在印染废水处理领域得到了广泛应用。目前因大部分有机污染物的降解机理不详,该技术尚处于探索阶段。因此,为了尽早将电晕放电等离子体技术应用于工业印染废水的处理,不同污染物降解机理的研究对该技术的工业化和产业化应用具有重要意义。至今,电晕放电等离子体技术对研究较多的染料的降解效果均较好,然而,是否适合所有染料的降解有待进一步研究。采用电晕放电等离子体技术处理三苯甲烷类染料甲基蓝,研究了溶液的初始浓度对甲基蓝紫外-可见光谱中芳香环的降解率、发色基团吸光度变化的影响,测定了溶液的浓度、总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）、pH值等指标随着放电时间的变化,并对其相关性进行了分析。结合紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）、三维荧光光谱（3D-fluorescence）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）三种光谱学手段分析了电晕放电降解甲基蓝过程溶液的颜色、荧光物质和官能团变化,分析了电晕放电降解甲基蓝30 min后生成的中间产物。结果表明：电晕放电等离子体降解甲基蓝过程,溶液的浓度随着放电时间的延长逐渐减小,表明该技术对甲基蓝溶液有一定的降解能力;降解过程高压电极放电击穿含有大量氮气的空气产生N,NO·,N+₂等含氮高活性粒子,这些粒子通过扩散作用迁移至液相,使得溶液中TN含量在整个降解过程逐渐升高;另有部分含氮高活性粒子与钨钢针电极溶出的C元素键合生成发色的CN双键,使得溶液中的总有机碳在放电5 min时有所升高。延长反应时间产生的高活性粒子与溶液中的有机物（甲基蓝及中间产物）继续作用,部分有机物矿化生成CO₂,引起溶液中TOC含量的下降。电晕放电相同时间内产生的活性粒子数量相当,增大甲基蓝浓度,未被降解的甲基蓝分子越多,导致甲基蓝降解率的减小。电晕放电过程甲基蓝分子之间的聚合与发色CN双键的生成共同促使甲基蓝发色基团吸光度在放电5 min时达到最大;且甲基蓝溶液的初始浓度越高,吸光度（A₅-A₀）升高的越多。概括来说,甲基蓝结构中发色CN双键的存在是电晕放电等离子体降解甲基蓝过程溶液颜色加深再变浅的主要原因。反应过程羟基自由基的消耗导致放电5 min时溶液的pH值升高;随着反应的进行溶液中生成的硝酸及小分子酸增强了溶液的酸性,导致pH值降低。三维荧光光谱结果表明,甲基蓝降解过程出现了三类明显的荧光峰,位于E_X/E_M=310~320/430~450,E_X/E_M=240~250/320~340和E_X/E_M=280/340,分别代表腐殖酸类物质、芳香族蛋白质和溶解性微生物代谢副产物。甲基蓝溶液降解前的荧光物质主要为腐殖酸类,随着降解时间的延长,腐殖酸类物质首先降解生成了芳香族蛋白质,进一步降解产生可溶性微生物代谢副产物。比较电晕放电前后甲基蓝溶液的红外光谱图和红外分峰图发现,甲基蓝结构中N-H键3 432.8 cm-1处不对称伸缩振动峰红移了0.3 cm-1,烯烃和苯环上C-H键2 975.9 cm-1处的伸缩振动峰向高波数偏移了0.5 cm-1,1 638.7 cm-1处RCHCHR的双键伸缩振动位置蓝移了3.2 cm-1,芳仲胺的C-N伸缩振动峰1 341.6 cm-1向高波数偏移了1.3 cm-1,磺酸基SO的伸缩振动峰1 121.1和1 034.3 cm-1分别红移了3.8和13 cm-1,甲基蓝结构中的环外CC双键与CN双键吸收峰消失,在1 692.4和1 400.4 cm-1处分别出现了CO和NO的伸缩振动吸收峰,产生了2,5-环己二烯-1,4-二酮、对硝基苯磺酸钠和芳香酮类等中间产物。该结果对于利用电晕放电等离子体技术处理甲基蓝废水具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。     

光纤-手征光纤耦合光波导偏振响应特性的实验研究

在 D形微孔光纤中注入手征液体 ,制作出了光纤 -手征光纤耦合光波导。对其输出端的偏振响应特性进行测试发现 ,与未注入手征液体的 D形微孔光纤相比 ,传播的光矢量方向发生了旋转。这种效应是由光纤与手征光纤相互耦合而引起的 ,将有可能应用到许多新器件的制作中     

自极化效应对稀土掺杂聚合物激发和发射光谱的影响

合成并用FT IR和元素分析方法表征了Eu(DBM) 3·Phen .对不同浓度的稀土络合物溶液和掺杂聚合物的激发光谱和发射光谱进行了测定和研究 ,结果发现在溶液和固体介质中都存在着溶质间的相互作用 .这种自极化相互作用影响包括两个方面 :有机配体的吸收光谱出现红移现象 ;稀土离子的对称性的变化 .自极化相互作用导致分子内的电荷分布变化 ,改变了激发态和基态间的能量 ,激发光谱出现红移 .在低浓度时 ,介质的性质对红移影响较大 ,高浓度时 ,介质的影响变小 .还讨论了各种因素对稀土掺杂体系的荧光性质的影响     

Modeling,Structural, and Spectroscopic Studies of Cobalt-doped Lithium Phosphate Glasses and Effect of Gamma Irradiation

Undoped and cobalt oxide-doped lithium phosphate glasses were prepared by normal melt annealing technique. The structure and optical properties were investigated in order to understand the spectroscopic properties and state of cobalt in this host glass. The glass samples were characterized by combined UV-Visible and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopic techniques. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy is used to determine the optical absorption spectra of the base undoped glass and that due to the cobalt ions in this host glass. Spectroscopic investigations were approved using the density functional theory calculations, which were employed to interpret both theoretical and experimental IR data of this glass system and to identify the main building structural groups present in these glasses. Experimental results indicate that divalent cobalt ions occupy more than one coordination state, namely, the octahedral and tetrahedral forms. The changes in the UV-Vis and infrared spectral data are discussed in relation to the change in the state of cobalt ions with glass composition or dopant concentration or structural evolution caused by the changes in glass constituents.     

含环金属铱配合物高分子材料的制备及其氧气传感性能

通过含乙烯键的三联吡啶单体与甲基丙烯甲酯单体的共聚,制备了含配体的线性共聚物（P（MMA-co-TPY））。该共聚物继续与环金属铱二氯桥中间体反应,最终制备出含环金属铱配合物的高分子材料P（MMA-co-TPYIr）。用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）表征了材料的结构,并用紫外-可见光谱仪、荧光光谱仪研究了材料的光物理性能,最后研究了材料在溶液中的氧气传感性能。结果表明,环金属铱配合物已共价连接到高分子链上,固态下为纯红光发射,波长为638 nm,量子效率为0.035。该材料表现出了较好的氧气传感性能,并且在DMF中的效果最好,纯氮气和纯氧气氛围下的发光强度比为6,氧气检测限能达到0.34%。     

SU-8光栅结构中的液晶激光特性

设计制作了SU-8光栅结构的染料掺杂手性向列相液晶激光器件,在器件正面和侧面均实现了随机激光辐射。将激光染料PM597、手性剂S-811、向列性液晶TEB30A按一定比例均匀混合,注入反平行摩擦处理的液晶盒中,器件的下基板通过光掩模法刻蚀出周期为15μm的光栅。利用532 nm的Nd∶YAG固体脉冲激光器作为泵浦源,器件的侧面既在580~590 nm范围内出现了多个离散分立的随机激光辐射峰,FWHM约0.19 nm,又在579~585 nm范围内出现独立的两个激光辐射峰,FWHM约0.19 nm;在器件正面获得了584~590 nm范围的随机激光辐射谱,FWHM约0.17 nm。加热器件至61℃,液晶相变为各向同性态,器件侧面仍出现了波长约590.60 nm、FWHM约0.24 nm的激光辐射峰。分析得出,液晶盒中引入SU-8光栅结构后,光子同时在液晶分子间多重散射和SU-8光栅中布拉格反射获得反馈放大,两种机制相辅相成。器件侧面出现的独立激光辐射峰主要由SU-8光栅布拉格反射提供反馈放大形成,而器件侧面和正面的随机激光辐射峰主要由液晶分子间多重散射提供反馈放大形成。     

The Hausdorff chirality measure and a proposed Hausdorff structure measure

The Hausdorff chirality measure quantifies the chirality of a geometric representation of an object by measuring the degree of coincidence of the object with its mirror image. It can also allow comparison between a chiral dopant and host molecules which may illuminate mechanisms for chirality transfer. It has been applied to real molecules very infrequently in comparison to application of chiral indices as it is complex and time consuming to calculate. In this paper we introduce and verify a simulated annealing algorithm for the Hausdorff chirality measure that has proven rapid, robust and relatively simple to apply. We verify the method, finding good agreement between its results and those of Mislow and co-workers. We introduce a Hausdorff structure measure that does not permit overlap and allows a structure to be built one molecule at a time. We present results for a simple model and real biphenyl molecules and discuss promising building blocks of crystal and incommensurate structures formed in relation to experimental results.     

Superchiral fields generated by nanostructures and their applications for chiral sensing

Chirality is ubiquitous in natural world. Although with similar physical and chemical properties, chiral enantiomers could play different roles in biochemical processes. Discrimination of chiral enantiomers is extremely important in biochemical, analytical chemistry, and pharmaceutical industries. Conventional chiroptical spectroscopic methods are disadvantageous at a limited detection sensitivity because of the weak signals of natural chiral molecules. Recently, superchiral fields were proposed to effectively enhance the interaction between light and molecules, allowing for ultrasensitive chiral detection. Intensive theoretical and experimental works have been devoted to generation of superchiral fields based on artificial nanostructures and their application in ultrasensitive chiral sensing. In this review, we present a survey on these works. We begin with the introduction of chiral properties of electromagnetic fields. Then, the optical chirality enhancement and ultrasensitive chiral detection based on chiral and achiral nanostructures are discussed respectively. Finally, we give a short summary and a perspective for the future ultrasensitive chiral sensing.     

β-环糊精手性识别D/L-樟脑磺酸的NMR研究

利用高分辨液体NMR技术考察了D₂O中β-环糊精与手性药物D/L-樟脑磺酸对映体之间的相互作用,结果表明樟脑磺酸对映体能够进入β-环糊精的疏水空腔并与之发生手性相互作用. β-环糊精能够手性识别樟脑磺酸对映体. 化学计量关系实验和2D ROESY实验结果表明,樟脑磺酸对映体的疏水结构只能从β-环糊精疏水空腔的宽口端进入,并形成化学计量比为1∶1的非对映体络合物.     

一种锌希夫碱配合物的表征及发光性能研究

合成并通过真空升华提纯得到了一种高纯度的希夫碱有机金属配合物水杨醛缩邻苯二胺合锌。通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重-差热曲线、紫外-可见光吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱和光致发光光谱表征了其结构、热稳定性以及能带结构。实验结果表明：水杨醛缩邻苯二胺合锌的玻璃化温度(T_g)高达183 ℃,分解温度为449 ℃; 水杨醛缩邻苯二胺合锌是一种多晶粉末状的发光材料,在紫外光的激发下,在四氢呋喃溶液体系中的荧光发射峰在508 nm处,为蓝绿色荧光,色纯度高,荧光量子效率高,禁带宽度2.62 eV; 利用真空热蒸镀很容易制备高质量薄膜,其发射峰在562 nm处,半高宽为48.5 nm的黄绿光发射。利用水杨醛缩邻苯二胺合锌为发光层制备了黄光有机电致发光器件。     

Accurate quantification of hydration number for polyethylene glycol molecules

Hydration water can even decide the physicochemical properties of hydrated organic molecules. However, by far the most important hydration number for organic molecules, in particular polyethylene glycol which we are concerned with here, usually suffers from a large discrepancy. Here, we provide a scheme for accurate and unambiguous quantification of the hydration number based on the universal water-content dependence of glass transition temperature for aqueous solutions, testified by experimental results for polyethylene glycol molecules of a molar weight ranging from 200 to 20000.Moreover, we also clarify the fundamental misunderstanding lying in the definition and quantification of hydration water for PEG molecules in the literature, therein the hydration number for PEG in water-rich solutions has been determined at a critical concentration, across which the properties of the solution display obviously distinct water-content dependence.     

Pentaquarks in chiral color dielectric model

Recent experiments indicate that a narrow baryonic state having strangeness +1 and mass of about 1540 MeV may be existing. Such a state was predicted in chiral model by Diakonovet al. In this work I compute the mass and width of this state in chiral color dielectric model. I show that the computed width is about 30 MeV. I find that the mass of the state can be fitted to the experimentally observed mass by invoking a color neutral vector field and its interaction with the quarks     

Chiral plasmonics and enhanced chiral light-matter interactions

Chirality, which describes the broken mirror symmetry in geometric structures, exists macroscopically in our daily life as well as microscopically down to molecular levels. Correspondingly, chiral molecules interact differently with circularly polarized light exhibiting opposite handedness(left-handed and right-handed). However, the interaction between chiral molecules and chiral light is very weak. In contrast, artificial chiral plasmonic structures can generate "super-chiral" plasmonic near-field, leading to enhanced chiral light-matter(or chiroptical) interactions. The "super-chiral" near-field presents different amplitude and phase under opposite handedness incidence, which can be utilized to engineer linear and nonlinear chiroptical interactions. Specifically,in the interaction between quantum emitters and chiral plasmonic structures, the chiral hot spots can favour the emission with a specific handedness. This article reviews the state-of-the-art research on the design, fabrication and chiroptical response of different chiral plasmonic nanostructures or metasurfaces. This review also discusses enhanced chiral light-matter interactions that are essential for applications like chirality sensing, chiral selective light emitting and harvesting. In the final part, the review ends with a perspective on future directions of chiral plasmonics.     

NaOH溶液表面PARC18自组装手性的变化

具有共轭结构的非手性分子在界面通过自组装能够形成手性超分子,这种自发对称性破缺的过程为解释生命起源提供了线索,相关研究具有重要的科学意义。目前,尽管文献中对于界面手性自组装的机理有了详细的探讨,但对于手性结构的动力学过程缺乏深入的研究。为了阐明界面自组装手性是否会随时间变化,利用二次谐波-线二色谱方法(SHG-LD)研究了偶氮苯衍生物PARC18在气/液界面的超分子自组装手性。结果表明,PARC18在纯水表面形成了手性状态稳定的宏观结构,而在亚相为NaOH溶液时,界面形成的手性结构状态随时间变化。此外,在纯水表面,谐波信号主要源于电偶极矩的贡献,而在NaOH溶液表面,磁偶极距对谐波信号,尤其是手性信号的贡献占主导。推测这是由于在碱性条件下,界面的PARC18分子发生构型异构化,分子中的两个发色团相互耦合,导致手性结构发生变化,同时增强了磁偶极的贡献。     

Static SIMS study on surfaces of chalcogenide glasses modified by an organic layer

Chalcogenide glasses are useful optic materials that find applications in infrared spectroscopy, sensors and thermal imaging. A route for direct surface modification of such glasses with organic layers has been investigated by static Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The GAS (germanium–arsenic–selenium) glasses are modified by deposition followed by UV-irradiation of disulfide- or/and silane-functionalized organic molecules. SIMS analysis shows the characteristic fragments of the grafted molecules and organic–inorganic fragments which prove unambiguously the binding mode to the surface: disulfides, after S–S cleavage, are linked to arsenic and selenium; triethoxysilanes bind exclusively to oxidized germanium. The successive grafting of disulfide and silane compounds on the same substrate (IG2 glass with 33% of Ge) affords a “mixed” organic layer on the glass surface. From water contact angle measurements and X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS), the coverage density is not significantly improved comparatively to the “non-mixed” layers. However, the grafting of both types of molecules allows to reach a more homogeneous coverage.