CSR电子冷却段磁场造成闭轨畸变及校正

电子冷却的应用提高了重离子储存环的束流品质, 也为重离子储存环的运行带来了新的课题. 电子冷却段的横向磁场在引导约束强流电子束的同时也不可避免影响了多次经过的离子轨道. 为了保证束流的安全运行, 必须将离子轨道的畸变部分限制在局部范围, 并保证轨道畸变量对储存环接收度的影响可以容忍. 讨论在建的兰州重离子储存环HIRFL-CSR电子冷却段磁场及其造成闭轨畸变和校正方案.     

冷却储存环CSRm中螺线管场耦合效应研究

介绍了重离子冷却储存环中螺线管场对束流水平方向和垂直方向产生耦合的原理, 由耦合运动方程及耦合系数推导出螺线管场耦合的补偿方法. 结合兰州冷却环主环实际的单元结构,工作点选在束流稳定的差共振附近, 模拟计算了冷却环主环在电子冷却段没有螺线管、有螺线管和增加补偿螺线管三种情况下的束流发射度及此三种情况下冷却环主环的动力学孔径. 通过模拟计算可知螺线管的存在将引起束流的水平方向和垂直方向严重耦合, 由于耦合效应, 垂直方向的发射度将超出其接受度, 致使束流大量损失. 针对这种情况, 提出了在螺线管两端的合适位置增加一组补偿螺线管的校正方案. 模拟结果表明这种措施行之有效.     

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环束流累积研究

对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环加速器主体的主要功能环——主环的束流累积方法和设计进行了研究 .为了使主环对不同种类的重离子束流都具有较强的累积能力 ,在设计时考虑采用电子冷却参与下的两种束流累积方法 :多次多圈注入和射频堆积 .对这两种方法 ,电子冷却的冷却时间都是将束流累积到高流强的关键因素. The beam accumulation methods of HIRFL CSR(Heavy Ion Research Facility of Lanzhou and Cooler Storage Rings) project were studied. Two accumulation methods will be adopted to increase the beam intensity of CSRm. For both multiple multi turn injection method and RF stacking method, electron cooling of beam plays an important role.     

重离子束的随机冷却系统设计研究

随机冷却系统有助于提高兰州重离子冷却储存环（ＣＳＲ）中束流累积效率，减小束流发射度．首先通过Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ方程的建立，解出了某种初始分布下粒子分布的时间演化结果，并模拟了冷却过程；然后结合ＣＳＲ物理设计参数，计算了部分典型被加速离子的冷却时间，同时比较了电子冷却和随机冷却的冷却力，得出了一些结论；最后提出了硬件设计方案. Stochastic cooling system in Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) at Lanzhou will help to cool beam phase space and increase the accumulation ratio and efficency. In this paper, a Fokker Planck eqution is described and used to simulate cooling process.According to the main parameters of CSR,cooling time of some typical ions has been calculated and the cooling forces of electron cooling and stochastic cooling are compared. Finally, A hardware designing plan is proposed.     

实验环Betatron振荡随机冷却的模拟

随机冷却是一种基于带宽反馈系统对束流振荡进行衰减的冷却方法,更适合冷却较大发射度和动量分散的次级粒子束,与电子冷却互补,可以得到更高品质的束流。兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL) 目前处于冷却存储环的实验环随机冷却系统的设计和建造阶段。通过对横向Betatron 振荡的模拟,得到了提高系统带宽、增加探测器(Pick-up) 和冲击器(Kicker) 的个数、降低系统噪声温度等对缩短冷却时间和减小冷却平衡值的重要作用。同时,分析了较大的动量分散或较大的放大器增益对Betatron 振荡冷却过程产生的加热现象。Stochastic cooling, based on a feedback system, aims at damping the oscillation of particles. Stochastic cooling is more suitable to cool secondary beam with larger size and momentum spread, and it is therefore can be complemented with electron cooling, in order to obtain beam of higher quality. Stochastic cooling system is being designed and constructed on the experimental Cooling Storage Ring of HIRFL. By simulation of Betatron stochastic cooling, it is obtained that the importance for shortening the cooling time and reducing cooling equilibrium by improving bandwidth, increasing the numbers of pickup and kicker, and decreasing the system noises. Meanwhile, the heating during the cooling process caused by larger momentum spread or larger gain of amplifier is analyzed.     

HIRFL-CSR电子冷却束流位置测量系统

高效率的电子冷却过程, 要求电子束与离子束位置平行且重叠。 为了同时测量电子束与离子束的位置, 在HIRFL CSR电子冷却装置上研发了以容性圆筒形极板为感应电极的束流位置探测系统。 系统测量束流通过探针时产生的脉冲感应信号, 并进行傅里叶变换得到频谱信号, 分析4个不同电极上频谱信号强度获取束流的位置信息。 测量结果表明, 该束流位置探测系统测量准确, 为定量研究储存环离子累积和电子冷却过程与两种束流相对位置及角度的依赖关系提供了条件。 The efficient electron cooling requires that the ion beam and electron beam are parallel and overlapped. In order to measure the positions of ion beam and electron beam simultaneously, a beam position monitor system is developed for the HIRFL-CSR electron cooler device, which probe consists of four capacitive cylinder linear cut poles. One can get the both beam positions from the picking up signals of four poles by using Fourier transform(FFT) method. The measurement results show that the beam position monitor system is accurate. This system is suitable for investigating the relation between electron cooling processing and the angle of ion beam and electron beam.     

EicC束流冷却方案设计与模拟

对核子内部结构的研究是当前理论和实验研究的重要前沿,高能散射实验是探索核子结构的理想工具。中国科学院近代物理研究所计划在已开建的强流重离子加速器项目(HIAF)的基础上,升级建造中国极化电子离子对撞机(EicC)。EicC将提供质心系能量为15～20 GeV的电子和质子双极化束流,对撞亮度设计指标为2×10³³ cm^-2s^-1,离子束的有效冷却是EicC实现亮度目标的关键。针对离子束流初始发射度大、能量高、流强强的特点,EicC采用两级束流冷却方案,首先在增强器(BRing)中利用常规直流电子冷却器降低离子束流发射度,其次在对撞环(pRing)中采用基于能量回收型直线加速器(ERL)的高能束团冷却系统,抑制对撞过程中的离子束发射度增长。以质子束为例,模拟研究了EicC束流冷却装置中电子束的尺寸、温度、冷却段的磁场和束流光学参数对冷却速率和冷却过程的影响,最终得到了满足亮度要求的束流冷却参数。     

兰州重离子冷却储存环工程

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环是兰州重离子研究装置的后续工程 .它的建造目的是将重离子束的能量提高到 1 Ge V/u附近 ,同时利用储存环电子冷却技术将束流品质提高一个数量级 ,并提供更多种类的重离子束 ,以开展更广范围和更高精度的物理实验 .兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环是一个双储存环系统 ,由一个主环和一个实验环构成 .对其总体布局、总体参数、主要功能进行了介绍. HIRFL- CSR, a new accelerator project at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), is a multipurpose Cooling Storage Ring system which consists of a main ring (CSRm) and an experimental ring (CSRe). Beams from HIRFL will be accumulated and accelerated in CSRm, and then transported to CSRe for internal target experiments. The layout, major parameters and main functions of the CSR were described.     

HIRFL-CSRm冷却束流寿命

实验研究了HIRFL-CSRm中电子冷却装置对C6+,Ar15+两种束流寿命的影响。首先,通过对比实验的测量确定电子冷却可以有效提高束流寿命;其次,探究了电子冷却装置中的各项参数（主要是电子束密度分布、流强、能量、绝热展开因子）是如何影响束流寿命的,通过改变电子束参数,测量束流寿命的变化趋势和规律,并且结合电子冷却相关理论对实验结果给予解释,最终通过实验优化和确定最佳的冷却装置参数,使束流在HIRFL-CSRm上获得了较高的寿命,从而提高HIRFL-CSRm束流累积过程中的流强增益。     

冷却存储环虚拟加速器的数据交互系统

 介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却存储环（HIRFL CSR）为重离子治癌而改造的控制系统中的数据交互系统,数据交互系统是CSR虚拟加速器的核心。该系统能实现对256个能量级的束流控制,为以后深层重离子治癌做好准备。系统主要采用Java,COM,Oracle,ARM,DSP,FPGA等技术实现了对磁铁电源的实时、同步控制,已达到对束流的控制及束流在不同能量级间的切换控制。该系统已经运行于冷却存储环主环（CSRm）的束流慢引出调试中,性能稳定,能满足物理人员的要求。     

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRm

A new generation electron cooler has started operation in the heavy ion synchrotron CSRm which is used to increase the intensity of heavy ions. Transverse cooling of the ion beam after horizontal multi-turn injection allows beam accumulation at the injection energy. After optimization of the accumulation process an intensity increase in a synchrotron pulse by more than one order of magnitude has been achieved. In given accumulation time interval of 10 seconds, 10⁸ particles have been accumulated and accelerated to the final energy. The momentum spread after accumulation and acceleration in the 10^－4 range has been demonstrated in six species of ion beams. Primary measurements of accumulation process varying with electron energy, electron beam current, electron beam profile, expansion factor and injection interval have been performed. The lifetimes of ion beams in the presence of electron beams were roughly measured with the help of DCCT signal.     

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRm

A new generation electron cooler has started operation in the heavy ion synchrotron CSRm which is used to increase the intensity of heavy ions. Transverse cooling of the ion beam after horizontal multi-turn injection allows beam accumulation at the injection energy. After optimization of the accumulation process an intensity increase in a synchrotron pulse by more than one order of magnitude has been achieved. In given accumulation time interval of 10 seconds, 108 particles have been accumulated and accelerated to the final energy. The momentum spread after accumulation and acceleration in the 10-4 range has been demonstrated in six species of ion beams. Primary measurements of accumulation process varying with electron energy, electron beam current, electron beam profile, expansion factor and injection interval have been performed. The lifetimes of ion beams in the presence of electron beams were roughly measured with the help of DCCT signal.     

储存环内纵向Palmer方式随机冷却过程模拟

基于Fokker–Planck方程,模拟了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL–CSR)实验环内重离子束的Palmer方式纵向动量冷却过程,在模拟过程中,得到并应用使冷却达到最快的系统最优增益曲线.对模拟结果进行了讨论.     

HIRFL–CSRm纵向随机冷却——Palmer冷却研究

对拟在HIRFL-CSRm上建造的纵向Palmer冷却进行了数值优化计算,得出了最佳带宽、最佳增益及最短冷却时间,并运用Fokker-Planck方程进行了模拟,得到了动量散度分布函数在冷却过程中随时间的变化,从而为纵向冷却系统的具体设计和优化提供了重要的理论依据.     

CSRm内靶实验中的轻离子束流寿命模拟研究

 建立了内靶对兰州冷却储存环主环束流影响的单粒子跟踪模拟程序,对pellet小丸靶和碳靶对束流带来的负面影响进行了模拟研究,主要讨论CSRm内靶实验中的束流存活率和束流寿命状态。结果显示利用厚度为1×10¹⁶ atoms×cm^-2小丸内靶时,2.6 GeV质子束流寿命在100 s量级,而对于目前技术水平下的碳膜靶 (厚度为 5×10¹⁷ atoms×cm^-2),质子束流寿命为s量级;束流寿命和束流能量基本成正比关系,束流寿命和内靶厚度近似成反比关系。     

Bunch beam cooling

Electron cooling is used for damping both transverse and longitudinal oscillations of heavy particle. The cooling of bunch ion beam (with RF voltage on) is important part of experiments with inner target, ion collision system, stacking and RF manipulation. The short length of an ion bunch increases the peak luminosity, gives a start-time point for using of the time-of-flight methods and obtains a short extraction beam pulse. This article describes the review of last experiments with electron cooling carried out on the CSRm, CSRe (China) and COSY (Germany) storage rings. The accumulated experience may be used for the project of electron cooler on 2.5 MeV (NICA) and 0.5 MeV HIAF for obtaining high luminosity, depressing beam-beam effects and RF manipulation.     

HIRFL-CSR主环电子冷却模拟计算

以¹⁶O⁸⁺为例,用电子冷却模拟程序计算了冷却时间随离子能量、初始发射度、初始动量分散、离子流强以及离子电荷态的变化规律,研究了储存环在冷却段的β函数和色散函数对冷却时间的影响.     

CSRm闭轨畸变及其校正的模拟研究

在给定的磁铁安装误差和磁场加工误差的条件下,对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环主环的闭轨畸变及其校正进行了计算机模拟研究,在典型的误差分布下,校正前的水平方向及垂直方向的最大闭轨畸变分别为3.08mm和2.73mm,校正模拟的结果显示CSRm的闭轨畸变可以控制在足够小的范围内.