圆柱壳体瞬态辐射噪声评估算法

通过自身传感器实测振动数据快速评估瞬态辐射噪声,对及时排除故障,保持水下目标隐蔽性具有重要的意义。本文提出一种基于加速度阵列测试数据的圆柱壳体瞬态辐射声场的工程估算方法:借鉴工况传递分析的思路,分析求解瞬态振-声传递率矩阵,将瞬态激励壳体振动的测量数据代入,就可以估算壳体辐射声压级。在振-声传递率求解的过程中引入截断奇异值分解法,改善求逆时的病态矩阵,减少测试中背景干扰带来的估计误差。试验结果证实,该方法可以用来快速评估空气中敲击圆柱壳体所产生的瞬态辐射噪声,大部分频段噪声级估计误差在3 d B以内。本方法可望提供快速估计圆柱形壳体振动水下辐射噪声级借鉴和参考。     

水下复杂壳体结构在多源激励下的振动及声辐射特性研究

为了综合评估水下复杂壳体结构在多源激励下的振动与声辐射特性,专门设计了一个多舱段复杂壳体模型,分别进行了单台设备激励、多台设备激励的壳体振动与声辐射试验。试验结果表明,多源激励下的结构响应和辐射声场可以近似为单源激励下结构响应和辐射声场的非相干叠加。通过对激励源与结构响应、辐射声场之间传递关系的理论分析,讨论了以单源激励响应非相干叠加合成得到多源激励响应的合理性和误差。研究结果对复杂壳体结构在实际激励下的振动与噪声预报具有重要价值。      

内部体积源作用下的圆柱壳内外声场特性

圆柱壳内各型体积源辐射噪声特性研究是声场建模和声场预报的前提.为了研究具有指向性的大尺度体积源特性对水下航行器结构内外声场的影响,本文结合薄壳理论、等效源和柱腔Green函数构造了体积源激励下的壳体振动耦合方程,研究了体积源表面声散射作用和指向性强弱对圆柱壳内外声场的影响.数值计算结果表明,体积源构造的准确性与其等效源位置有关,等效源配置在体积源几何中心与其结构表面之间0.4—0.6时,可以提高声场计算结果的准确性;大尺度体积源表面的声散射作用会导致壳体内部声场结构发生改变,内声场声腔共振峰发生偏移,并且在部分频段引起较强的声透射现象;此外,体积源指向性变化对壳体内外声场强弱影响较小,其显著作用表现在改变了外辐射声场的远场指向性.该研究结果对噪声预报和控制有一定的参考价值.     

水中弹性圆柱壳的共振声辐射

研究了在内壁简谐法向线力激励下的水中弹性圆柱壳的振动和声辐射问题，这有助于深入认识水中结构的声辐射机理，验证水下结构共振声辐射理论。本文从经典Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ简正级数解出发导出共振声辐射公式，然后分别用经典公式和共振声辐射公式计算钢圆柱壳的辐射声功率及壳体表面声压曲线。计算结果表明两者符合良好。     

船舶典型结构损耗因子实验及应用

损耗因子是衡量系统阻尼特性并决定其振动能量耗散能力的重要参数,对船舶水下噪声预报分析具有重要影响。针对船舶结构特点,选取内底板、舱壁板和甲板等典型结构建立实验模型,基于瞬态衰减法,对船舶典型结构损耗因子进行测试,分析、掌握其特性规律。在此基础上,开展船舶典型结构损耗因子水下噪声预报应用研究,结果表明,损耗因子对船舶水下噪声预报具有较大影响,尤其高频段水下辐射噪声对损耗因子更为敏感,进行船舶水下噪声预报时需开展相关损耗因子测试。     

水中有限长加肋圆柱壳体振动和声辐射近似解析解

加肋圆柱壳体是水下航行器的主要结构形式。将肋骨对壳体的作用简化为只有法向力,本文导出了水中有限长加肋圆柱壳体的振动和声辐射的近似解析解。其中肋骨的作用表现为在无肋的耦合振动方程中增加附加阻抗,因此壳体的振动和声辐射由壳体的机械阻抗、流体的辐射声阻抗和肋骨的附加阻抗所决定。数值计算例子表明,在低频情况下,加肋对辐射声功率影响不大,但将降低表面平均振速,从而增加声辐射效率。     

部分浸没圆柱壳声固耦合计算的半解析法研究

部分浸没圆柱壳-流场耦合系统的声振分析是一种典型的半空间域内声固耦合问题,其振动及声学计算目前主要依赖于数值方法求解,但无论从检验数值法还是从机理上揭示其声固耦合特性,解析或半解析方法的发展都是不可或缺的.本文提出了一种半解析方法,先将声场坐标系建立在自由液面上,采用正弦三角级数来满足自由液面上的声压释放边界条件;接着基于二维Flügge薄壳理论建立了以圆柱圆心为坐标原点的壳-液耦合系统的控制方程;然后再利用Galerkin法处理声固耦合界面的速度连续条件,推导得到声压幅值与壳体位移幅值之间的关系矩阵并求解该耦合系统的振动和水下声辐射.与有限元软件Comsol进行了耦合系统自由、受迫振动和水下辐射噪声计算结的对比分析,表明本文方法准确可靠.本文的研究为解析求解弹性结构与声场部分耦合的声振问题提供了新的思路.     

旋转圆柱壳体切削噪声的统计能量分析

用传统的理论或实验方法研究切削过程中各个声辐射体对总体切削噪声的贡献比较困难和繁杂.本文利用相关输入下非保守耦合系统的统计能量分析原理对薄壁圆柱壳体的切削噪声进行了研究.对于该原理所涉及的参数估计理论或测量技术以及建模等其他重要问题也进行了讨论和说明.研究结果表明,切削噪声主要产生于工件的声辐射,统计能量分析法可以成功地应用于大型圆柱壳体切削噪声的研究之中.     

船舶典型结构损耗因子试验及应用研究

损耗因子是衡量系统阻尼特性并决定其振动能量耗散能力的重要参数,对船舶水下噪声预报分析具有重要影响。针对船舶结构特点,选取内底板、舱壁板和甲板等典型结构建立试验模型,基于瞬态衰减法,对船舶典型结构损耗因子进行测试,分析、掌握其特性规律。在此基础上,开展船舶典型结构损耗因子水下噪声预报应用研究,结果表明,损耗因子对船舶水下噪声具有较大影响,进行船舶水下噪声预报时需开展相关损耗因子测试。     

水下对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声机理与预报方法*

水下对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声的预报对于水下目标的特征提取和分类识别具有重要意义。由桨叶的旋转引起的湍流场是水下对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声的源场。分述了水下对转螺旋桨湍流边界层脉动、旋转干涉效应和空化效应引发的水动力噪声机制和研究进展,比较了目前工程应用中的3种对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声预报方法的特点。在分析对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声数值预报难点的基础上,综述了对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声计算方法的研究进展,指出间接数值模拟方法是工程中进行对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声预报的有效方法。     

Numerical analysis of immersed finite cylindrical shells using a coupled BEM/FEM and spatial spectrum approach

This study numerically analyzes submerged cylindrical shells using a coupled boundary element method (BEM) with finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with the wave number theory, in which the spatial Fourier transform of surface velocity for cylinders is directly related to pressure in a far field. The acoustic loading is formulated using a symmetric complex matrix derived from a boundary integral equation where the symmetry is based on an acoustic reciprocal principle for surface acoustics. In this formulation the acoustic loading matrix is a large acoustic element whose degree of freedom is connected to the normal displacement of the vibrating structures. The coupled BEM/FEM equation is a banded, symmetric matrix, and thus its bandwidth can be minimized using a proper algorithm. This formulation significantly increases numerical efficiency. The computed normal velocity is thus transformed to wave number representation to examine acoustic radiation. A finite plane cylindrical shell, without attached stiffeners, and a shell with internal ring stiffeners are chosen to demonstrate the present analysis procedure. The far field pressure computed directly from the integral equation and predicted by wave number theory correlates closely with increasing vibrating frequency. Meanwhile, the influences of the internal ring structures on acoustic radiation are examined using the wave number theory, which helps in understanding how internal structures influence radiated noise.     

Dynamic behavior and sound transmission analysis of a fluid-structure coupled system using the direct-BEM/FEM

A direct-BEM/Fem method was proposed to analyze the vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics of a submerged structure. Model parameters of the structure and the fluid-structure interaction due to surrounding water were analyzed by using FEM and direct BEM. Vibration velocity of the outer hull surface and underwater sound pressure were computed through modal superposition technique. The direct-BEM/FEM method was first validated by analyzing a submerged cylindrical shell, then was used to analyze the vibro-acoustic behavior of a submarine stern structure. The results have demonstrated the direct-BEM/FEM method is more effective than FEM in computing the underwater sound radiation of the stern structure.     

环筋对水下平底圆柱壳的声振特性影响

本文建立了计算两端带平底板的有限长圆柱壳水中声辐射的FEM／BEM三维模型，探索了加筋的高度、宽度、数目对平底圆柱壳的辐射功率、辐射效率、法向声强、声场指向性的影响规律。计算方法是在有限元软件ANSYS中做加筋平底圆柱壳建模、模态分析基础上，将有关数据（网格、模态）导入边界元软件SYSNOISE中计算流体结构耦合状态下的辐射声场特性。结果表明：（1）随着环筋高度、宽度增大，激励点声压峰和法向声强峰在0-400Hz频率范围内数目减少且峰向高频方向移动，同时辐射声功率在减小（除个别模态峰值外），而辐射效率随筋高增大而增大。（2）环筋数目的增加使激励点辐射声压和法向声强峰数目明显减少，使辐射声功率明显低于无筋圆柱壳的辐射声功率，辐射效率随环筋数目增大而增大。（3）环筋宽度变化对声场指向性影响不大；圆柱壳声场指向性随环筋高度和数目增加出现较大变化，尤其是在研究的频段内的f=51Hz和f=301Hz上。这对于水下结构辐射噪声预报以及噪声抑制具有重要意义。     

Acoustic scattering from fluid-filled finite cylindrical shell in water:Ⅱ.Experiment

Acoustic scattering from the submerged fluid-filled finite cylindrical shell insonified by an incident plane wave is studied experimentally and theoretically.A monostic broadband transducer with the sharp directivity is used in the experiment.The broadband LFM signal and the single-frequency narrow pulse are used to measure the backscattering field of the cylindrical shell.The measured results have a good agreement with the theory both in time and frequency domain.The theoretical and experimental results show that the resonances of several additional waves which are caused by the internal fluid are presented in the frequency domain.And a series of ’whispering gallery’ waves produced by the waves reflected back and forth in the internal fluid filled in the cylindrical shell are added.The reason for the clustering of the bowl-shape resonance curves in the frequency-angle spectrum is explained as the superposition of the first several modes of ’whispering gallery’ waves.     

充水有限长圆柱薄壳声散射:Ⅱ.实验

从实验和理论上研究了充水有限长圆柱薄壳的声散射。实验采用指向性尖锐的宽带收发合置换能器,发射宽带调频信号和单频窄脉冲信号进行测量,所得结果分别在时域和频域上与理论计算结果相对比,证明其吻合程度很好。理论和实验的结果表明,内部充水圆柱壳在频域上增加了一组由内部流体负载引起的附加波的共振;而在时域上增加了一系列由于声波在壳体内来回反射产生的"回音廊"式回波。频率-角度图中"碗"形亮线出现分簇的原因解释为前几种模式"回音廊"式回波叠加的结果。      

Acoustic radiation from the submerged circular cylindrical shell treated with active constrained layer damping

Based on the transfer matrix method of exploring the circular cylindrical shell treated with active constrained layer damping(i.e., ACLD), combined with the analytical solution of the Helmholtz equation for a point source, a multi-point multipole virtual source simulation method is for the first time proposed for solving the acoustic radiation problem of a submerged ACLD shell. This approach, wherein some virtual point sources are assumed to be evenly distributed on the axial line of the cylindrical shell, and the sound pressure could be written in the form of the sum of the wave functions series with the undetermined coefficients, is demonstrated to be accurate to achieve the radiation acoustic pressure of the pulsating and oscillating spheres respectively. Meanwhile, this approach is proved to be accurate to obtain the radiation acoustic pressure for a stiffened cylindrical shell. Then, the chosen number of the virtual distributed point sources and truncated number of the wave functions series are discussed to achieve the approximate radiation acoustic pressure of an ACLD cylindrical shell. Applying this method, different radiation acoustic pressures of a submerged ACLD cylindrical shell with different boundary conditions, different thickness values of viscoelastic and piezoelectric layer, different feedback gains for the piezoelectric layer and coverage of ACLD are discussed in detail. Results show that a thicker thickness and larger velocity gain for the piezoelectric layer and larger coverage of the ACLD layer can obtain a better damping effect for the whole structure in general. Whereas, laying a thicker viscoelastic layer is not always a better treatment to achieve a better acoustic characteristic.     

降低加肋双层圆柱壳辐射噪声线谱的结构声学设计

为降低双层圆柱壳辐射噪声线谱,从控制内壳振动响应和衰减壳间振动传递率进行结构声学设计。采用机械阻抗理论分析了环肋圆柱壳模态响应控制机理;由环肋振动方程推导分析了环肋径向机械阻抗特性;基于阻抗失配、波形转换原理提出一种阻抗加强环肋,分析了振动波阻抑特性;利用阻尼减振技术,综合考虑肋板的刚度、阻尼特性,设计了金属橡胶层叠肋板;结合数值计算实例,分析了设计双层壳模型的声辐射性能。结果表明:设计的双层加肋圆柱壳结构能有效降低辐射噪声线谱,在分析频段内辐射声压线谱平均降低约6.6 dB。研究结果对研制低噪声水下航行器具有良好的工程价值和应用前景。      

水下圆柱壳结构表面振速插值方法及其辐射声场预测

提出一种圆柱壳表面速度的全局插值算法,表面速度函数周向采用Fourier级数、轴向采用分段Lagrange函数表示,利用圆柱壳结构表面有限位置处的测量数据,计算得到速度函数的级数展开式系数,然后对表面其它位置处的振速进行插值,避免了传统的局部插值和离散产生的误差。数值算例验证了该插值方法能通过有限点位置处的数据,获取连续光滑的表面速度分布,并能满足圆柱壳辐射声场预测的需求。进而,在实验条件下,使用该插值方法对双层圆柱壳水下辐射声场进行了预测,实验结果表明通过该插值方法得到壳体表面速度分布,利用快速边界元方法计算得到的预测声场与实测声场有很好的一致性,验证了该插值方法在圆柱壳辐射声场预测中的正确性和工程适用性。