基于超疏水高黏附结构的痕量农药分子现场检测SERS基底研究

多种农药,包括孔雀石绿（MG）作为禁用兽药,存在食用致癌的风险。由于MG低廉的价格和极好的药效,在渔业养殖中一直被不法商贩非法使用,使得鱼类生鲜中时有MG残留检出。针对MG分子痕量残留的检测,目前一般是抽取少量养殖水样,再利用高效液相色谱柱、液相色谱-光谱等方法来评估其是否超标。这类传统的检测方法一般需要依赖价格昂贵的大型设备,且检测过程操作繁琐复杂,单次检测耗时长、价格高,因而与农贸市场中商品流通量大、速度快、价格需亲民低廉等特点和要求不相符合。近年来,表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）检测技术以及便携式拉曼光谱仪的出现,有望实现对痕量农药分子的现场快速检测,进而很好地解决这一问题。SERS检测技术利用金属纳米结构的表面等离激元效应感应位于其结构表面附近的分子,得到分子种类和浓度信息。为了降低可检测的浓度极限,一般会在SERS基底上利用咖啡环效应或其他手段将待测分子蒸发富集,以获得足够高的信号强度。针对亲水基底,液滴与基底相接触后,会在基底表面摊开,使其分布面积扩大,导致其咖啡环周长变长,分子分布浓度随之降低。而当采用疏水基底富集时,由于常规的疏水基底表面黏附性小,液滴在其表面处于随处滚动无法抓取的状态,极大增加了操作的难度。以MG分子痕量残留的检测为例,由于农贸市场人员众多、无专业实验平台,磕碰撞击时有发生,在此环境下采用疏水SERS基底对农药分子进行检测显然是不可取的。该研究提出一种基于超疏水高黏附纳米森林结构的SERS基底用于痕量MG分子的快速现场检测。相比于超疏水SERS基底,所提出的超疏水高黏附基底利用其高黏附性可牢固抓取待测液滴,解决了以往超疏水基底在实际现场检测中存在液滴滚动无法操作的问题。此外,与亲水基底相比,超疏水高黏附基底由于接触角大,可将咖啡环面积缩小5.73倍,继而使分子的富集浓度提高5.73倍,最终使检测极限浓度降低了至少两个数量级。研究所提出的超疏水高黏附SERS基底有望在痕量农药分子快速现场检测中得到应用。     

二次离子质谱分析技术及应用研究

二次离子质谱(SIMS)是离子质谱学的一个分支,也是表面分析的有利工具.该方法能检测出微小区域内的微量成分,绝对检出限10-12-10-19g;相对检出限ppm-ppb;具有能进行杂质深度剖析和各种元素在微区范围内同位素丰度比的测量.结合IMS-6f型二次离子质谱仪器,本文对SIMS仪器和技术应用进行了综述.     

表面增强拉曼光谱技术在多元病原菌同时检测中的应用策略

水、空气、食品、灰尘和排泄物中广泛存在食源性病原菌,由此引发的感染性疾病严重危害人类健康。因此,开发病原菌的快速检测方法尤为必要。由于实际样品中的病原菌往往共生存在,所以多元病原菌的同步灵敏检测是微生物检测领域的重点与难点。分子生物学和免疫组化分析技术都在此领域进行过一些尝试,但由于引物设计与抗体的局限性,这两种技术在实际应用中的效果并不十分理想。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术由于具有快速、无损、高分辨率、不受水分干扰、可原位检测等显著优势,在多元病原菌同步检测领域获得了重要应用。从应用原理、特点和效果等方面出发,系统阐述了SERS技术在多元病原菌同时检测中的应用策略。首先对SERS基底材料与病原菌的结合方式进行简要概述,再以检测策略为主线,从直接法和间接法两种策略出发进行介绍。直接法通过基底材料的信号放大作用直接获得病原菌本身的光谱信息,步骤简便,操作快捷,在多元病原菌判别分析、定量分析与即时检测(POCT)中被广泛应用。但由于光谱信息量大,往往需要与多元统计分析方法、成像技术和微流控器件等联用。间接法一般需要借助拉曼信号分子和适配体、抗体等识别元件,将对病原菌的检测转换为对信号分...     

银修饰的氨基改性粉末多孔材料作为表面增强拉曼光谱基底用于检测有机磷农药的研究

本文提出了一种新型的基于银修饰的氨基改性粉末多孔材料的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)检测方法,以乐果为探针分子,分析了银溶胶的量和反应时间对基底SERS活性的影响。乐果和水胺硫磷在以银溶胶为基底时,分别只能检测到100mg/L和7mg/L,而以银修饰的氨基改性粉末多孔材料为基底时,乐果和水胺硫磷的最低检测浓度分别达到0.5mg/L和0.14mg/L,说明该基底具有很好的增强效果。此外,检测低浓度下乐果和水胺硫磷的混合农药溶液,各农药的特征峰在谱图中仍然能清晰可辨。根据实验结果可以推测,银修饰的氨基改性粉末多孔材料作为SERS基底,可以有效地应用于有机磷农药残留的检测。     

对氨基苯甲酸在不同基底上的SERS研究

用氢气还原氧化银的方法合成了粒径约为100nm的银纳米粒子,然后在表面经PVP修饰的载玻片上以自组装的方式构筑了银纳米粒子单层和双层二维有序阵列,在铝基底上通过对氨基苯甲酸成功构筑了银纳米粒子的有序组装体,用扫描电镜进行了表征;对不同基底二维有序阵列的表面增强拉曼光谱进行了研究,结果表明,对氨基苯甲酸在银和铝基基底上都是垂直吸附,其表面拉曼增强效应是电磁场增强占主导地位,但同时也有化学增强的贡献。     

激光烧蚀法制备Au SERS活性基底

利用Nd:YAG(1064 nm)脉冲激光器对处于二次去离子水中的Au片进行烧蚀,我们可以得到nm级粗糙Au表面。利用激光烧蚀法可以制备出"化学纯净"的Au粗糙片,而不引入杂质离子。通过用C60作为探针分子,对这种粗糙Au表面的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)进行研究发现,这种Au片是一种高效的SERS活性增强基底,其增强因子可达4×103。     

二硫化四甲基秋兰姆的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

制备了两种简单常用的具有表面增强拉曼(SERS)活性的银基底—银镜和硝酸刻蚀银箔,并应用于二硫化四甲基秋兰姆(福美双)的检测及其结构变化的分析。SERS技术提供了不同浓度下的二硫化四甲基秋兰姆分子的振动信息,发现当其与金属银基底作用后,二硫键断裂,并且通过化学作用吸附在银基底表面。通过分析不同浓度福美双分子吸附在银表面的拉曼光谱,证明其在金属表面存在两种吸附方式即表现为单齿形和双齿形两种几何形状。这些光谱及结构信息有助于理解和检测自然环境中二硫化四甲基秋兰姆及其分解产物。同时也对二硫代氨基甲酸盐类化合物的研究有一定的借鉴意义。     

二维银球腔阵列的制备及其在SERS检测中的应用

以密堆积的700 nm单分散聚苯乙烯微球为模板,采用多电流阶跃方法制备了不同深度的二维有序微/纳尺度银球腔阵列。通过扫描电子显微镜,反射紫外对球腔形貌及表面等离子体共振进行了表征,以对氨基苯硫酚及罗丹明6G为探针分子进行了表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的研究。结果表明,通过控制电化学沉积的条件可以实现对球腔形貌的控制。以该种球腔阵列作为SERS基底,其增强因子可达107,并具有良好的信号重现性,信号间相对标准偏差小于8%。该基底用于对罗丹明6G的定量检测,检测限可达0.1 ng·mL-1。     

银纳米立方三维SERS基底制备及用于多种溶剂中农药的快速检测

使用种子生长法制备得到银纳米立方,扫描电镜的表征结果表明制备得到的银纳米立方尺寸为(61.5±4.4) nm,相对标准偏差为7.2%。利用表面替换技术将其表面的CTAC替换为更有利于SERS检测的柠檬酸根。然后基于具有超润滑特性的SLIPS衬底,构建出以银立方作为组装单元的具有三维热点的SERS基底。利用该三维SERS基底分别检测了水中的三环唑和乙醇中的福美双,检测限分别可达到52.8和41.6 nmol·L-1。实验结果表明银立方三维热点SERS基底具有较高的灵敏度,能够应用于多种溶剂中农药的快速检测,对于实际场景下农药残留的快速检测具有重要的意义。     

一种简单的方法制备SERS基底用于染料分子的富集、降解与检测

用一种简单的方法制备银纳米粒子, 研究了此纳米粒子作为SERS基底、吸附剂和光催化剂的多功能性。在光照条件下研究其对染料分子的光催化性能, 用紫外光谱和表面增强拉曼光谱对整个光催化过程进行动态跟踪检测, 实验结果表明染料分子光照条件下确实被催化降解了。本实验不仅合成了多功能的基底材料, 还赋予了表面增强拉曼光谱新的应用价值, 为光催化实验提供了新的动态跟踪检测方法。     

Speckle characteristics of a broad-area VCSEL in the incoherent emission regime

We present a technique to reduce the speckle contrast of a NIR broad-area VCSEL based on the spatially incoherent emission regime that can be obtained when using the proper driving conditions. We evaluate the efficiency of this technique to reduce the speckle contrast by comparing it with the speckle characteristics in multimode emission under cw operation. Depending on the illumination setup, the incoherent emission regime can lead to a strongly reduced speckle contrast down to 1.3%. This is in agreement with estimates of the expected speckle contrast reduction when three contrast reducing effects are taken into account. These low contrast values make the investigated sources attractive for several applications that suffer from speckle noise.     

Structural characterization of ultrathin Cr and Sc films for soft X-ray mirrors

The structure of multilayers of ultrathin scandium (Sc) and chromium (Cr) films has been characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Face centered cubic Sc was found both in magnetron sputtered thin Sc layers on Si(0 0 1) and in Cr/Sc multilayers for soft X-ray mirrors. The single Sc and Cr layers are polycrystalline with randomly oriented grains, while Sc and Cr within the Cr/Sc multilayer show a strong [0 0 1] texture in the deposition direction. From high-resolution images the orientation-relationship at the Cr/Sc interfaces could be deduced as: Sc_[110]//Cr_[100] and Sc_[010]//Cr_[110], which was confirmed by image simulations.     

Optical transmission through an interface between subwavelength slits

This paper studies optical transmission through an interface between two slits with different widths in a sheet composed of an ideal conductor. Such a structure is of potential use in fabricating optical diode and may be the simplest one compared to other designs. Our calculations show that there is a critical wavelength. When the light wavelength is below the critical wavelength, the transmissivity is unidirectional. The expression of the stable transmissivity as a function of the ratio of the widths of the two slits was obtained analytically. Particularly, at the critical wavelength, the transmissivities are zero. This phenomenon has great potential for application in the manufacture of wavelength blockers.     

Effect of Ir(pq)2acac doping on CBP in phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes

Doping is one of the most powerful methods amongst the various performance improvement ways. Doping affects the energy levels of the host layer by the energy level of the dopant. This allows the energy bandgap to be adjusted to a desired level and thus generates light corresponding to that energy level. Alternatively, it can act as an energy barrier between the interfaces to change the flow of carriers. In this study, the voltage dependences of undoped and doped devices were observed. Bis(2-phenylquinoline) iridium(III) (acetylacetonate) (Ir(pq)₂acac) was doped in 4,4′-N, N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) as the emission layer. The light intensity changes with the doping concentration, and the efficiency was also studied. When a high voltage was applied, the effect of triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) adversely affected the electron-hole recombination. We analyzed the optimal operating conditions and the effect of doping concentration on OLEDs.     

Grain boundary potential and charge density at grain boundaries of chemically prepared thin silver sulfide films

The grain boundary potential and interface state charge density at the grain boundaries of silver sulfide (Ag₂S) thin films prepared by chemical conversion of cadmium sulfide (CdS) films have been determined from the dc resistance of the material and are found to be sensitive to annealing. A reduction in the grain boundary potential and the grain boundary charge density of the film has been noticed when the source CdS film is annealed at different temperatures prior to chemical conversion. The variation in the grain boundary charge density of the grown Ag₂S film with source annealing temperature has been found to be similar to that of thin cadmium sulfide film, reported earlier. An additional low temperature heat treatment of the sample results in an enhancement in the charge density at the grain boundaries. The change in the silver vacancy and/or oxygen and sulfur content of the films as revealed from the energy dispersive spectra of the films suggests possible role of film composition on the grain boundary charge density.     

三螺旋DNA分子Poly(dT)·Poly(dA)·Poly(dT)碱基振动模式

利用晶格动力学方法计算了三螺旋 DNA分子 poly(d T)· poly(d A)· poly(d T)碱基振动模式 ,并根据势能分布矩阵对碱基振动模式进行了指定。计算的模式频率同拉曼光谱实验相符合     

XYZ particles at Belle

In this paper, I review recent progress in the study of the XYZ particles at Belle. I only focus on studies with charmonium and one or more light mesons in the final states. This covers the X(3872), X(3915),Y(4140), X(4350), and the charged Z states.     

Belle实验观测到新类粲偶素结构

利用在Υ(nS)(n=1,2,4,5)共振态及其附近采集的大量数据,Belle实验测量了末态中含两个矢量粒子的双光子过程γγ→J/ψ和ωJ/ψ.在这两个过程中,发现了两个窄共振结构X(4350)和X(3915).这两个新结构的性质目前尚不清楚,可能是普通粲偶素粒子,也可能是含一对粲夸克和一对轻夸克的四夸克态,或含一对粲夸克和一个激发胶子的混杂态,或是由其他未知的动力学原因造成的奇特结构.Belle同时发现在γγ→J/ψ过程中,不存在显著的Y(4140)的信号,实验结果与将Y(4140)解释为四夸克态的部分理论预期有较大差异.     

Effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on photoluminescence properties of ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films

We report a study on the SHI induced modifications on structural and optical properties of ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical route using 2-mercaptoethanol as a capping agent. The structure of ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD, SEM and TEM. These ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in the PMMA matrix to form ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films by the solution cast method. These ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films were then irradiated by swift heavy ion irradiation (Ni⁸⁺ ion beam, 100 MeV) at a fluence of 1×10¹¹ ions/cm². The nanocomposite films were then characterized by XRD, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. As revealed from the absorption spectra, absorption edge is not changed by the irradiation but the optical absorption is increased. Enhanced green luminescence at about 527 nm and a less intense blue emission peak around 460 nm were observed after irradiation with respect to the pristine ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite film.     

The effect of phonon anisotropic scattering on the thermal conductivity of silicon thin films at 300K and 400K

Previous studies have shown that anisotropy in phonon transport exist because of the difference in phonon dispersion relation due to different lattice directions, as observed by a difference in in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities. Our current work intends to study the effect of anisotropy scattering on silicon thermal conductivity at 300 K and 400 K. We adopt the Henyey and Greenstein probability density function in our phonon Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the effect of highly forward and backward scattering events. The impact of applying the anisotropy scattering using this approach is discussed in detail. While the forward and backward scattering will increase and decrease thermal conductivity respectively, the extent of the effect is non-linear such that forward scattering has a more obvious effect on thermal conductivity than backward scattering.