原子捕集—火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钯

本文系统地考察了原子捕集测定钯的条件及十余种常见阳离子的干扰情况。在本文所述条件下,用镀Al_2O_3石英管所获得的原子捕集灵敏度较常规原子吸收光谱法高26倍,用K_2Cr_2O_7溶液喷镀的石英管较常规法高208倍。     

原子捕集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定中草药中痕量镉

考察了火焰条件、捕集管与燃烧器和光束的距离、冷却水流量、捕集时间等实验条件对原子捕集 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定镉的灵敏度的影响 ,实验优选出的最佳实验条件为 :乙炔流量 90L·h- 1 ,捕集管距离燃烧器缝口 5mm ,捕集管距离光束 2mm ,冷却水流量 1 5L·min- 1 ;采用 5 0ng·mL- 1 的镉标准溶液对吸光度与捕集时间的关系进行了考察 ,结果发现 ,在 0～ 6min的捕集时间内二者呈良好的线性关系。在最佳实验条件下 ,捕集时间为 2min时 ,镉的特征浓度为 1 8ng·mL- 1 ,检出限为 0 4 2ng·mL- 1 ,分别较常规火焰原子吸收光谱法的特征浓度和检出限改善了 16倍和 5倍 ,方法的精密度 (RSD)为 1 8%。利用所建立的原子捕集 火焰原子吸收光谱法 ,在最佳实验条件下 ,对人参、丹参、苦参和党参及其水煎液中的痕量镉进行了测定 ,样品的测定回收率在 89 5 %～ 10 4 %之间 ,结果令人满意。     

离子交换—原子捕集—火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中的超痕量镉

在本文提供的条件下，镉的原子捕集灵敏度较常规法高81倍，再考虑到离子交换法的浓缩倍数至少可达40倍，因此可使镉的测定灵敏度至少提高3240倍，从而成功地测定了水中ppt级的超痕量镉。     

石英缝管原子捕集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中的铅

采用石英缝管原子捕集技术,可实现原子高效捕集和瞬间释放,使火焰原子吸收法测定铅的灵敏度比常规FAAS测定铅的灵敏度提高三至四倍。精密度与火焰原子吸收法相同。通过实验,建立了石英缝管原子捕集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中铅的分析方法,方法的检出限（CL）可达3.82μg/g,精密度（RSD）可达1.72%,应用于化探样品中铅的测定效果令人满意。     

离子交换—原子捕集法测定水中的痕量铜

本文采用离子交换富集，以镀Ａｌ２Ｏ３石英管和为捕集器，用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水听铜，获得了满意的结果。原子捕集法的灵敏度为常规ＡＡＳ法的１９２倍。总灵敏度提高７６４０倍。     

APDC共沉淀分离富集—火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定明矾中的痕量铅

本文研究了ＡＰＤＣ－Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）共沉淀分离富集，开槽管原子捕集火焰原子吸收光谱测定铅的条件，发现痕量铅在ｐＨ值为２－８条件下能被ＡＰＤＣ－Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）定量共沉淀，方法的检出限可达１．５×１０＾－２μｇ／ｍＬ。用于明矾中痕量铅的分离富集和测定，共存物质不产生干扰，样品６次平行测定的相对标准偏差〈４％。加标回收率在９８％－１０３％之间。     

离子交换－原子捕集法测定水中的痕量铜

本文采用离子交换富集，以镀Ａｌ２Ｏ３石英管作为捕集器，用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中的铜，获得了满意的结果。原子捕集法的灵敏度为常规ＡＡＳ法的１９２倍，总灵敏度提高７６４倍。     

单缝石英管原子捕集原子吸收光谱法测定净水剂中铅

本文研究了单缝石英管贫焰捕集 脉冲富焰释放原子捕集原子吸收光谱法测定净水剂中的铅 ,对测定条件和干扰元素进行了探讨 ,拟定了简便、快速测定净水剂中铅的新方法。本法线性范围为 0～ 10 0 μg·L-1,回收率为 97%～ 10 3% ,相对标准偏差为 2 6 %～ 2 8% ,用于实际样品中铅的测定 ,结果满意     

微量进样火焰原子吸收法测定血球血浆中锌的含量

本文介绍在国产ＷＹＸ－４０２型原子吸收分光光度计上，用微量进样测定血球、血浆中Ｚｎ的含量，获得了与常规原子吸收法相同的灵敏度，一次测定的进样量为３００μＬ，测得血球中锌的平均回收率为９７．９％，相对标准偏差为３．４％，血浆中锌平均回收率为１００．８５，相对标准偏差为３．３％。     

湿法灰化火焰原子吸收光谱测定胭脂花中微量锌

本文采用ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４湿灰化法火焰原子吸收光谱测定胭脂花种子，胚乳，叶片和枝中的微量锌，实测了４０多个样品，该法与常规的比色法相比，具有较高的灵敏度和准确度，简化了处理手续，缩短了测定时间，也减少了污染和测定元素处理过程中的损失。检出限为０．０１μｇ．ｇ＾－１。相对标准偏差小于５％，回收率在９５％－１０５％之间。     

Process of interstitial trapping by impurity

Details of the process of the interstitial trapping by substitutional He impurity in the b.c.c. -Fe crystal were investigated by a computer simulation method. It was found that the trapping region which includes 24 atom places surrounding the impurity was anysotropic and stretched along the close-packed direction. In the trapping process the self-interstitial atom substitutes He atom. In this case He is replaced and produced a stable static crowdion along the 〈100〉 direction. The binding energy of such a configuration is positive and equal to 1,67 ev.     

介绍几种粒子阱的量子及经典理论

介绍了几种粒子阱的量子理论，并提出一种经典处理方法来解释粒子被磁场及激光束的囚禁     

Studies of vacancies and vacancy-impurity pairs in Cu-0.5 at. % Ge by means of positron annihilation

Positron annihilation in Cu-0.5 at. % Ge as a function of measuring temperature has been studied. By the use of the trapping model, the formation energy of a vacancy in copper and the binding energy between a germanium atom and a vacancy have been determined to be 1.28 and 0.27 eV, respectively.     

Improved Performance of On-line Atom Trapping in Flame Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry by Chemical Vapor Generation: Determination of Cadmium in High-Salinity Water Samples

ABSTRACT

On-line atom trapping inside a nickel flame furnace using chemical vapor generation for sample introduction was proposed for the determination of trace cadmium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Cadmium volatile species was generated upon reaction with potassium borohydride and then flushed into a flame furnace for on-line trapping by a flow of nitrogen carrier gas. The middle part of the flame furnace, where the carrier gas impacts, is cooled by the gas flow, and this provides a fine strategy for on-line atom trapping for the purpose of preconcentration. A stainless steel plate is put on the top of the flame burner in the middle to form a flame-free zone, which also greatly lowers the temperature of the flame furnace and facilitates the atom-trapping process. Due to the introduction of chemical vapor generation, matrix effect was greatly alleviated compared with direct pneumatic nebulization for on-line atom trapping in flame furnace AAS. With trapping time of 35 s, the current approach achieved an excellent limit of detection of 20 ng L^?1. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantification of cadmium in high-salinity samples.     

用于原子干涉仪实验的锂原子的塞曼减速与磁光囚禁

为了制备适于原子干涉仪实验的低温锂原子样品,开展了锂原子的塞曼减速及与磁光阱囚禁相关的实验研究.设计并实现了一种结构紧凑的腔体内冷式多级线圈叠加的塞曼减速器,将速度小于600 m/s的7Li原子减速到60 m/s,磁光阱装载速率为5×108/s,囚禁原子数目1×109个,原子团的最低温度约为220±30μK.研究了光学黏胶中7Li原子的寿命与囚禁光频率失谐量的关系.这些结果为进一步开展7Li原子亚多普勒冷却、光势阱蒸发冷却以及原子干涉仪实验奠定了基础.     

Towards understanding the carbon trapping mechanism in copper by investigating the carbon-vacancy interaction

We propose a vacancy trapping mechanism for carbon-vacancy (C-V) complex formation in copper (Cu) according to the first-principles calculations of the energetics and kinetics of C-V interaction. Vacancy reduces charge density in its vicinity to induce C nucleation. A monovacancy is capable of trapping as many as four C atoms to form CnV (n=1,2,3,4) complexes. A single C atom prefers to interact with neighboring Cu at a vacancy with a trapping energy of 0.21 eV. With multiple C atoms added, they are preferred to bind with each other to form covalent-like bonds despite of the metallic Cu environment. For the CnV complexes, C2V is the major one due to its lowest average trapping energy (1.31 eV). Kinetically, the formation of the CnV complexes can be ascribed to the vacancy mechanism due to the lower activation energy barrier and the larger diffusion coefficient of vacancy than those of the interstitial C.     

三能级原子与少周期脉冲串作用中的相干布居捕获

研究了少周期脉冲串作用下三能级原子中的布居转移和相干布居捕获现象.在非旋波近似的情况下求解了密度矩阵方程.研究结果表明在等时间间隔的锁相脉冲作用下,系统能级的布居逐步转移并积累,系统基态相干也逐步积累.在满足脉冲重复频率为基态能级频差的整数分之一倍时,三能级系统和频率梳中两梳齿频率成分作用形成相干布居捕获现象,原子暗态布居值达到最大,介质对脉冲透明.在适当选取少周期脉冲参量的情况下,在0.5个ns的时间内三能级系统相干性演化到最大后到达稳态,相干布居捕获发生.与脉宽为100个fs的多周期脉冲相比,少周期脉冲串在介质中建立相干布居捕获的时间缩短两个数量级.由于频率梳中与三能级系统发生作用的梳频成份有相同的频移,相干布居捕获的条件双光子共振仍然满足.因而,当两基态能级频率差较大时,如果选取少周期脉冲载波频率为系统能级1至2和1至3的传输频率之和的一半ω=(ω₁+ω₂)/2,室温下原子热运动的引起的多普勒频移并不会破坏相干布居捕获.     

Coherent trapping of a three-level atom in a circularly polarized light

Using semiclassical theory, we study coherent trapping of a three-level atom, where the atom possesses a momentum of its center-of-mass motion and is irradiated only by a classical circularly polarized electromagnetic wave. We find that if the atom is initially in a coherent trapping state of it, under the zero- or first-order approximation, the atom is absolutely or nearly in the state hereafter.     

Trapping and coherent manipulation of a Rydberg atom on a microfabricated device: a proposal

We propose to apply atom-chip techniques to the trapping of a single atom in a circular Rydberg state. The small size of microfabricated structures will allow for trap geometries with microwave cut-off frequencies high enough to inhibit the spontaneous emission of the Rydberg atom, paving the way to complete control of both external and internal degrees of freedom over very long times. Trapping is achieved using carefully designed electric fields, created by a simple pattern of electrodes. We show that it is possible to excite, and then trap, one and only one Rydberg atom from a cloud of ground state atoms confined on a magnetic atom chip, itself integrated with the Rydberg trap. Distinct internal states of the atom are simultaneously trapped, providing us with a two-level system extremely attractive for atom-surface and atom-atom interaction studies. We describe a method for reducing by three orders of magnitude dephasing due to Stark shifts, induced by the trapping field, of the internal transition frequency. This allows for, in combination with spin-echo techniques, maintenance of an internal coherence over times in the second range. This method operates via a controlled light shift rendering the two internal states’ Stark shifts almost identical. We thoroughly identify and account for sources of imperfection in order to verify at each step the realism of our proposal.     

Extending the trapping lifetime of single atom in a microscopic far-off-resonance optical dipole trap

In our experiment, a single cesium atom prepared in a large-magnetic-gradient magneto–optical trap (MOT) can be efficiently transferred into a 1064-nm far-off-resonance microscopic optical dipole trap (FORT). The efficient transfer of the single atom between the two traps is used to determine the trapping lifetime and the effective temperature of the single atom in FORT. The typical trapping lifetime has been improved from ～ 6.9 s to ～ 130 s by decreasing the background pressure from ～ 1 × 10^–10 Torr to ～ 2 × 10^–11Torr and applying one-shot 10-ms laser cooling phase. We also theoretically investigate the dependence of trapping lifetimes of a single atom in a FORT on trap parameters based on the FORT beam’s intensity noise induced heating. Numerical simulations show that the heating depends on the FORT beam’s waist size and the trap depth. The trapping time can be predicted based on effective temperature measurement of a single atom in the FORT and the intensity noise spectra of the FORT beam. These experimental results are found to be in agreement with the predictions of the heating model.