振动结构耦合动刚度的间接逆子结构辨识方法

耦合动刚度是复杂耦合结构振动分析中的一个非常关键的参数,其精确辨识对于结构振动特性评估与控制设计非常重要。为将逆子结构动态分析方法推广应用于振动结构耦合动刚度辨识,在建立了耦合动刚度逆子结构分析模型后,提供一种通过频率响应函数反演耦合结构动刚度的方法——间接逆子结构辨识法。最后采用单点和三点耦合二级子结构“质量-胶垫”实验模型,验证了逆子结构辨识方法的理论有效性,包括辨识精度的误差分析.实验与理论分析结果的一致性表明,与现有的直接逆子结构动态分析方法相比,该方法较常规辨识方法具有适用条件范围更宽、辨识精度更高的优点,可以提高工程结构参数的辨识精度,具有更好的工程应用可行性与有效性,为逆子结构动态分析方法辨识振动结构耦合动刚度进一步提供理论依据。      

混凝土箱梁相似模型结构噪声对比分析*

为探讨混凝土箱梁噪声的时变特性,以京沪高铁32 m混凝土简支箱梁为原型,制作了1:10的缩尺模型,通过模态试验的方法验证箱梁模型与原型的相似关系,通过声学试验验证箱梁声学计算模型的正确性。然后,建立了箱梁缩尺模型与原型两种计算模型,利用有限元和边界元法求出两种模型的瞬态结构噪声。研究发现,箱梁缩尺模型与箱梁原型的材料参数满足一定关系,模型试验的方法能够验证箱梁模型与箱梁原型之间符合相似关系,箱梁模型的振动噪声测试结果能真实反映原型振动噪声水平。两种模型的结构噪声在时域内声压级及对应场点的声压存在一定相似关系。该研究可为箱梁缩尺模型结构噪声反演至箱梁原型提供依据,所采用的方法和得到的结果对桥梁结构振动与声辐射实验研究具有参考作用。     

面向多目标集成优化与二次烧结工艺的SiC反射镜组件超轻量化结构设计

为了满足高精密空间光学设备超轻量化要求,运用参数优化技术、有限元分析与先进碳化硅(SiC)制造技术,提出了一种多目标集成优化与二次烧结工艺相结合的Φ600mm反射镜组件超轻量化结构设计方法。X、Z两个方向上的SiC反射镜面形的均方根值(RMS)、重量为优化目标,将反射镜轴向厚度、镜面厚度等参数作为设计变量,获得了轻量化率为90.55%的超轻量化反射镜结构;提出反射镜支撑结构同样采用SiC材料,利用二次烧结工艺方法,将两者直接烧结成型,减少粘接装配环节,获得了轻量化率为92%的反射镜组件;利用有限元分析与试验对超轻量化结构设计方法的正确性和合理性进行了验证。结果表明：在重力载荷、温度载荷、镜面加工残差的综合影响下,反射镜组件面形误差RMS值为10.034nm,优于12.6nm的设计要求,且动态刚度良好,满足使用要求。     

柔性铰链结构特性对快速反射镜性能影响分析北大核心CSCD

柔性铰链作为快速反射镜(fast steering mirror,FSM)的关键部件之一,分析其结构特性对FSM性能的影响,用于指导FSM结构设计。通过将柔性铰链简化为弹性环节,等效为3轴的平动刚度和3轴的转动刚度,基于欧拉动力学,建立了两轴FSM的运动微分方程,搭建了FSM控制系统的Simulink仿真模型;在给定振动环境下,仿真分析了结构谐振频率对FSM性能的影响,指出平动固有频率越大,FSM锁零精度越高,平动固有频率选择在伺服系统增益交界频率2倍以上;考虑到锁零精度要求和电机力矩限制,转动固有频率选择在25 Hz~50 Hz。最后结合实物进行了振动试验,仿真结果与振动试验结果一致,验证了仿真模型的正确性。     

结构声辐射的振动模态分析和声辐射模态分析研究

基于辐射声功率的二次型表达式,采用有限元法、Rayleigh积分和边界元法对结构声辐射进行了振动模态分析和声辐射模态分析研究。振动模态间的耦合对辐射声功率影响的研究表明: 结构各阶振动模态自身对结构辐射声功率的贡献是增大结构的辐射声功率,而振动模态间的耦合可能会增大结构辐射声功率,也可能会减小结构辐射声功率,或对辐射声功率没有影响。而且,当振动模态间的耦合作用对辐射声功率的影响不大时,采用振动模态控制可取得较好的减振降噪双重控制效果。将混合的Helmholtz积分方程方法用广义逆引入到三维复杂结构声辐射分析的声辐射模态公式中,解决了特征频率下解不唯一问题。还研究了正方形封闭空间结构声辐射模态的辐射效率和形状,并对结构声辐射的振动模态控制和声辐射模态控制进行了讨论。     

双稳态结构中的1/2次谐波共振及其对隔振特性的影响

以典型的双稳态系统——屈曲梁结构为例,基于等效模型,结合解析、数值和实验手段,研究了双稳态结构中的1/2次谐波共振特性、演化过程、参数调节规律及其对隔振特性的影响.研究发现,当非线性刚度系数或激励幅值增加到一定程度时,系统会在一定带宽下产生显著的1/2次谐波共振;随着激励幅值增加,阻尼系统的1/2次谐波遵循“产生-增强-衰退-消失”的过程,该过程对峰值频率和峰值传递率有重要影响;适当提高非线性强度能有效改善双稳态结构隔振特性.针对双稳态屈曲梁结构开展的实验验证了1/2次谐波特性和隔振特性变化规律.     

同轴波导中二维金属光子晶体的电磁特性

在同轴传输线内外筒之间引入金属支撑杆,建立了同轴传输线中二维金属光子晶体的物理模型。利用等效电路方法分析其传播情况,通过低频和高频近似得到了两个特征频率。其中,金属光子晶体的第一个带隙从零频开始,到第一特征频率截止;第一个通带从第一特征频率开始,到第二特征频率截止;第一、第二特征频率与金属光子晶体的等效电参数相关。利用CST软件对模型进行了仿真计算,验证了等效电路分析结果的合理性。仿真结果显示,在沿纵向具有N个周期的有限结构中,光子晶体通带分裂成(N-1)个传输峰。并根据其电场分布得到了色散曲线。     

结构振动模态声辐射理论及试验研究

从结构振动声辐射的一般规律、自由声场的声功率辐射理论和结构振动模态原理入手,对结构振动模态的声辐射与外加激励、模态参数之间的关系进行了理论推导和研究,得到,当激振点不变,振动模态辐射的平均声压级的变化量与激振力级的变化量之比为1;若激振力不变,任意两点处激振振动模态辐射的平均声压级的变化量与相应点振型元素级的变化量之比为1.对以上结果试验验证表明:理论值与实测值基本相符.     

超导磁体螺栓结合面低温振动特性研究

振动特性对于超导磁体的各类工程应用具有重要意义, 螺栓法兰盘连接是超导磁体系统的一种常见的支撑结构类型, 然而螺栓结合面在低温条件下振动特性的相关研究目前尚少见报道. 本研究中设计加工了简化的连接结构, 在室温和液氮温度对其螺栓结合面进行振动特性的测试分析. 接下来, 采用集中质量法进行建模, 并利用振型、 频率与质量矩阵、 刚度矩阵的关系求解了不同螺栓预紧力情况下的刚度矩阵, 得到了系统总刚度和结合面刚度. 使用上述方法对振动测量数据计算发现, 该结构的系统总刚度与结合面刚度都随着预紧力增大而增大, 同时液氮低温条件可使系统总刚度和结合面刚度进一步增大.     

路易氏剂红外吸收截面积的测定与光谱模拟

采用长程傅里叶红外光谱仪在600～1 600 cm-1波段内对不同浓度路易氏剂-1的气相红外透射光谱进行了测量,其特征频率为814,930,1 563 cm-1;并运用比尔-朗伯定律计算了对应特征频率的红外吸收截面积σ值,依次为3.89±0.01, 1.43±0.06, 4.47±0.05(×10-20 cm2·molecule-1)。路易氏剂-1测量光谱在1 158和1 288 cm-1处也有微弱的吸收峰。利用Gaussian09软件包中的密度泛函理论对系列路易氏剂的红外光谱进行理论模拟,其稳定构型和振动频率在b3lyp/6-311+g(d,p)水平上计算。并利用可视化软件Gaussview5.08对各频率的振动模式进行归属。理论计算的红外光谱和实测光谱在600～1 600 cm-1波段内非常吻合,特征频率的相关系数为0.999 1。计算光谱还发现了0～600 cm-1波段内与砷原子有关的振动频率,为293,360和374 cm-1。用最小二乘法处理试验和计算结果中的特征频率,得到了适合路易氏剂-1的红外光谱频率矫正因子为0.977。利用该矫正因子对路易氏剂-1,路易氏剂-2,路易氏剂-3的红外光谱计算频率进行矫正。结果表明获得的路易氏剂理论红外吸收光谱可为该系列化合物的结构性质预测和远程红外光谱监测等提供参考。     

先进光源磁铁支撑基座稳定性的实验研究

基座作为磁铁支架的基础,其制作工艺以及与地面连接固定方式的不同将影响磁铁与支架的稳定性。基于先进光源对磁铁支撑系统稳定性的极高要求,开展了基座安装浇筑实验,选取工程上常用的几种混凝土施工工艺,制作统一外形尺寸的实验件,通过锤击法逐一测试其固有频率,评估其稳定性,得到二次灌浆可有效提高稳定性、环氧基灌浆料获得的稳定性优于水泥基灌浆料等结论。基于固有频率测试结果,以HEPS支撑系统为例分析了不同的基座安装方式对系统模态的影响。     

A vibration isolation system in low frequency excitation region using negative stiffness structure for vehicle seat

This paper designs and fabricates a vibration isolation model for improving vibration isolation effectiveness of the vehicle seat under low excitation frequencies. The feature of the proposed system is to use two symmetric negative stiffness structures (NSS) in parallel to a positive stiffness structure. Here, theoretical analysis of the proposed system is clearly presented. Then, the design procedure is derived so that the resonance peak of frequency-response curve drifts to the left, the load support capacity of the system is maintained, the total size of the system is reduced for easy practical application and especially, the bending of the frequency-response curve is minimized. Next the dynamic equation of the proposed system is set up. Then, the harmonic balance (HB) method is employed to seek the characteristic of the motion transmissibility of the proposed system at the steady state for each of the excitation frequency. From this characteristic, the curves of the motion transmission are predicted according to the various values of the configurative parameters of the system. Then, the time responses to the sinusoidal, multi frequency and random excitations are also investigated by simulation and experiment. In addition, the isolation performance comparison between the system with NSS and system without NSS is realized. The simulation results reveal that the proposed system has larger frequency region of isolation than that of the system without NSS. The experimental results confirm also that with a random excitation mainly spreading from 0.1 to 10 Hz, the isolation performance of the system with NSS is greatly improved, where the RMS values of the mass displacement may be reduced to 67.2%, whereas the isolation performance of the system without NSS is bad. Besides, the stability of the steady-state response is also studied. Finally, some conclusions are given.     

Enhancement of efficiency of vibration suppression using piezoelectric elements and LR circuit by amplification of electrical resonance

This paper describes a vibration suppression method based on passive vibration suppression using a piezoelectric element and an LR circuit. The proposed method applies a voltage that is proportional to the displacement or acceleration of the host structure to the LR circuit in series. Because the applied voltage equivalently increases the voltage generated by the piezoelectric effect in the piezoelectric element, the effect of the vibration suppression is increased with an increase in the applied voltage. The proposed method is categorized as a hybrid vibration suppression method that involves only an analog circuit. The governing equations were formulated, and the optimum values of the inductance and resistance were theoretically derived using the two fixed point method as well as the passive method. The characteristic features of the proposed method were theoretically investigated by comparing the added stiffness and damping, amount of the applied voltage, and time-averaged power of the applied voltage with those of the conventional methods. In addition, the stability of the proposed method was theoretically analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed method and the theoretical analysis were verified through experiments.     

Influence of support properties on the sound radiated from the vibrations of rectangular plates

The control of the forced vibration response of structures through the optimal tuning of its supports is desirable in many applications. Tuning may enhance the dissipation of vibration energy within the supports, thereby reducing fatigue and structure-borne noise. Two different models were developed to calculate the optimal support stiffness that minimizes the velocity response of homogeneous plates. The first model, based on the wave propagation at the edge, yields a good first cut approximation of the optimal properties. The optimal viscous and viscoelastic support stiffness for minimal reflection at the edge was calculated. Maximum absorption of the incident waves occurs when the viscous support stiffness matches the characteristic mechanical impedances of the plate. The second model, based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, yields more accurate estimates of the optimal support stiffness required to minimize the forced velocity response of the finite rectangular plate. The optimal support properties calculated from the two different methods were in good agreement. This suggested that the modal response of the plate is strongly influenced by the wave reflections at the edges. Finally, the effects of support properties on the sound radiated from the plate were investigated. The optimal support stiffness that minimizes the radiated sound power was found to be smaller than the value that minimizes the velocity response. The results show that both the velocity response and sound radiation are strongly influenced by dissipation of vibration energy at the edges, and demonstrate that support tuning can yield significant noise and vibration reduction.     

Analysis of flexural wave velocity and vibration mode in thin cylindrical shell

The relationship between the flexural wave velocity and the excited vibration mode of a thin cylindrical shell is investigated. The natural frequency corresponding to the vibration mode is obtained as the solution of characteristic equation of thin cylindrical shell. However, all of these vibration modes are not excited actually. To estimate the excited vibration mode, the concept of "modified bending stiffness" is introduced, and the influence of each stress component upon the modified bending stiffness is analyzed. The excited mode is theoretically discriminated from the nonexcited mode based on the smallness of this modified bending stiffness. The validity of our theory is confirmed by an excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental results on flexural wave velocity.     

一种光电载荷非线性隔振装置的研究

针对光电载荷对隔振性能的需求,提出一种采用菱形连杆机构作为负刚度组件,具有高静、低动刚度特点的非线性隔振器（简称菱形HSLDS隔振器）。采用静力学分析方法,建立了隔振器数学模型,研究了刚度参数设定以及非线性调节方法;利用谐波平衡法（HBM）求解动力学方程,分析了各参数对隔振性能的影响关系;采用动力学仿真软件ADAMS及实物样机对理论模型与结论进行了验证。测试结果表明:菱形HSLDS隔振器具有较方便的参数调整能力,零位刚度及刚度非线性可通过拉簧参数与连杆参数进行设定、优化,隔振的刚度非线性优化程度受主隔振器阻尼以及零位刚度参数影响。相比于传统线性隔振器,菱形HSLDS具有显著的非线性隔振优势,可较好地满足光电载荷隔振需求。     

STRUCTURE-BORNE NOISE AND VIBRATION OF CONCRETE BOX STRUCTURE AND RAIL VIADUCT

In this study, the vibration and acoustic resonance, and dominant frequency range of simple concrete box and viaduct are examined from the measurement results. A narrow band analysis—fast Fourier transform (FFT) method is used to analyze the measurement results and finite element method (FEM) is used to validate resonance frequencies for noise and vibration. The experiment of the concrete box structure is a preliminary study of analyzing resonance frequency radiated from the vibrating concrete structure since railway viaduct is a concrete box structure too. According to their noise and vibration spectra, it shows that the vibration resonance is more significant than the acoustics resonance.Based on the measurement results of the rail viaduct structure-borne noise and vibration, the relationship in terms of transfer function and coherence between noise and vibration are evaluated. They show that the dominant frequency range for noise and vibration of concrete viaduct is between 20 and 157 Hz, the resonance frequencies are 43 and 54 Hz and have significant tonal noise characteristics. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical relationship between sound and vibration.     

Transverse Vibration and Stability Analysis of Circular Plate Subjected to Follower Force and Thermal Load

Transverse vibration and stability analysis of circular plate subjected to follower force and thermal load are analyzed . B ased on the thin plate theory in involving the variable temperature, the differential equation of transverse vibration for the axisymmetric circular plate subjected to follower force and thermal load is established. Then, the differential equation of vibration and corresponding boundary conditions are discretized by the differential quadrature method. Meanwhile, the generalized eigenvalue under three different boundary conditions are calculated. In this case, the change curve of the first order dimensionless complex frequency of the circular plate subjected to the follower force in the different conditions with the variable temperature coefficient and temperature load is analyzed. The stability and corresponding critical loads of the circular plate subjected to follower force and thermal load with simply supported edge, clamped edge and free edge are discussed. The results provide theoretical basis for improving the dynamic stability of the circular plate.     

The effects of floating slab bending resonances on the vibration isolation of rail viaduct

This paper compared the performance of several isolation designs to control vibration transmissions from concrete rail viaducts. The isolation systems analysed includes medium- and short-length floating slabs, and floating ladders. The vibration was measured in Japan, Korea and Hong Kong. The study aimed to assess the effects of bending resonances of the floating slab systems. Simple formulae of estimating the significant bending resonance frequency and support passage frequency of a floating slab system are proposed. The resonance peaks obtained in site measurement are found to be in agreement with the calculation results. The results show that other than the vertical rigid body resonances for the isolation systems, the bending resonances of slabs have significant effects on vibration isolation performance. In particular, bending resonance frequencies should not coincide with the vertical isolator resonance and support passage frequency. According to the in-situ measurement results, a mini-type concrete floating slab can reduce the vibration level by more than 30 dB in the frequency range of 63-200 Hz. This should be achieved by designing the first bending resonances of the floating slab to be out of the dominant frequency range of concrete rail viaduct vibration.