水下声学滑翔机用于东印度洋声传播特性分析及声源估计

常规实验方法无法同步获取深海大尺度声学和水文数据,水下滑翔机可作为同步观测平台解决该问题.首先利用在东印度洋北部海域水下滑翔机同步获取的声传播和水文实验数据,分析了水下滑翔机的自噪声谱级和实验海区声传播特性,然后推算并修正了滑翔机水下运动轨迹,利用第一影区水下滑翔机接收声传播信号的脉冲多途到达时间差对声源进行测距与定深。潜标接收噪声与滑翔机自噪声谱级对比表明,水下滑翔机在海洋中无动力运动时的系统自噪声接近于潜标观测的海洋环境噪声。滑翔机实测的声传播损失与模型计算结果吻合较好,第一影区水下声源测距定深结果与实际位置较为一致,测距与定深的相对误差均小于5%。利用加载水听器的水下滑翔机可以实现水文环境数据与声学信号的同步观测,对深海声传播特性测量及定位算法研究具有重要意义。      

水下声学浮标南中国海海洋环境噪声实测分析*

海洋环境噪声是多种自然噪声和人为噪声的复杂组合,其谱级大小和频率组成是影响声纳系统探测性能的重要参数,由于海洋环境噪声时空域特性是非常复杂的,因此需要对海洋环境噪声进行长时间和大范围的观测才足以分析其特性。本文通过在多剖面水下浮标平台基础上集成声学测量系统,研制出了一种具有海洋环境噪声监测能力的水下声学浮标平台,该浮标平台可多次上浮、下潜,具备原位坐底和定深漂流两种工作模式,能够连续观测海洋环境噪声时长多达几个月。利用2019年8月在南海海区组织的多台水下声学浮标组网试验数据,分析了不同频率海洋环境噪声谱级随时间变化特性,数据处理结果符合海洋环境噪声典型变化规律,试验表明,水下声学浮标可作为一种潜在的优势水下无人移动平台,用于长期监测海洋环境噪声特性。     

南海夏季海洋环境噪声与海面风速相关特性分析

海洋环境噪声是影响潜艇作战及远程目标探测和定位的重要参数,由于海洋环境噪声具有很强的时空变异性,因此只能通过试验数据测量和处理了解环境噪声的统计特性。本文以2013年4月30日至8月1日,南海典型海域布放海洋环境噪声测量潜标系统所收录的环境噪声为研究对象,数据处理结果表明,在整个频率范围内,海洋环境噪声与对数风速具有很好的线性关系,但环境噪声随风速变化的斜率与频率相关,在1kHz附近达到最大值。本文通过波束形成分析了海洋环境噪声的垂直指向性,并给出了“垂直方向噪声”、“水平方向噪声”和“全向噪声”与风速相关性分析结果,可以看出,在风浪噪声与远处航船噪声都有贡献的中频段,“垂直方向噪声”与海面风速的相关性好于“全向噪声”和“水平方向噪声”与海面风速的相关性,且“垂直方向噪声”随风速变化的斜率略大于“全向噪声”随风速变化的斜率。     

一种声学炸点测量系统的设计及应用

针对常规兵器试验测试领域全天时地面炸点测试问题,设计并开发了一种由对讲机、数据采集卡构建的声学炸点测试系统。系统采用遥控装置解决测量分站对讲机的发射控制问题,中心站以多对讲机作为信号接收装置,采用同步数据采集卡实时采集回传的声信号。提出并实现了一种基于爆炸能量边沿识别的时延估计技术,用于后期数据处理和炸点坐标计算。试验结果表明该系统可以实现兵器试验爆炸点的声学定位,系统开发周期短、可靠性高、适应性强,具有一定实用性和推广价值。     

温压炸药爆炸瞬态多光谱真温高温计的研究

温压炸药爆炸温度高且具有较强的破坏力,因而使其爆炸温度测试较为困难。为有效评估温压炸药的热温度毁伤效力,将多光谱温度测量系统应用到温压炸药瞬态高温测试中,利用二次测量法计算出爆炸火焰的发射率与真温。在数据采集系统中结合光纤线传感技术,在确保参试人员的安全前提下,可在500 m外测试仪器状态进行数据采集,实现了测量数据信息的远距离传递。测试结果表明,所设计的测量系统工作稳定、安全性高,具有良好的应用前景。     

温压炸药爆炸瞬态多光谱真温高温计的研究（英文）

温压炸药爆炸温度高且具有较强的破坏力,因而使其爆炸温度测试较为困难。为有效评估温压炸药的热温度毁伤效力,将多光谱温度测量系统应用到温压炸药瞬态高温测试中,利用二次测量法计算出爆炸火焰的发射率与真温。在数据采集系统中结合光纤线传感技术,在确保参试人员的安全前提下,可在500m外测试仪器状态进行数据采集,实现了测量数据信息的远距离传递。测试结果表明,所设计的测量系统工作稳定、安全性高,具有良好的应用前景。     

无间隙采样在近载频相位噪声测量中的应用

本地振荡器是雷达或通信系统的核心器件,其相位噪声指标决定了发射机和接收机的性能;通过对常用相位噪声测试方法的比较,分析了这几种方法各自的特点,特别是针对时间频率中高分辨率及无间隙测量能力结合的计数器,研究了其在近载频相位噪声中的测试及数据分析处理方法,该方法在查找和消除高性能振荡器的噪声源中具有较大的价值。     

一种基于PXI和LabVIEW的通用数据采集系统

针对某测试系统中提出的多种类型信号、多通道的数据采集要求,采用PXI采集硬件设计了一种可通过工作站进行远程控制的多通道数据采集系统。使用LabVIEW 2013编写了采集控制程序,实现了物理通道的配置、数据的采集、实时显示、存储及回放等功能。配置通道时,通过运用配置文件存储不同试验的通道信息,使系统具有做不同试验的能力;数据采集时,通过多任务的并行执行,提高了程序的执行效率;数据回放时,采用分页访问的形式,解决了回访数据量大的问题。测试结果表明：该系统能够很好地满足项目测试要求,适用于在其信号类型和路数范围内的各种测试任务,具有很强的通用性。     

水下低噪声目标辐射噪声垂直嵌套阵测量方法

研究了一种水下低噪声目标辐射噪声垂直嵌套阵测量方法。首先通过分析试验水域背景噪声和被测目标辐射噪声特性,掌握不同测量频段的增益需求;然后采用凸优化方法,建立波导环境中超宽带、高稳健恒定束宽波束形成技术,推导水下目标辐射噪声垂直嵌套阵测量及空间阵列信息处理方法;最后研制垂直嵌套阵测量系统,并开展湖上试验验证。研究结果表明该测量方法具有测量带宽大、稳健性高、测量不确定度低等优点,辐射噪声测量不确定度约2 dB。     

海洋高光谱辐射实时观测系统的研制

研制了海洋水色高光谱辐射实时观测系统.该系统主要包括用于现场测量海面与海水近表层上行辐亮度和下行辐照度的高光谱光纤辐射计,装载高光谱光纤辐射计及其它辅助设施的海上观测平台,数据采集、实时通讯的控制系统.采用6通道光纤光谱仪解决了多参数测量同步性问题,通过自动调整光谱仪CCD积分时间提高其测量的动态范围;采用光纤光谱仪减小了光接收器的体积,减小了自阴影效应的影响;采用防污染装置解决了光学探头水下防污染问题.对系统的性能进行了室内测试及近海36 d试验.结果表明,光学系统零漂误差小于±5%,光学系统稳定可靠;浮标性能可很好地满足水下光辐射测量对浮标体姿态和稳定性的要求;控制系统的数据采集和通讯可靠有效.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.