极化X光谱诊断铝激光等离子体的电子密度

为了准确诊断激光等离子体的电子密度,提出了一种基于极化光谱的类氦共振线与互组合线相对强度比诊断电子密度的方法.该法考虑了激光等离子体发射的X射线存在极化的特性,用极化光谱理论对测量的类氦共振线和互组合线光谱相对强度比进行精密校正,再推导等离子体的电子密度.在2×10 J激光装置上进行了实验,使用极化PET（002）晶体谱仪测量了Al类氦离子光谱,利用光谱的极化特性推出Al等离子体的电子密度约为1.5×1020 cm－3.结果表明极化X光谱推导等离子体电子密度方法适合激光高温高密等离子体诊断.     

120TW/30fs激光产生的Al等离子体X射线发射谱分析

在SILEX激光装置上利用超强超短激光(120TW/30fs)与Al靶相互作用产生热稠密等离子体.采用类氢共振线与类氦共振线线强比诊断得到电子温度在480～670eV之间,采用类锂jkl伴线与类氦共振线强度比得到电子温度在430～610eV之间,两种诊断方法得到的结果基本一致.用类氦互组合线与类氦共振线强度比方法获得电...     

用He-like离子特征谱线测量等离子体电子温度和电子密度

本文详细叙述了利用He-like离子的特征谱线诊断等离子体的电子密度和电子温度的方法,给出了共振线与双电子伴线的强度比随电子温度的变化曲线和共振线与互组合线的强度比随电子密度的变化曲线。并且根据实验测得的上述两组谱线的强度比,定出激光产生等离子体的电子温度和电子密度。     

铜等离子体电子温度和密度随激光功率的变化

一、引言 激光等离子体X射线(LPX)诊断,是了解等离子体与激光相互作用的最基本手段,也是最早开始研究的课题。早在1968年,Jkunze等人利用类氦离子的组合线与共振线强度比与密度关系,第一次从θ-pinch中测出碳等离子体的电子密度。之后Boiko也计算了镁     

硅类氦离子谱线组的强度诊断

一、引 言 类氦离子共振线的长波侧,除了互组合线外,还存在着大量的双电子伴线。这种双电子伴线跃迁的上能态,有两种形成机制:类氦离子的双电子复合和类锂离子的内壳层激发。有些伴线主要是双电子复合引起的,另一些伴线主要是内壳层激发引起的,还有一些伴线则同时由这两种机制引起。 根据实验测得的类氦离子共振线与互组合线的强度比,可以估算等离子体的电子密度Ne;根据双电子复合伴线与共振线的强度比,可以估算电子温度Te。此外,根据内壳层激     

等离子体效应对类氦氖Kα线系电偶极辐射的影响

采用离子球模型，通过自洽求解Boltzmann方程和Poisson方程，得到类氦氖离子Kα线系的两条电偶极辐射光谱能量随等离子体环境的漂移.结果显示，Kα线系电偶极谱线随等离子体电子密度增大发生红移，红移量与等离子体电子密度有近似的正比关系；随着等离子体电子温度的降低，光谱红移对等离子体电子密度的敏感性增大.另外，所研究的两条谱线间的能量间隔随等离子体电子密度的增大而减小，减小量随等离子体电子密度的变化也呈现出近似的线性规律.值得注意的是，类氦氖Kα线系中两条电偶极谱线分别为互组合线与共振谱线，而其能量差就是1s2p(³P₁)的交换能，因此进一步发现能级中交换能将随等离子体环境变化的规律.所观察到的光谱红移和精细结构分裂在高密度等离子体中都有明显的变化，对探索高密度等离子体的诊断新方法有重要意义. 关键词： 光谱漂移 交换能 等离子体 类氦离子     

辐射输运实验中的Al等离子体发射光谱研究

SGII装置上用八路激光注入金腔产生高温辐射源,然后利用该辐射源来加热输运腔中的掺Al泡沫样品.从测量得到的Al类氦离子发射光谱可以观察到a—d,qr伴线的强度明显高于jkl伴线的强度,由此可以确定出光子激发和电离过程对输运腔中等离子体的形成不可忽略.除此之外,还观察到较强的互组合线发射,这表明存在一个低密度区域.最后考虑到实验测量得到的Al类氦离子发射光谱是时间、空间积分,利用两个状态等离子体的发射光谱合成再现了实验光谱. 关键词： 发射光谱 辐射加热 光谱诊断     

激光等离子体X射线极化光谱诊断

针对波长为0.5～0.8 nm的激光等离子体X射线极化度的诊断,研制了一种新型适用的基于宅问分辨的极化谱仪.在极化谱仪内的垂直和水平通道上分别布置正交的季戊四醇(PET)晶体色散元件.信号采用成像板进行接收,有效接收面积为30 mm×80 mm,从等离子体光源经品体到成像板的光程长为240 mm.通过实验成像板获得了铝激光等离子体X射线的光谱空间分辨信号,分析了获得的类氦谱线和类锂伴线并计算其极化度,并分析了负极化的原因.实验结果表明该谱仪获得的X射线极化度测量值与理论值相符,适合激光等离子体X射线极化光谱的诊断.     

等离子体效应对类氦氖Kα线系电偶极辐射的影响

采用离子球模型,通过自洽求解Boltzmann方程和Poisson方程,得到类氦氖离子Kα线系的两条电偶极辐射光谱能量随等离子体环境的漂移.结果显示,Kα线系电偶极谱线随等离子体电子密度增大发生红移,红移量与等离子体电子密度有近似的正比关系;随着等离子体电子温度的降低,光谱红移对等离子体电子密度的敏感性增大.另外,所研究的两条谱线间的能量间隔随等离子体电子密度的增大而减小,减小量随等离子体电子密度的变化也呈现出近似的线性规律.值得注意的是,类氦氖Kα线系中两条电偶极谱线分别为互组合线与共振谱线,而其能量差就是1s2p(3P1)的交换能,因此进一步发现能级中交换能将随等离子体环境变化的规律.所观察到的光谱红移和精细结构分裂在高密度等离子体中都有明显的变化,对探索高密度等离子体的诊断新方法有重要意义.     

Ti类氦Kα线在高温稠密等离子体中的漂移

采用离子球模型,通过自洽求解Dirac方程和Poisson方程,得到类氦Ti离子Kα线系的两条电偶极辐射光谱能量随不同等离子体环境的变化关系.同时分析了束缚电子交换能随等离子体环境的变化规律.结果表明：光谱能量漂移量随等离子体电子密度变化呈现出很好的线性关系.对此,拟合得到Ti类氦Kα线光谱能量漂移量随等离子体环境参数变化的公式,对探索高温高密度等离子体诊断方法具有一定意义. 关键词： 类氦离子 自洽场离子球模型 光谱漂移 等离子体诊断     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.