快脉冲超导磁体用NbTi超导线材的制备研究

本研究以Cu10Ni合金作为基体材料,采用组装法制备了铜比1.8,Φ0.7 mm的快脉冲超导磁体用NbTi超导线材.研究了Cu10Ni合金、时效次数和最终应变、去应力退火对快脉冲超导磁体用NbTi/Cu超导线微观组织和临界电流密度的影响.实验结果表明:采用Cu10Ni合金作为基体,时效3次且最终应变在3.5-5.0之间时,线材最终应变增大,临界电流密度呈先增大而后降低,最终趋于稳定的变化规律;最终应变为4.37时,随着热处理次数的增加,临界电流密度呈先增大而后降低的趋势,断线次数也随之明显增多.损耗的测试结果表明:采用Cu10Ni合金为基体制备的超导线材的损耗要明显小于无氧铜基体的超导线材.经过3次时效热处理且最终应变为4.37时,Cu10Ni合金为基体制备的超导线材其临界电流密度最高为2308A/mm~2(4.2K,5T,判据0.1μV/cm),损耗为40.8mJ/cm~3,(±3T,4.2K).     

快脉冲超导磁体用NbTi超导线材的制备研究北大核心CSCD

本研究以Cu10Ni合金作为基体材料,采用组装法制备了铜比1.8,Φ0.7 mm的快脉冲超导磁体用NbTi超导线材.研究了Cu10Ni合金、时效次数和最终应变、去应力退火对快脉冲超导磁体用NbTi/Cu超导线微观组织和临界电流密度的影响.实验结果表明:采用Cu10Ni合金作为基体,时效3次且最终应变在3.5-5.0之间时,线材最终应变增大,临界电流密度呈先增大而后降低,最终趋于稳定的变化规律;最终应变为4.37时,随着热处理次数的增加,临界电流密度呈先增大而后降低的趋势,断线次数也随之明显增多.损耗的测试结果表明:采用Cu10Ni合金为基体制备的超导线材的损耗要明显小于无氧铜基体的超导线材.经过3次时效热处理且最终应变为4.37时,Cu10Ni合金为基体制备的超导线材其临界电流密度最高为2308A/mm^2(4.2K,5T,判据0.1μV/cm),损耗为40.8mJ/cm^3,(±3T,4.2K).     

铌钛超导体的非合金化制备

本文研究了Nb片和Ti片在不同温度下的扩散行为,并利用Nb片和Ti片交替组配加工,经过扩散反应制备出了NbTi超导线.运用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了Nb/Ti界面的扩散形态及微结构,并对热处理工艺的合理选择进行了讨论.结果表明:经800℃,5小时扩散可得到厚度最大,Ti含量最高的NbTi超导相.该工艺制备出的NbTi超导线材的临界电流密度Jc可达到2800A/mm2(5T、4.2K)和4200A/mm2(3T、4.2K),与传统工艺制备出的超导体的性能相当.     

MRI用低铜比NbTi超导线材组织和性能

本文以高均匀性Nb47Ti合金锭和高纯无氧铜为原材料,制备了铜比为1.0,Φ0.846mm的MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)用低铜比NbTi/Cu超导线.研究了最终应变和间隔应变对MRI用NbTi/Cu超导线微观组织和临界电流密度的影响.测试结果表明:时效3次时,最终应变在3.0~4.4之间,随最终应变增大,临界电流密度呈先增大而后降低,最终趋于稳定的变化规律;最终应变相同的条件下,增大间隔应变会导致临界电流密度的降低.经过工艺优化后,临界电流密度最高为3208A/mm2(4.2K,5T,判据0.1μV/cm).微观组织观察表明:临界电流密度最高时,α-Ti沉淀相呈褶皱弯曲状,并弥散的分布在β-NbTi基体之上.     

NbTi/Cu超导线最佳临界电流密度的研究

本文全面地研究了在冷加工和热处理多次交替进行中时效温度、时效时间、时效次数、次数分配、最后一次时效后最终冷变形量等对NbTi/Cu多芯复合线J_c的影响.以上各因素的适当地调整和匹配是获得最佳J_c的关键.选用适宜的各种因素的试验结果得到了最佳J_c=4.0×10~5A/cm~2(4.2K,5T).小批量试制的线材的J_c为2.5—3.0×10~5A/cm~2(4.2K、5T).     

用于快脉冲超导磁铁的液氦内冷电缆的设计（英文）

中科院近代物理所提出的强流重离子加速器装置将使用快脉冲超导磁铁技术。为了获得快脉冲磁铁运行的稳定性,研制了适用于快脉冲运行的液氦内冷电缆。该电缆采用超临界氦进行迫流冷却,具有交流损耗低、所用液氦少和冷却效率高的特点,是研制快脉冲超导磁铁的关键技术之一。文中主要介绍电缆的设计和交流损耗并简单描述电缆的加工。用于绞缆的超导线材的性能决定了电缆的性能,因此首先进行超导线的研制。通过研制三种不同基体(纯铜基、铜镍基和铜锰基)的超导线材,以获取低损耗和高临界电流的超导线,进而得到运行稳定性高的电缆。当背景磁场变化为0T-3T-0T时,测得三种线材的磁滞损耗分别为29.7m J/cm3,18.8m J/cm3和26m J/cm3。超导线的耦合损耗很大程度上取决于横向电阻率的大小,相比纯铜基的线材铜镍基和铜锰基体的横向电阻率较大,因此耦合损耗小。在4.2K温度时不同磁场下铜基线的临界电流要高于另外两种线材,但铜锰基体线材的临界电流要略高于铜镍基线材。通过比较三种线材的性能,选用铜锰基体线材进行绞缆较为适合。     

核聚变用内Sn法Nb3Sn股线的制备与性能

采用内Sn法工艺研究了ITER用Nb3Sn股线的制备与性能.我们已成功的研究出了批量生产股线的制备技术,股线具有优异的特性.股线非Cu区的临界电流密度Jcn在12T、4.2K、0.1μV/cm判据下达到1087A/mm2;在±3T的磁场变化范围,磁滞损耗为540 kJ/m3(4.2K);股线的n值在12T、4.2K下为20.此外我们也研究了Nb3Sn层的显微结构和Nb/Sn比.     

青铜法Nb_3Sn超导线材的性能优化研究

采用青铜法工艺制备了Nb_3Sn超导线材,研究了不同的结构设计、中间退火温度、成相热处理制度等对线材性能的影响.实验结果表明,具有相同的青铜/NbTa体积比而芯丝直径不同的线材,芯丝尺寸在合理范围内越小,临界电流密度越高;使用Ta阻隔层的线材的磁滞损耗有大幅下降,但其加工性能较之Nb阻隔层要差;低的退火温度在改善青铜加工硬化的同时减少了Nb_3Sn超导相预反应生成量,线材性能较高.     

挤压工艺制备19芯MgB_2超导线材及其性能研究

本文采用挤压工艺研制19芯结构的多芯MgB_2/Nb/Cu超导线材,通过单道次挤压工艺将多芯复合包套从Φ64mm挤压到Φ20mm。挤压后的复合线通过冷拉拔最终加工到Φ1.4mm,并在670℃,保温2h进行烧结热处理,成功地制备出百米量级长度的MgB_2超导线材。采用该工艺所制备MgB_2超导线材具有良好的晶粒连接性和芯丝结合强度;显微分析表明该多芯复合线材横截面及超导芯丝分布较为均匀;在20和35K,自场下测试了所研制线材的传输性能,其超导临界电流密度J_c分别为1.05×10~5和6.7×10~4A/cm~2。     

Nb芯增强千米级7芯MgB_2超导线材的机械性能及超导性能研究

以非铁磁性的Nb作为中心增强体和阻隔层材料,无氧铜作为稳定体包套材料,采用原位法粉末装管工艺(in-situ PIT)制备了千米量级6+1芯导体结构的MgB2/Nb/Cu超导线带材,由于Nb/Cu包套材料具有良好的塑形加工性能,整个加工过程中未进行中间退火热处理,复合多芯线材最终加工到Φ1.4mm;在真空热处理炉中680℃保温2小时进行成相热处理;对烧结后的线材进行了超导电性、纵向电流分布均匀性及弯曲及拉伸力学性能等分析检测。线材的工程临界电流密度在20K,1T磁场条件下达到2.5×104A/cm2,表明该工艺能够制备实用化高性能的MgB2线带材。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.