贯流叶轮的旋转模态分析

应用旋转模态理论和CFD方法研究贯流叶轮的离散噪声特性,并分析贯流风机远场噪声主要呈现宽频的原因.设计了三种不同的蜗壳匹配方案,以控制贯流风机内主要的涡结构。通过采用CFD方法计算不同方案中贯流风机内部涡流动结构主要位置,确定出贯流叶轮上下游发生干涉的叶片数。根据模态分析理论,计算了不同蜗壳及蜗舌匹配方案中贯流叶轮的截止率。计算结果表明,由于叶轮内主流速度较低,使得贯流风机的离散噪声不明显。     

横流风机轴向交错叶轮的噪声研究

本文研究了横流风机轴向交错叶轮的气动及噪声特性。首先进行了横流风机的气动性能实验并开展数值解析。用数值解析得到的固壁表面脉动压力进行噪声预测,噪声预测模型采用Farassat 1A方程。在预测过程中对叶轮交错角做出假设,转化成各节叶轮流场的时间延迟,并考虑了风机轴向长度带来的影响。计算结果给出了单一叶片周向旋转噪声辐射的分布情况,分析了噪声源的位置和机理。预测的远场声压从时域和频域与相应的五种具有不同轴向交错角度叶轮的实验结果相验证,揭示了风机的叶片通过频率噪声随叶轮交错角度的变化规律。     

大小叶片贯流风机内流特性分析与实验研究

为降低空调用贯流风机的噪声,改善音质,通过采用直叶片贯流风轮达到斜扭叶片贯流风轮的音质和低噪声特性,从而降低贯流风轮的制造成本,本文设计了大小叶片交错组合的新型非等距贯流风机,并采用滑动网格对其内流特性进行了非定常数值模拟,同时对其气动噪声特性进行了实验研究.大小叶片贯流风机的偏心涡基本稳定在叶轮中心与蜗舌相连的切线上,位于叶轮内圆周附近.风轮非定常运转时,偏心涡的涡核位置在直径为2mm的圆所围成的区域内变化.大小叶片交错组合的贯流风轮改变了叶轮与蜗舌的间距,有效地降低叶片通过频率噪声并改善了音质.采用大小叶片交错组合的贯流风轮能够达到斜扭叶片贯流风机的降噪效果.     

基于DEM-CFD耦合的泵内颗粒流动特性研究

随着我国加快深海、深地资源的开发力度,对此类应用环境下的液体提升泵的可靠性提出了更高的要求。而泵内固体颗粒引起的磨损破坏是其中一个严重问题。本文基于DEM-CFD耦合方法,针对自开发的两级混流泵研究了颗粒在泵内部与流体相互作用下的流动特性和对泵的磨损规律,并基于该泵分析了不同颗粒形状、颗粒浓度下的运动特性和泵磨损分布,发现颗粒主要沿着叶轮工作面以及导叶凹面运动,且随着浓度增加,磨损速率会逐渐达到一个饱和值。本文分析探讨了颗粒在泵内的流动特性、颗粒与叶轮导叶发生碰撞的形式及磨损严重区域,对设计抗磨损多级混流泵提供了理论支撑。     

贯流风机变斜式叶轮和常规直叶轮的对比研究

本文对贯流风机变斜式叶轮和常规直叶轮进行了三维数值模拟和实验研究。结果表明贯流风机内部偏心涡的位置沿轴向具有明显的三维分布特征,两者偏心涡的圆周位置沿轴向不断变化,而直叶轮偏心涡的径向位置沿轴向的分布几乎没有变化。变斜式叶轮中偏心涡的位置更加靠近叶轮内圆周和风机的蜗舌。采用变斜式叶轮可以降低叶片通过频率噪声并改善音质。为验证本计算方法的可靠性,计算的流量和压力特性曲线和实验结果进行了比较,吻合良好。     

固体颗粒与通道壁面相互作用的实验研究

本文通过实验研究了在一个水平直通道和三个倾斜通道内固体颗粒沿着主气流的方向运动,与通道壁面发生碰撞及和主气流掺混的特性。实验采用了PIV测试技术,获得了在流道中固体颗粒及气流的大量的瞬态及对应的时均流场数据。测量采用流场可视化技术,再现了流场的动态细节。在对实验数据分析的基础上,总结了有关颗粒扩散及与固壁碰撞的一些规律,定量阐述了固体颗粒与壁面碰撞的规律,提出了恢复系数为粒子入射速度与角度函数的模型。     

倾斜叶片对多翼离心风机性能影响的研究

本文应用大涡模拟及边界元法研究了倾斜叶片对多翼离心风机气动声学性能的影响。研究结果表明,相较于传统直叶片叶轮,倾斜叶片叶轮在出口角度不变时因叶片发生扭转,会略微降低风机流量。采用倾斜叶片,可以减小叶道中的流动分离区域,减弱流动分离程度。前盘侧间隙泄漏量随着前盘侧叶轮外径的减小而减少,倾斜叶片叶轮出口角度的变化对于泄漏量影响较大。倾斜叶片叶轮在前盘侧叶轮外径减小时,可以减少风机噪声。     

数值模拟颗粒旋转对流化床内气固两相流动特性的影响

流化床内颗粒自旋转将影响颗粒相的流动特性.本文运用基于颗粒动理学理论的欧拉-欧拉气固多相流模型,考虑颗粒自旋转流动对颗粒碰撞能量交换和耗散的影响,数值模拟流化床内气体颗粒两相流动特性.计算结果表明颗粒的自旋转使得床内更容易形成气泡,颗粒浓度分布变化增大.颗粒自旋转运动将导致床内非均匀结构更明显.     

能量回收烟气透平气动设计的几个问题与试验结果分析

带有固体微粒的气流进入烟气透平,在静止与旋转叶列槽道内,除极细小颗粒基本上随气流一起运动造成比单纯燃气有较大的粘性作用与粘性损失外,较大一些的颗粒必然会有不同于主气流的速度,在叶片槽道内有特定的三元运动轨迹,通过动量及热量交换,影响气流作功能力,并且由于在槽道内碰撞弹跳,对叶片和壳体进行冲蚀磨损。叶片的磨损速率和许多因素有关,如机体与微粒材料性质、微粒的大小、形状、浓度与速度、碰撞弹跳方向和撞击几率等。如果微粒运动轨迹使叶片某一部位有较大撞击几率,这一部分的磨损会加剧。另一现象是随着叶片通道中气流的转弯、加速、二次流和涡流的产生、冷却     

基于敏感性分析降维的多翼离心风机叶轮优化设计

针对多翼离心风机内部流动分离严重、流动损失大及叶轮几何参数多等特点，本文以风机叶轮为对象，开展了几何参数化建模及基于敏感性分析降维，并在此基础上，通过建立包含拉丁超立方抽样法、支持向量回归(SVR)代理模型、混合自适应采样方法和遗传算法的高维高效优化方法，分别开展了效率单目标优化与效率–全压多目标优化设计。研究结果表明：对于风机效率，几何参数影响程度由大到小依次为叶轮内径、叶片出口角、叶轮外径、中盘位置、叶片进口角、叶片数、叶轮宽度、叶片厚度。单目标优化后风机最高效率点效率提高2.29%；多目标优化后效率提高1.91%，全压提升30.95 Pa。研究工作对于认识多翼离心风机内流机理、发展先进优化设计方法具有较重要的学术意义及工程应用价值。     

Dynamics and stability of a linear cluster of spherical magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic particles freely moving in a fluid may organize themselves into dense phases, bulk clusters, or linear chains. The dynamics of particles forming a chain is analyzed theoretically taking into account the magnetic dipole interaction as well as the Van der Waals molecular interaction. The vibrational spectrum has two branches (the magnetic branch associated with the rotation of the magnetic moment of a particle and the elastic branch associated with the displacement of particles). In the case of particles with constant mass density and magnetic moment, which is interesting for applications, these two modes are in fact independent; i.e., the effects of mode hybridization are weak. However, these effects can be manifested for hollow particles. From analysis of the vibrational spectrum, the criterion for the chain stability to a transition to a denser phase is established.     

C++QED: an object-oriented framework for wave-function simulations of cavity QED systems

We present a framework for efficiently performing Monte Carlo wave-function simulations in cavity QED with moving particles. It relies heavily on the object-oriented programming paradigm as realised in C++, and is extensible and applicable for simulating open interacting qua ntum dynamics in general. The user is provided with a number of “elements”, e.g. pumped moving particles, pumped lossy cavity modes, and various interactions to compose complex interacting systems, which contain several particles moving in electromagnetic fields of various configurations, and perform wave-function simulations on such systems. A number of tools are provided to facilitate the implementation of new elements.     

Dynamics of backward electron beams in multiwave Cherenkov oscillators

The dynamics of electrons in a multiwave Cherenkov oscillator are analyzed, based on the results from numerical modeling. It is shown that a flux of charged particles moving contrary to the initial beam is formed at the moment of generating a radiation pulse in an oscillator. The basic parameters of this backward beam are given.     

Equilibration,Generalized Equipartition,and Diffusion in Dynamical Lorentz Gases

We demonstrate approach to thermal equilibrium in the fully Hamiltonian evolution of a dynamical Lorentz gas, by which we mean an ensemble of particles moving through a d-dimensional array of fixed soft scatterers that each possess an internal harmonic or anharmonic degree of freedom to which moving particles locally couple. We analytically predict, and numerically confirm, that the momentum distribution of the moving particles approaches a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at a certain temperature T, provided that they are initially fast and the scatterers are in a sufficiently energetic but otherwise arbitrary stationary state of their free dynamics—they need not be in a state of thermal equilibrium. The temperature T to which the particles equilibrate obeys a generalized equipartition relation, in which the associated thermal energy k _B T is equal to an appropriately defined average of the scatterers’ kinetic energy. In the equilibrated state, particle motion is diffusive.     

Solid state nuclear track detectors: Track forming,stabilizing and development processes

Fast moving heavy charged particles passing through solids are mainly losing their energy—in a wide range of velocities—by excitation and ionization processes which result in a more or less stable radiation damage.¹ The radiation damage may consist of broken bonds, free radicals, chemical reaction products, displaced atoms, ionic and electronic defects, dislocation configurations, voids, clusters of defects with and without impurities, nuclei of new phases etc. The nature and stability of this localized radiation damage, termed the “latent” track of the particle depends on the data of the particle and on the physical and chemical properties of the solid. Dielectric materials with low electric and thermal conductivities offer favorable conditions for relatively high local excitation and ionization densities resulting in physical and chemical solid state reactions with relatively stable reaction Products.     

Spatial correlations of pairing collective states

The properties of the low-energy nuclear spectrum are greatly affected by pairing correlations. We study these effects in the nucleus ²¹⁰Pb which has two particles moving outside closed shells. The configuration-mixed wave functions describe the motion of particles which are on the average closer together than they would be if the particles were confined to particular orbitals. Since the energy associated with pairing correlations is much smaller than the Fermi energy the width of the associated probability distribution is determined by the wavelength of single particles moving close to the Fermi surface. Despite the fact that the amplitudes associated with high-lying configurations are small, their net effect is important, typically changing the collectivity of the states by a factor of about two. The results of the microscopic calculations compare well with a semiclassical pairing transition density calculated on the basis of the Thomas-Fermi approximation.     

Performance of superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with the fan coupling antenna array

The performance of superconducting nanowire single-photon detector （SNSPD） involving niobium nitride with the fan coupling antenna array is analyzed. The SNSPD has a high detection efficiency and counting rate. Hydrogen silsesquioxane and niobium nitride are filled in the gold grating deposited on the substrate in which the fan coupling antenna arrays are embedded. By changing the position of the fan coupling antenna array, the maximum area of optical intensity is obtained and the photon collection efficiency is increased by 26.5 times. The detection efficiency of SNSPD is improved without changing the detection speed. These parameters are important for designing a practical single-photon detector,     

Scattering of sound in a moving viscous microinhomogeneous medium at large Reynolds numbers

A generalization of the Rayleigh law of a low-frequency sound attenuation in a microinhomogeneous medium to the case of scattering particles moving in a viscous liquid at a large Reynolds numbers is proposed. It is shown that, under these conditions, the attenuation may be independent of the scattering by the moving particles themselves but be only determined by the flow caused by these particles, the maximum attenuation being observed in the direction across the particle motion. The corresponding corrections proportional to the first power of the hydrodynamic Mach number are compared with the corrections lying at the basis of the modified Rayleigh law, which was proposed earlier for the potential flow of an ideal liquid around inhomogeneities, and also with the laws of scattering in a moving viscous microinhomogeneous medium at a small Reynolds numbers. As an example of the operation of the generalized law, characteristics of the sound scattering by rain are refined.     

Viscous Motion of Spherical Nanoparticles That Scatter Laser Radiation in the Rayleigh Regime

JETP Letters - The mechanism of transverse radiation viscosity for nanospheres moving in a laser field is analyzed. It is demonstrated that in the process of light scattering by these particles...