二维直通道内气固两相流动的实验研究

本文利用频闪激光片光源摄像和图象处理技术，对二维直通道内气固两相流动进行了实验研究，定量测定了固体粒子的运动参数、运动速度、方向．测得了粒子的运动轨迹．并得出一些有价值的结论：在本实验范围内粒子基本上沿直线运动，并处于不断加速的状态；粒子与壁面碰撞的时间极短，反弹角小于碰撞角，反弹速率小于碰撞速率．从而获得了在不同的进口气流速度及不同的通道倾角下固体粒子与固体壁面碰撞的某些规律．得到了粒子与壁面相互作用的关系表达式．为理论计算打下了基础．     

微细颗粒碰撞作用规律的数值模拟

通过实验和数值模拟方法,对微细颗粒（直径小于100 μm）碰撞规律进行研究.首先采用离散元模拟,基于改进的硬球模型,探索在流场作用下,微细颗粒的初始速度、表面能、尺寸、质量浓度和风速对微细颗粒之间的结合性碰撞及非结合性碰撞的影响,同时考虑微细颗粒团聚及沉降的物理运移过程,得出不同初始条件下微细颗粒碰撞频率的演化规律.最后进行物理实验,发现模拟得到的碰撞频率与实验得到的微细颗粒自沉降特征相一致.     

能量回收烟气透平气动设计的几个问题与试验结果分析

带有固体微粒的气流进入烟气透平,在静止与旋转叶列槽道内,除极细小颗粒基本上随气流一起运动造成比单纯燃气有较大的粘性作用与粘性损失外,较大一些的颗粒必然会有不同于主气流的速度,在叶片槽道内有特定的三元运动轨迹,通过动量及热量交换,影响气流作功能力,并且由于在槽道内碰撞弹跳,对叶片和壳体进行冲蚀磨损。叶片的磨损速率和许多因素有关,如机体与微粒材料性质、微粒的大小、形状、浓度与速度、碰撞弹跳方向和撞击几率等。如果微粒运动轨迹使叶片某一部位有较大撞击几率,这一部分的磨损会加剧。另一现象是随着叶片通道中气流的转弯、加速、二次流和涡流的产生、冷却     

用雷诺应力模型计算旋风分离器中气-固两相流动

针对分离器内部的复杂的三维强旋转、气-固两相湍流运动,采用雷诺应力模型(SSG),利用贴体网格技术,模拟计算了分离器内部流动,并将计算结果与实验数据进行分析、比较。分离器内的固体颗粒运动采用涉及湍流扩散影响的随机轨道模型和确定轨道模型,在流场计算的基础上,模拟了不同直径的颗粒在分离器内的运动规律及颗粒分离效率,并同理论和实验得到的数据进行了比较。     

T型通道内阵列缝隙弱抽吸流动实验研究

以T型通道为基本模型,考查其交接面处安装横向阵列叶片作用下的支流的湍流流场。采用粒子图像速度场仪(PIV),对不同主流速度和抽吸比工况下支流下游流场进行了实验测量,通过对粒子图像计算处理得到了支管中心截面在不同实验工况下的瞬态矢量-速度云图及瞬态涡量-流线云图。所考察的主流速度范围是30.0~50.0 m/s,速度比的范围是0.08~0.18。实验观察到在T型通道支路靠近上壁面一侧存在与支路气流方向相反的回流流动,并产生了明显的旋涡串现象,该区域速度较小且回流区的范围超过一半流道面积;顺流高速区主要位于支管下壁面附近;主流速度和抽吸比较大时支管流动较为均匀.     

双流体颗粒-壁面碰撞模型用于旋流流动

对旋流两相流动,用考虑壁面粗糙度的双流体颗粒-壁面碰撞模型,结合二阶矩两相湍流模型和不同颗粒相边界条件,进行了数值模拟。结果表明,由于考虑了各方向雷诺应力之间的相互转化,雷诺应力从平均运动中得到能量,以及壁面对颗粒运动的衰减作用等因素,该颗粒壁面碰撞模型给出的模拟结果与实验符合较好,而广泛应用的零梯度颗粒壁面边界条件给出的模拟结果最差。     

基于热子气模型分析纳米梯形板的热整流机理

本文基于热质概念和热-流比拟将固体导热问题转化为热子气的流动问题,研究了纳米梯形板导热的热整流现象。采用Monte Carlo数值模拟揭示了梯形微通道内气流的整流比随通道夹角的变化规律,并以此分析了纳米梯形板导热的热整流规律,与文献中的分子动力学模拟结果符合较好,从而验证了热子气模型的有效性。通过分析压差驱动力与壁面摩擦阻力随梯形通道夹角的变化关系初步揭示了纳米梯形板热整流效应的机制。     

高速受限混合层结构和效应实验研究

受限混合层的流动主要是喷流与自由来流相互剪切形成的混合层受到壁面的限制而形成的一种流动.文章采用后向台阶平板模型研究了高速高压比条件下的受限混合层的典型流场结构以及冷却效率.实验自由来流Mach数为5, 喷流的Mach数为1.28, 喷流总压为0.2~0.7 MPa, 通过调整冷喷气流的总压, 基于纹影流动显.形成喷口附近波系的欠膨胀流动现象的深刻认识, 提取波系特征与流动参数之间的规律.基于流动显示及实验测量结果, 通过分析流场中大尺度结构的空间演化规律, 揭示流动参数对于冷却效率的影响规律及物理内涵.采用快响应压敏漆(FRPSP)技术在高超声速风洞开展热流分布和冷却效率研究, 获得了平板对受限混合层冷却效率的影响.      

主喷管叶片中热壁面对分流管道流场特性的影响

 连续波化学激光器运转时,位于主喷管叶片内的副气流的分流管道壁面将被主喷管叶片加热而形成热壁面。通过3维的数值模拟,分析了单端、双端不同供气方式下,热壁面对分流管道流场特性的影响。热壁面将使总管气流总温沿着气流的流动方向逐渐升高,由此引起的支管入口总温的升高会降低支管的流量。无论是单端供气,还是双端供气,热壁面引起的管道流量波动幅度都要远大于绝热壁面的情况,最大波动幅度达2.16%。对进入总管的气流预热,适当增加供气总温,或将冷却管道与供气管道分开设计,气流总温变化引起的流量波动将会得到一定地抑制。     

采用液晶涂层测量介质流与壁面间剪切应力的定量模型与试验研究

流场中介质流与壁面间剪切应力的定量测量,在运动物体例如航天器等的表面流场观测与表面减阻等领域有重要意义.本文采用向列相液晶涂层技术针对介质流与固体壁面间的剪切应力展开定量测量.首先利用液晶弹性变形理论建立了向列相分子在剪切应力场作用下旋光性光强信号与剪切应力大小的定量模型;进而,在固体表面制备了5 CB与7 CB向列相液晶涂层,采用搭建的实验装置对不同剪切应力场下的测试涂层的光强进行了测试与理论模型的计算模拟,测试结果与定量模型相当吻合;进一步探讨了液晶涂层测试技术的极限剪切应力、灵敏范围以及涂层膜厚、分子弹性等关键影响因素.     

Optimization and testing of the tomographic method of velocity measurement in the flow volume

The optic noncontact method of velocity field measurement in the flow volume is considered in this paper for the purposes of hydroaerodynamic experiment. The essence of this method is measurement of particles motion in the flow during short periods between laser pulses. This study offers and implements several algorithmic optimizations, allowing data processing time reduction. It is shown that application of threshold background filtering on the recorded projections (particle images) and fast estimation of initial intensity distribution in the volume allows increasing the speed of tomographic reconstruction algorithm two or three times. Reconstruction accuracy and errors in determination of particle shift were studied in this work using artificial images. The described tomographic method for the velocity field estimation in the flow volume was used for diagnostics of a turbulent submerged jet flowing into a narrow channel. The application of developed approaches in experiment allowed us to obtain spatial distribution of the average velocity field and instantaneous velocity fields in the measurement area.     

PIV技术在气体界面不稳定性实验研究中的应用

采用粒子图像测速(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)技术,以乙二醇烟雾作为示踪粒子,实验测量了平面激波作用下SF6气柱-空气界面Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性演化图像和二维速度场.测量结果揭示了不稳定性流场的典型特征和细微结构,与高速摄影和数值模拟结果符合,说明建立的PIV技术适...     

射流影响下气固两相流动试验的定量分析

为了研究受限空间内的射流影响下的气固两相流动,本文采用数码颗粒图像测速仪（DpIV）系统测量颗粒分布,并开发了一套用于处理DPIV颗粒图片的算法,可用于准确地定量分析通道内的颗粒分布。使用该算法能够获得颗粒在拍摄平面内的二维相对浓度数据,定量分析该数据发现,在同样的流场条件下,射流对气流场和不同粒径颗粒的影响区域存在明...     

The influence of a nonuniform acoustic field on small-scale processes at a heterogeneous boundary

An experiment is conducted on estimating the velocity of a Schlichting boundary flow arising when a focused field falls on a rigid boundary in a liquid. The velocity of a small-scale Schlichting flow is determined by an indirect method from the characteristics of the cocurrent Rayleigh flow using the particle image velocimetry method. The velocity of the Schlichting flow attained in experiments gives us the possibility of significantly accelerating mass-transfer processes at a heterogeneous boundary, which is confirmed by experimental results on acoustic intensification of rapid growth of salt monocrystals conducted under strictly controlled laboratory conditions.     

热声热机热声核内传热与流动特性实验研究

本文通过搭建扬声器驱动的热声热机可视化实验台,利用粒子成像测速仪(PIV)和红外热像仪得到冷、热端换热器间速度及温度场分布,对有无声场两种情况下热声核中速度及温度场的变化进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,外加声场改变了热声核中热对流的基本模式,增强了冷热端换热器间的换热能力,对热声核中的温度分布有着显著的影响。揭示了热声核中的流动与换热规律。     

基于拟颗粒的气固两相曳力模型研究

为了研究气固两相流动大涡模拟中合适的曳力计算模型,本文引入拟颗粒和拟颗粒表面能的概念,通过拟颗粒表面能与外界输入能量之间的平衡关系来确定拟颗粒的粒径。根据拟颗粒粒径,得到运算量较小且考虑颗粒团聚效应的曳力计算模型。应用本文的曳力计算模型对二维竖直槽道内稠密气固两相流动进行了大涡模拟,结果表明颗粒的浓度分布具有上稀下浓,壁面附近浓中心稀及颗粒聚集等特点。这与实验结果在定性上是一致的。对气相和颗粒相的瞬时速度场进行了分析,发现气相和颗粒相速度场分布的非对称性是形成颗粒浓度分布壁面附近浓中心稀的重要原因之一。     

空调风机叶道内旋涡流动分析及进气口偏心的影响

本文采用CFD方法,详细分析了空调用多翼离心风机叶道中的气流分布以及进气口偏心的影响。研究表明,风机叶道内存在大范围的气流分离现象。在后盘附近,存在分离现象的叶道约占2/3,主要分布在蜗壳内侧;而在“前盘”附近,几乎所有叶道都存在分离现象。在“前盘”附近,蜗舌下方的叶道中气流几乎停滞,蜗舌下游叶道为回流和尾缘旋涡所充满,至临近蜗壳出口侧,前缘旋涡逐步形成、发展并融合尾缘旋涡,最后衰减、消失。风机进气口向蜗壳内侧偏置适当距离, “前盘”附近叶道旋涡分布范围明显减小。     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of the two-dimensional flow of a magnetic suspension between two parallel walls under a non-uniform magnetic field

We have developed a lattice Boltzmann method based on fluctuation hydrodynamics that is applicable to the flow problem of a particle suspension. In this method, we have introduced the viscosity-modifying method, rather than the velocity-scaling method, in which a modified viscosity is used for generating random forces in lattice Boltzmann simulations. The viscosity-modifying method is found to be applicable to the simulation of a magnetic particle suspension. We have applied this method to the two-dimensional Poiseuille flow of a magnetic suspension between two parallel walls in order to investigate the behavior of magnetic particles in a non-uniform applied magnetic field. From the results of the snapshots, the pair correlation function between the magnetic pole and the magnetic particles and the averaged local particle velocity and magnetization distributions, it was observed that the behavior of the magnetic particles changes significantly depending upon which factor dominates the phenomenon in the balance between the magnetic particle–particle interaction, the non-uniform applied magnetic field and the translational and rotational Brownian motion.     

颗粒Reynolds正应力轨道模型及后台阶两相流动数值模拟

用随机过程理论建立气固两相耦合脉动量Lagrange方程,并建立了气固两相流随机颗粒轨道模型中颗粒Reynolds正应力的Lagrange方程.将新的模型运用于各向同性的湍流衰减的流场中,模拟颗粒的湍流扩散特性,与文[1]中的模型和实验结果作比较,并使用新模型模拟了后台阶两相流动.     

Influences of magnetic particle–particle interactions on orientational distributions and rheological properties for a colloidal dispersion composed of rod-like particle with a magnetic moment normal to the particle axis

We have investigated mainly the influences of magnetic particle–particle interactions on the orientational distribution and viscosity of a semi-dense dispersion, which is composed of rod-like particles with a magnetic moment magnetized normal to the particle axis. In addition, the influences of the magnetic field strength, shear rate, and random forces on the orientational distribution and rheological properties have been clarified. The mean field approximation has been applied to take into account magnetic interactions between rod-like particles. The basic equation of the orientational distribution function has been derived from the balance of torques and solved by the numerical analysis method. The results obtained here are summarized as follows. For a strong magnetic field, the rotational motion of the rod-like particle is restricted in a plane normal to the shearing plane since the magnetic moment of the particle is restricted in the magnetic field direction. Under circumstances of a very strong magnetic interaction between particles, the magnetic moment is strongly restricted in the magnetic field direction, so that the particle has a tendency to incline in the flow direction with the magnetic moment pointing to the magnetic field direction. For a strong shear flow, a directional characteristic of rod-like particles is enhanced, and this leads to a more significant one-peak-type distribution of the orientational distribution function. Magnetic interactions between particles do not contribute to the increase in the viscosity because the mean-field vector has only a component along the magnetic field direction.