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本文介绍了一种新的机械阻抗测量方法-声强法,由定义出发将机械阻抗表为功率流和加速度响应谱的函数,应用结构声强技术测量功率流,声强法不需要测量作用力信号,可以用于测量任意结构中的各类机械阻抗,实验结果表明,声强获得的测量值与直接获得的测量值相近,声强法能较准确地测量一维和二维匀质结构中机械阻抗。 相似文献
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本文提出了一种新的耦合损耗因子测量方法:声强法。声强法利用结构声强技术测量的耦合处功率流计算耦会损耗因子。严格地说,声强法是一种近似测量方法。本文以三种常见的典型耦合结构为例,实验证明了在大多数情况下,声强法的近似误差很小,可以略去不计;声强法测量的耦合损耗因子与传统的能级差法测量的耦合损耗因子是“相等”的,它们都具有“相同”的测量精度。声强法与能级差法是“等效”的耦会损耗因子测量方法。 相似文献
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本文介绍了强测量技术在水下结构辐射近场测量中的实际测量系统,特别是水下声系统的扫描平面的实现方法及定位误差控制方法,最后讨论和分析了实际测量结果,从而说明该系统用水下声强测量是可行的。 相似文献
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振动结构中功率流的测量 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文对振动结构中功率流进行了理论上和实验上的研究,并用计算机进行了模拟计算。研究表明如果近场的影响搞清楚,可以仅用两只加速度计来测量弯曲波的功率,与空气中声功率测量很相似。本文计算了这方法引起的误差,在薄棒中弯曲波功率的测量值与理论值相比在2dB以内。低频误差主要来自近场的影响,高频则主要是换能器之间的间距,换能器的质量,以及相位差等的影响。 相似文献
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针对浅海Pekeris环境下声矢量场的干涉特征,基于简正波理论分析了在频率-距离域上声强谱、质点振速自谱、复声强谱和波阻抗谱干涉结构的形成机理,探讨了对干涉结构的波导不变量表征,并进行了宽带辐射声场干涉结构的海上测量试验。仿真研究和海试数据分析均表明,在频率-距离域上,上述4类物理量都会呈现稳定的、可用波导不变量β表征的干涉结构,而复声强独有的纯干涉分量更能体现波导的干涉效应。最后引入多尺度线性滤波器对海试实测LOFAR图进行处理,处理结果表明该滤波器可有效地增强干涉特征,更利于检测和提取干涉图案中的条纹信息。 相似文献
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结构光视觉技术是一种光学三维表面测量技术,具有速度快、精度高、鲁棒性强等优点。在实际应用中,线结构光发射器的镜头失真会导致光平面发生弯曲,而现有的大多数标定方法无法对失真进行补偿,并且会限制线结构光的分布规则。为了避免透镜失真所造成的影响,提出了一种精确且鲁棒性强的线结构光标定方法,通过构建曲面网格模型将水平、竖直射线追踪相结合,克服了现有方法对结构光分布方向的限制,同时,利用微分后的空间网格平面与像素网格平面之间的单应性关系实现了亚像素级的光条中心点三维重建。实验结果表明,该方法可以降低线结构光平面弯曲对标定精度的影响,对间距为55 mm的任意相邻靶标进行距离测量的误差小于0.08 mm,对间距为1133.85 mm的任意相邻靶标进行距离测量的精度可达0.50 mm。 相似文献
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从压力波法测量平板样本中空间电荷分布的理论分析出发,提出了对于同轴结构的固体电介质中空间电荷分布的压力波法测量的物理模型,并得出了测量电流的解析的数学表达式.依据泊松方程,考虑样品内的电场强度、介电常数和空间电荷密度随外界声波扰动而发生变化,将圆柱试样受到的压力波的影响分解成样品形变和质点位移两部分,进而得到了以同轴结构中空间电荷分布的压力波法测量的电压与电流表达式.测量电流的数学表达式表明,对于同轴结构,压力波法的测量电流信号不像平板结构中那样基本正比于空间电荷分布,而是应该做进一步的修正处理. 相似文献
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O. Lupan L. Chow G. Chai A. Schulte S. Park O. Lopatiuk-Tirpak L. Chernyak H. Heinrich 《Superlattices and Microstructures》2008
We have investigated three-dimensional (3-D) architectures–microspheres and radial structures–based on biopolymer-assisted self-assembly from one-dimensional ZnO nanorods. The developed method is simple, rapid and cost-effective and can be used for self-assembly of different complex superstructures. A possible model of 3-D architectures self-assembled with biopolymer assistance is presented using minimum energy considerations. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, micro–Raman spectroscopy and cathode luminescence investigations show that the novel 3-D architectures are built from high-purity ZnO nanorods with a wurtzite structure. The resulting radial structures show an intense ultraviolet (UV) cathode luminescence emission suggesting applications as UV light emitting diodes or lasers. Their structural characteristics endow them with a broad area of applications and offer a possibility to be used as fundamental low-dimensional building units. These building units open opportunities for the self-assembly of multifunctional nanostructured systems with applications in bioscience and nanomedicine, electronics and photonics. 相似文献
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This paper presents passive and active vibro-acoustic noise control methods for attenuating the interior noise level in box structures which can be an analogy of cabins of vehicle and aircraft. The structural intensity (SI) approach is adopted to identify the predominant vibration panels and interior noise sources for box structures. In the study, the finite element method is used to determine the structural vibration and structural intensity in the box surfaces. According to structural intensity vectors plot and structural intensity stream lines presentation, the possible effective control positions where the dampers may be attached and the active control forces may act to reduce vibration and interior noise, are identified. From the study, it can be demonstrated that the structural intensity approach and stream line presentation are possible methods for identifying the vibro-acoustic interior noise source and predominant panels which may be modified to reduce the interior noise level. The structural intensity methodology, passive and active noise control results can be extended to the further study of the vibration and interior noise control of actual cabins of vehicles and aircraft. 相似文献
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J. D. Jorgensen 《高压研究》2013,33(1-6):441-443
Abstract Time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction offers unique capabilities for structural studies at high pressure. Scientific applications have included studies of compression mechanisms, new high-pressure structures, and phase transitions. 相似文献
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This paper presents numerical simulations of structural intensity in a rib-reinforced plate, investigating the diffuseness. Many prediction models of building and structural acoustics, such as statistical energy analysis or energy flow methods, assume the vibrational wave fields to be diffuse. However, the diffuseness assumption is not always valid. One such example is a rib-reinforced plate typically found in a lightweight floor with wooden joists. Other examples can be found in aircraft and ship structures. The structural intensity of a ribbed plate is computed at low to mid frequencies using the Fourier sine expansion of the transverse displacement of the plate. Hamilton's principle is used in combination with thin plate theory and Euler beam theory. The model takes into account interactions between components. The Fourier sine modes are re-formulated as plane waves in a radial coordinate system, which can express the structural intensity in terms of the angular component of the modes. In the simulations, ensemble averages and rain-on-the-roof excitations are used. The numerical results show that the structural intensity varies significantly as the angle of propagation changes and cannot be assumed to form a diffuse field. 相似文献
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Progress in high-resolution X-ray microtomography has provided us with a practical approach to determining three-dimensional (3D) structures of opaque samples at micrometer to submicrometer resolution. In this review, we give an introduction to hard X-ray microtomography and its application to the visualization of 3D structures of biological soft tissues. Practical aspects of sample preparation, handling, data collection, 3D reconstruction, and structure analysis are described. Furthermore, different sample contrasting methods are approached in detail. Examples of microtomographic studies are overviewed to present an outline of biological applications of X-ray microtomography. We also provide perspectives of biological microtomography as the convergence of sciences in X-ray optics, biology, and structural analysis. 相似文献
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Gan YX 《Micron (Oxford, England : 1993)》2012,43(7):782-817
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当物质尺度减少到几层原子时,形成超细的纳米结、纳米线、或者纳米团簇,原有凝聚态物质的结构和物理性质将不再保持,而呈现出许多令人惊奇的奇异特性。本文重点讨论直径大约3 nm以下,具有足够长度的、原子结构往往不同于体材料的准一维金属纳米结构,我们称之为原子尺度金属纳米线或超细金属纳米线(也称为金属原子线)。近年来实验上已经制备和表征出在超高真空中悬挂在两个顶针尖端的Au、Pt、Cu等金属纳米线和纳米管,金属线直径达到1 nm以下而长度为6 nm以上。通过高分辩电子显微镜观察,它们是同轴圆管(或壳)组成的、类似纳米碳管的单壳或多壳结构,管由绕着线轴的螺旋原子绳构成。理论工作围绕这种新奇结构形态的形成机制、奇异的物理性质和可能的应用前景而同时展开。这是一个崭新的纳米世界,无论是对基础的低维物理还是未来分子电子设备的应用,都将产生深远的影响,有许多奇妙的现象正等待人们去发现。本文将对最近几年原子尺度金属纳米线研究工作的主要进展和发展趋势作一个概述,并重点介绍本组有关的具有螺旋结构的纳米线的各类新奇结构和物理性质。 相似文献
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当物质尺度减少到几层原子时,形成超细的纳米结、纳米线、或者纳米团簇,原有凝聚态物质的结构和物理性质将不再保持,而呈现出许多令人惊奇的奇异特性。本文重点讨论直径大约3nm以下,具有足够长度的、原子结构往往不同于体材料的准一维金属纳米结构,我们称之为原子尺度金属纳米线或超细金属纳米线(也称为金属原子线)。近年来实验上已经制备和表征出在超高真空中悬挂在两个顶针尖端的Au、Pt、Cu等金属纳米线和纳米管,金属线直径达到1nm以下而长度为6nm以上。通过高分辩电子显微镜观察,它们是同轴圆管(或壳)组成的、类似纳米碳管的单壳或多壳结构,管由绕着线轴的螺旋原子绳构成。理论工作围绕这种新奇结构形态的形成机制、奇异的物理性质和可能的应用前景而同时展开。这是一个崭新的纳米世界,无论是对基础的低维物理还是未来分子电子设备的应用,都将产生深远的影响,有许多奇妙的现象正等待人们去发现。本文将对最近几年原子尺度金属纳米线研究工作的主要进展和发展趋势作一个概述,并重点介绍本组有关的具有螺旋结构的纳米线的各类新奇结构和物理性质。 相似文献