非平行双目视觉系统水下标定与测量

针对用非平行双目视觉系统进行水下拍摄测量时,由于折射所导致的测量误差较大、精度不高的问题,建立了基于折射光路的水下双目视觉系统测量模型,并以Agrawal方法为基础,在已知两摄像机相对位置关系的前提下,对该测量模型参数标定的方法进行了改进。为验证改进的Agrawal方法的可靠性,与Agrawal方法进行水下标定对比实验。结果表明,相较于Agrawal标定算法得到的防水罩法向量这一模型参数,提出的改进算法的结果与真实值更为接近。在此基础上,应用标定后的水下双目视觉系统测量模型对水下靶标标定点间的标准距离进行测量,测量误差平均值为-0.0134 mm,最大误差为0.2073 mm,与空气中双目视觉系统测量精度相当。     

水下双目立体测量系统的建模与误差分析

提出了一种新的基于双目视觉的水下成像模型。在摄像机理想针孔成像模型的基础上,考虑平面防水罩厚度对光线经水、防水罩、空气发生两次折射的影响,建立了摄像机在水下环境中物体的三维重建模型。针对此模型,分析了双目测量系统结构参数以及被测物点位置对测量精度的影响,对进一步优化系统结构设计和提升系统测量精度具有一定的实际指导意义。     

水下多路水声测量信号光纤传输系统

以一个水声被动测量系统的工程项目为平台，介绍与其配套的水下多路水声测量系统的构成、主要电路环节和工作原理。     

激光的水下传输特性及其在测量中的应用

对激光在水介质中传输的光学特性进行分析，在此基础上，给出用于水下测量的激光测量系统及测量结果，并对激光在未来海洋探测方面的应用作了展望。     

激光靶测量图象的在线处理与应用

介绍了图象在线处理系统及其被用于激光靶测量的工作。自行建立了图象处理的自动测量分析系统，研制了适应该系统的图象测量分析的专用软件ＹＡＮＧ．ＥＸＥ。实际测量结果表明，与以前方法比较，本系统测量数据重复性好，实测精度好于以前手工方法，并且可以对靶表面缺陷进行定量测量。已经逐步用于ＩＣＦ靶与ＸＲＬ靶的实际测量。     

水声声强测量分析系统及其在水下噪声鉴别中的应用

本文将空气中能形成测量分析系统的声强测量技术引入到水介质中，建立了一套水声声强测量分析系统，讨论了此套水声声强测量分析系统的硬，软件组成及特征，实验验证了本系统的可靠性，利用此声强分析系统对水下双噪声源的近场作了平面扫描测量，可以定位和鉴别这两个噪声源。     

基于选通深度曲线的脉冲激光水下传输时域展宽测量

时域展宽是脉冲激光在水下传输时的重要特性,直接影响蓝绿激光对潜通信和水下激光成像等水下光电应用的性能。推导了选通深度曲线的特征参数与脉冲激光回波波形参数和增强型电荷耦合器件(ICCD)选通波形参数的关系,从而提出了基于选通深度曲线的脉冲激光水下传输时域展宽测量方法。利用所搭建的高重频脉冲激光水下成像系统,在大型室内船池中进行实验测量。结果表明,所提方法能够有效完成脉冲激光在水下传输时的时域展宽测量,尤其适用于远距离传输的情况。     

一种电缆测井深度测量校正方法

马丁代克深度测量系统是电缆测井中测量井深的专业设备，深度轮作为该测量系统的重要组成部分，它的误差将直接影响电缆测井的深度信息。因此需要对深度测量系统进行定期校正。通过分析马丁代克测量系统的误差来源，提出了采用光栅尺作为测量系统的校正仪器，通过模拟深度轮在测井过程中电缆所受的拉力、运动方式、扭转等实际情况，克服了传统校正方法仅仅考虑单一因素、效率低、精度不高等不足。实验表明该方法具有重复校正结果一致性好、校正速度快、精度高等优点，具有一定的工程实际应用意义。     

便携式高精度水下高速运动体三维轨迹测量系统

本文介绍一种便携式高精度水下高速运动体三维轨迹测量系统。文中叙述了定位解算数学模型、主要误差源、水下基阵校准及姿态修正方法。对距离模糊、多途干扰等问题亦作了分析。最后给出了部分湖上及海上试验结果。     

基于合作目标的激光水下定位

为了准确获取水下运动目标的运动轨迹,提高测量的数据率,提出了一种基于合作目标的激光水下定位方法。通过在被测目标上加装合作目标,利用合作目标的全反射特性,实现了脉冲式激光水下测角与测距的功能。介绍了激光水下定位的方法和系统组成,给出了水下定位的数学模型及测量结果。模拟实验结果表明,该方法具有一定的工程应用价值。最后,结合工程应用,对激光水下定位需要解决的一些实际问题进行了分析。      

Research on intensity measurement in room impulse field

A new system of sound intensity measurement for impulse field in the room was proposed. This measurement system consists of a repeatable inspiriting sound source and a microphone fixed on a slowly rotating platform, which is equivalent to a circle microphone array composed of many perfectly matched microphones. The test principle was presented and typical application was described. Based upon this system the sound intensity measurement for impulse field in the room was realized. Therefore, not only time but also spatial information of room impulse response can be obtained.     

Fundamentals of the direct measurement of sound intensity and practical applications

Sound intensity is a measure of the magnitude and direction of the flow of sound energy. Developments in sound intensity measurement capabilities in the last quarter century have occurred because of several reasons. The main ones include the derivation of the cross-spectral formulation for sound intensity and developments in digital signal processing. This paper begins with a brief historical introduction of sound intensity measurements. Then elementary theory for sound intensity is presented. A section on sound intensity measurements is then included. The next section of the paper discusses sources of measurement error; the major sources of error are described in some detail. The paper continues with a discussion of the main applications of sound intensity measurements: sound power determination, noise source identification, and transmission loss measurements. The paper concludes with a discussion of ISO and ANSI intensity related standards and relevant references.     

阵列式双水听器平面扫描声强分布测量和声功率计算实验研究

根据双水听器法测量声强的基本原理，本文提出了基阵在湖中的布放及测量声强分布的实施步骤。通过对试验数据的处理与分析，给出了声强分布的三维力和等值曲线图，并利用扫描平面上的声强分布。计算出声源辐射的声功率。实验表明，本文提出的用列阵式双水听器声强测量系统，作平面扫描测量声强分布的方案是合理的；利用所测得的双平面近场声强分布来计算源的辐射也是可行的。     

阻抗管法测量水下吸声系数的系统误差分析*

利用阻抗管法测量吸声系数是水下吸声材料研制过程中的重要环节,实验测量结果相比理论计算结果更具说服力。然而在待测样品的制备和安装过程中容易引入的系统误差往往被忽略,从而影响实测结果可信度。为了降低系统误差,本文提出缝隙宽、垂直度和光洁度三种可能引入系统误差的因素,搭建传递函数法水下吸声系数测量的有限元模拟实验环境并验证仿真计算算法的正确性,研究相关参量对橡胶吸声系数的影响规律,并给出一定误差下对相关参量的限制要求。所得结论对降低测量误差、提升实测结果可信度具有一定参考价值。     

Development of sound measurement systems for auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging

Auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) requires quantification of sound stimuli in the magnetic environment and adequate isolation of background noise. We report the development of two novel sound measurement systems that accurately measure the sound intensity inside the ear, which can simultaneously provide the similar or greater amount of scanner- noise protection than ear-muffs. First, we placed a 2.6 x 2.6-mm microphone in an insert phone that was connected to a headphone [microphone-integrated, foam-tipped insert-phone with a headphone (MIHP)]. This attenuated scanner noise by 37.8+/-4.6 dB, a level better than the reference amount obtained using earmuffs. The nonmetallic optical microphone was integrated with a headphone [optical microphone in a headphone (OMHP)] and it effectively detected the change of sound intensity caused by variable compression on the cushions of the headphone. Wearing the OMHP reduced the noise by 28.5+/-5.9 dB and did not affect echoplanar magnetic resonance images. We also performed an auditory fMRI study using the MIHP system and presented increase in the auditory cortical activation following 10-dB increment in the intensity of sound stimulation. These two newly developed sound measurement systems successfully achieved the accurate quantification of sound stimuli with maintaining the similar level of noise protection of wearing earmuffs in the auditory fMRI experiment.     

超声搅拌磁流变抛光液的声场仿真分析

为了探究超声搅拌磁流变抛光液的制备及优化工艺,利用多物理场数值计算方法,建立了超声搅拌磁流变抛光液的声场仿真模型,并进行了频域分析。研究了不同液位深度、超声变幅杆探入深度,不同功率下磁流变抛光液的声场分布。通过测量磁流变抛光液的声场强度对声场仿真进行了验证。结果表明：随着距变幅杆距离的增加,声强逐渐减弱,高声强区域主要分布在换能器轴线附近。声强在距变幅杆20mm范围内急剧衰减,变幅杆最佳探入深度为10mm,增大功率有助于空化区域的扩大。声场仿真结果与实验测量结果基本一致,对磁流变抛光液的制备提供了数值计算基础。     

声波作用下液滴碰并沉降及其氢氧同位素特征*

液滴沉降过程中会与环境水汽发生物质交换。论文通过小尺度室内实验,研究了低频声波作用下液滴碰并沉降及其与气室环境水汽氢氧同位素交换特征。研究结果证实液滴沉降过程中存在同位素交换,该过程受声波显著影响。声波作用后液滴粒径增大,液滴沉降后汇集水中重同位素出现富集。液滴与环境水汽氢氧同位素交换强度与液滴初始粒径呈正相关,声波对大液滴群影响的显著性水平可达0.05。该研究可为室外声波增雨雪试验效果评价提供理论参考依据。     

南海北部浅海声场起伏及统计特性

水下声场的时间积分声强和峰值声强是声呐检测中的重要物理量,而海洋中的内波等动力学过程会造成声场强度的起伏。对南海北部浅海内波环境下定点声起伏实验数据分析,结合数值仿真,总结了试验海域近海底发射和近海底接收条件下内波引起接收信号强度起伏的统计特性.分析结果表明:接收信号的时间积分声强起伏小于峰值声强起伏;时间积分声强与峰值声强起伏的概率分布与对数正态分布较为接近.时间积分声强和峰值声强起伏大小与信号的频率有关,同一收发距离,中心频率650 Hz信号的声强起伏较中心频率310 Hz和375 Hz信号的声强起伏更为剧烈。对于同一频率,当海底较平坦时,声强起伏的闪烁指数随传播距离的增加而增大;当水深随传播距离逐渐变深时,声强起伏规律受内波和水深变化共同影响而更为复杂,闪烁指数先随传播距离增加而增大,之后又随传播距离的增加而逐渐变小.      

A high-temperature acoustic field measurement and analysis system for determining cavitation intensity in ultrasonically solidified metallic alloys

A high-temperature acoustic field measurement and analysis system (HTAFS) was self-designed and developed to achieve real-time acoustic field analysis and quantitative cavitation characterization within high-temperature liquids. The acoustic signal was acquired by a high-temperature resistant waveguide and calibrated by separate compensation of line and continuous spectra to eliminate frequency offsets. Moreover, a new method was proposed to derive from the continuous-spectrum sound intensity and line-spectrum sound intensity in the frequency band above 1.5 times the fundamental frequency to characterize the intensity of transient cavitation and stable cavitation. The acoustic field characteristics within solidifying liquid Al-7 %Si alloy were successfully determined by this system. With the increase of ultrasound amplitude, the acoustic pressure in the alloy melt increased to be stable, the transient cavitation intensity first rose and then declined, and the stable cavitation intensity remained unchanged. Combined with the structural evolution of the primary α(Al) phase, the transient cavitation intensity was determined to be the dominant factor for the ultrasound-induced grain refinement effect.