建筑结构间耦合损耗因子测量的新方法

本文提出了一种新的耦合损耗因子测量方法：声强法。声强法利用结构声强技术测量的耦合处功率流计算耦会损耗因子。严格地说，声强法是一种近似测量方法。本文以三种常见的典型耦合结构为例，实验证明了在大多数情况下，声强法的近似误差很小，可以略去不计；声强法测量的耦合损耗因子与传统的能级差法测量的耦合损耗因子是“相等”的，它们都具有“相同”的测量精度。声强法与能级差法是“等效”的耦会损耗因子测量方法。     

结构声强技术测量墙体结构中弯曲波耦合功率流

虽然结构声强技术已成功地应用于匀质薄壁结构，但在建筑结构的应用研究只是一些定性的探讨，本文应用结构声强技术研究建筑结构中弯曲波声强的测量，以传统方法获得的结构总损耗能量测量值为参考，基于９５％合成置信区间研究弯曲波声强的测量精度，初步探讨了结构声强技术在建筑中应用的可行性。     

浅海舰船噪声声强流的垂直方向性

浅海环境中,确定性声源的多途声信号干涉使得接收点处声强流的方向发生改变,不再与声源位置处的声强流方向一致。只测量声场的标量声强时,无法得到接收点处声强流的垂直方向性,而基于简正波矢量场建模和仿真,可获得理想条件下宽带点声源激发声场声强流的垂直方向性。本文采用单矢量水听器进行海上实验,获得了海洋环境噪声和干扰条件下舰船噪声声强流的垂直方向性。仿真和实验结果表明:远场条件下,浅海干涉现象引起接收点处声强流的方向(极角)随频率和距离变化,其时间-频率分布呈现与LOFAR谱干涉条纹相似的条纹,声强流的极角值主要分布在70?～110?范围内。     

基于声压-质点速度声强探头的材料吸声系数的测量

通过由一个声压换能器和一个质点速度换能器所构成的传感器(p-u声强探头)同时测量材料表面附近的声压和质点振动速度,可直接得到其声学阻抗,进而得到材料的反射因子、吸声系数。本文利用一个p-u探头声强测量系统,在半消声室内测量了三聚氰胺泡沫的吸声系数,分析了声源高度和入射角度、材料样本尺寸和厚度对吸声系数测量的影响,并和阻抗管中测量得到的法向吸声系数进行了对比。最后分析了声阻抗率的幅值和相位误差对吸声系数的影响,推导了它们的误差传递公式。     

结构振动声强法研究及应用

振动声强技术通过绘制功率流矢量图和流线图来分析结构噪声源及能量传播路径,可以清晰体现振动声能的分布和传播。对振动和噪声控制具有重要的理论意义和应用前景。本文总结了振动声强试验和理论计算技术的发展,并推导了受迫振动板中声强分量与振动能量的数学关系;最后对振动声强法在复杂结构振动功率流控制和结构损伤识别中的应用进行了展望。     

阵列式双水听器平面扫描声强分布测量和声功率计算实验研究

根据双水听器法测量声强的基本原理，本文提出了基阵在湖中的布放及测量声强分布的实施步骤。通过对试验数据的处理与分析，给出了声强分布的三维力和等值曲线图，并利用扫描平面上的声强分布。计算出声源辐射的声功率。实验表明，本文提出的用列阵式双水听器声强测量系统，作平面扫描测量声强分布的方案是合理的；利用所测得的双平面近场声强分布来计算源的辐射也是可行的。     

声强的有旋性与表面声强

本文应用复声强的概念,讨论了复声强的实部即有功声强的有旋性质。指出:在声场中真正传递声能量者仅是有功声强中的无旋分量。所以在应用双传声器声强测量法测量声功率时将受到有旋性的影响。有功声强的无旋分量与表面声强有关,因此测量表面声强可避免有旋性的影响。本文从自功率谱的角度给出了表面声强的有关计算公式,为表面声强测量提供了理论基础。     

声光衍射法测量液体中超声声强的数据处理方法

为将半导体激光器用于构建声光效应及声速声强测量教学实验装置,推导了超声光栅远场衍射光场分布,给出了超声光栅相位调制系数分别与声强和各级衍射光强度的关系,总结了从衍射光场图像提取声强值的数据处理方法.通过建立交替使用氦氖激光器或半导体激光器的实验系统,进行了液体中超声声强测量的比较实验,验证了半导体激光器作为光源实现声光衍射法超声声强测量的可行性.     

FFT分析仪-微机声强测量系统及其应用

本文讨论用HP 3562A动态信号分析仪与HP9000/320微机联机所组成的声强测量分析系统,利用自编软件进行声强的测量和分析。系统的输出功能有:50Hz—10kHz范围内各种频率分辨率的声强谱和声功率谱(线性或A计权,窄带或1/3倍频程分析),表面的三维声强图和等声强线图。以B＆K4205标准声功率源和电动机为测量对象,与在半消声室内按ISO 3745测得的结果进行对比表明,本声强测量系统的精度能满足一般工程要求。最后还提供了应用本测量系统对一台车床的噪声幅射进行分析的实例。     

毫米波大功率脉冲衰减器渐变结构的匹配研究

首先提出一种适合于毫米波大功率脉冲衰减器的结构形式，然后，用里兹－瑞利法分析了它的截面阻抗值，根据阻抗值，提出渐变线的一种优化方法。经实验验证，这种渐变结构的衰减器具有很低的驻波，同时也可有很高的功率容量。     

Acoustic radiation impedance of duct-nozzle system

A method is described to evaluate the radiation impedance spectra of a duct-nozzle system with and without mean flow by using measured reflection coefficient data. In this method the impedance at the junction of the duct and nozzle is first evaluated by using complex reflection coefficient data measured experimentally with an impulse technique. This impedance is then transferred to the nozzle exit by using a solution of the wave equation appropriate for the duct-nozzle system. The application of this method is described and results are presented to show the effect of nozzle geometry and the effect of mean flow on the radiation impedance of the duct-nozzle system. The results derived by using this method are compared with the similar results derived by using some approximate methods.     

磁绝缘电压叠加器功率流的电路计算方法

以已建成的10级直线变压器驱动源系统为依托,以传输线计算方法为基础,通过引入空间电荷限制流和磁绝缘流阻抗模型,对感应电压叠加(IVA)真空功率流的电路计算方法进行了探索,开发了包含磁绝缘过程的全电路计算程序,提供了一种快速评估该IVA系统真空功率流的方法。计算结果表明:对磁绝缘状态下流阻抗的描述是该方法准确计算的关键;解决好算法的数值稳定性,避免数值振荡的发生,是将这一方法推广应用的重要前提。     

A Simple Method for Measuring Tensile Force with Piezoelectric Patch

We propose a simple method for monitoring the axial tensile and compressive force in a structure by using a piezoelectric patch with the piezoelectric impedance based measurement. A simple approximate equation for estimating the tensile force in two different conditions, which can be calculated easily if the naturM frequencies in two different states are measuredt is explained in detail. On another front, the natural frequency can be very easily measured by a piezoelectric element by bonding it on the measuring subject structure, because its electric impedance of piezoelement is related to the structural mechanical impedance. Furthermore, an experiment for measuring a tensile force in a simple supported beam is carried out for validating the proposed method. The results show a good accuracy in estimating the tensile force variation by the natural frequency change measured from the piezoelement.     

The mechanical point impedance of the human head, with and without skin penetration

The fact that a titanium screw can be implanted into the mastoid portion of the human skull, at the same time establishing a permanent, reaction-free skin penetration, has made it possible to attach a new bone conduction hearing aid directly to the skull. To understand and improve this new method of bone stimulation, the mechanical point impedance of the titanium screw-skull system was measured. The conventional point impedance of the skin-covered mastoid portion of the temporal bone was also measured and the difference in magnitude between the two impedances was calculated. An impedance head (Brüel & Kjaer 8001) and an FFT analyzer (Hewlett-Packard 5423) were used for mechanical point impedance measurements. Seven patients have been investigated. The magnitude of the impedance for the screw-skull system was found to be generally between 10 and 30 dB higher than that for the conventional skin-covered mastoid bone. One conclusion is that the conventional point impedance of the skin-covered mastoid portion of the human skull is essentially due to the properties of the skin and subcutaneous soft tissue. Another conclusion is that a much lower stimulation velocity is needed, with skin penetration, to produce a given hearing sensation.     

基于反向传播神经网络的阻抗断层图像重建新方法

电阻抗成像是通过对物体表面电压、电流的测量来重建物体内部阻抗分布或变化图像的一种新颖计算机断层成像技术。阻抗断层图像重建是一种病态的、非线性的逆问题。提出了一种全新的阻抗断层图像重建方法，它利用反向传播神经网络来表征物体内部阻抗变化位置与物体表面电压变化大小的非线性映射关系，从而可以根据对物体表面测量电压的变化先准确定位阻抗变化区域，再用线性近似方法重建阻抗变化图像，这种方法不仅具有一定的抗噪能力，而且成像精度和空间分辨率都大大好于逆投影方法。     

A straightforward method for wall impedance eduction in a flow duct

The development of the advanced liner technology for aeroengine noise control necessitates the impedance measurement method under realistic flow conditions. Currently, the methods for this need are mainly based on the inverse impedance eduction principle, confronting with the problems of initial guess, high computation cost, and low convergence. In view of this, a new strategy is developed that straightforwardly educes the impedance from the sound pressure information measured on the duct wall opposing to the test acoustic liner embedded in a flow duct. Here, the key insight is that the modal nature of the duct acoustic field renders a summed-exponential representation of the measured sound pressure; thus, the characterizing axial wave number can be readily extracted by means of Prony's method, and further the unknown impedance is calculated from the eigenvalue and dispersion relations based on the classical mode-decomposition analysis. This straightforward method is simple in its basic principle but remarkably has the advantages of ultimately overcoming the drawbacks inherent to the inverse methods, incorporating the realistic multimode nonprogressive wave effects, high computational efficiency, possibly reducing the measurement points, and even avoiding the necessity of the duct exit impedance that bothers perhaps all the existing waveguide methods.     

RF discharge impedance measurements using a new method to determinethe stray impedances

The impedance of a capacitively coupled radio frequency discharge in a tubular fluorescent lamp filled with neon and mercury is measured. The stray impedances in the electrical network are determined using a new method that requires no extra instruments. The reflection of power is used to determine the stray impedances. Making use of a simple discharge impedance model, the electron density in the lamp is estimated     

A simple empirical model of polyester fibre materials for acoustical applications

A new empirical model has been developed by the authors to predict the flow resistivity, acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient of polyester fibre materials. The parameters of the model have been adjusted to best fit the values of airflow resistivity and sound absorption coefficient measured over a set of 38 samples. Calculated results are compared with normal incidence measurements carried out using two different techniques: the transfer-function method in an impedance tube (ISO 10534-2) and the free-field impulse response method (ISO 13472-1). Measurements performed on polyester fibre materials with different density and thickness values, and diameter ranging from 18 to 48 μm, are in good agreement with the predictions of the new model. It is concluded that the new model can predict the basic acoustic properties of common polyester fibre materials with any practical combination of thickness and density².     

Reduction of acoustic radiation by impedance control with a perforated absorber system

A model of sound radiation from an infinite plate with an absorptive facing is proposed and investigated theoretically from the viewpoint of acoustic power. Acoustic characteristics on the plate surface are represented by impedance derived from iso-absorption curves. A parametric study is carried out to clarify the effect of the impedance on the acoustic power. Results derived from this model show that acoustic radiation depends on change in impedance as well as the absorption coefficient, and there is a possibility of reducing the radiation from vibrating surface by introducing an appropriate impedance surface. In order to realize this effect, a model using a perforated board with a back cavity attached to the vibrating surface is proposed, in which the motion of the perforated board is made equal to that of the vibrating surface. To obtain fundamental data, a theoretical study is performed under a simplified condition, assuming an infinite plane piston. The calculated results are compared to experimental data measured by using an acoustic tube. The results, which are in good agreement in the reduction effect, show that this system can achieve the reduction of radiated sound power at arbitrary frequencies.     

声阻抗转换器的研究

描述不均匀传输线中的声反射系数可以归结为求解一种非线性微分方程（Riccati方程），本文探索一条寻找此类方程解析解的新方法，并利用此方法研究了声阻抗转换器，从而大大拓宽了声阻抗转换器阻抗分布的研究范围，作为例子，本文提出了几种阻抗变换形式，并把它们的功率传输效率与已有的均匀及指数型转换器作比较，计算结果表明：当转换器两端与传输介质的阻抗跃变很大时，某些阻抗转换器的传输效率比均匀及指数型转换器高得多．