变形方式对Cu-Nb复合线材的结构和性能影响研究

Cu-Nb复合线材作为一种典型的高强度、高电导、高导热铜基复合材料,是制备超高场脉冲磁体的首选导体材料.低温和轧制变形作为梯度纳米材料塑性变形的新型变形手段,得到广泛关注。本文分别开展了低温、轧制变形方式对锯管增强Cu-Nb复合线材(Cu-Nb-Cu)的结构及性能影响的研究.有效调控了复合线材的强度和电导倒置关系,实现了Cu-Nb-Cu复合线材的综合性能突破.揭示了轧制变形后Cu-Nb-Cu复合带材的芯丝结构演变特征,探讨了Cu-Nb-Cu复合线带材的低温和轧制变形机理.     

Nb 管增强Cu-Nb 复合线材的结构及力学性能研究

Cu-Nb 复合材料兼具高强度、 高电导率以及高热稳定性等优势, 已成为脉冲磁体和电磁线圈导体材料的首选. 本文通过集束拉拔技术成功制备出了 Nb 管增强 Cu-Nb 三次复合线材. 综合利用 TEM/HRTEM、EBSD 等表征和测试手段分析了冷拉变形后材料的微观组织, 揭示了大塑性变形后 Nb 管增强 Cu-Nb 复合线材的微结构演变特征. 并基于线材强度与 Nb 芯丝的量化关系分析, 探讨了 Nb 管增强 Cu-Nb 复合线材的强化机理.     

尺寸条件下Cu-Nb-Cu复合线材微观结构的演变机制

本文采用集束拉拔技术成功制备出了Nb管增强Cu-Nb的多芯复合线材,分别对不同尺寸(Φ2.5mm、Φ2.2mm、Φ2.0mm,Φ1.7mm)线材的微观形貌进行了表征,并测试了不同尺寸线材的纳米压痕实验曲线.探究了尺寸效应下,Cu-Nb-Cu复合线材微观形貌的变化规律,及引入Nb管后,材料的界面、芯丝、及不同铜层的硬度演变规律.最后通过对Φ1.7mm线材进行高分辨场TEM测试,结果显示,线材经过大塑型变形后,完整的Nb管已经发生了破裂,呈条带状分布.     

尺寸对Cu-Nb微观复合材料磁滞特性的影响

本文研究了Cu-Nb多芯复合线微观结构对磁滞特性的影响.样品通过不同塑性应变和热处理获得不同显微结构.结果表明,经冷加工变形和800℃/1.5h退火,尺寸为Φ1.06mm样品的磁化曲线中只在高场下出现了一个峰,这个峰来源于Nb的体钉扎.Φ2.04mm样品在退火后的曲线中出现了三峰结构,低场下的两个峰是由于临界效应使Cu基体中产生了超导电性引起的,而高场下出现的第三个峰也与Nb的体钉扎有关.样品中Nb芯丝直径及芯丝间距等因素影响了复合材料直流磁化曲线的特征.     

挤压工艺制备19芯MgB_2超导线材及其性能研究

本文采用挤压工艺研制19芯结构的多芯MgB_2/Nb/Cu超导线材,通过单道次挤压工艺将多芯复合包套从Φ64mm挤压到Φ20mm。挤压后的复合线通过冷拉拔最终加工到Φ1.4mm,并在670℃,保温2h进行烧结热处理,成功地制备出百米量级长度的MgB_2超导线材。采用该工艺所制备MgB_2超导线材具有良好的晶粒连接性和芯丝结合强度;显微分析表明该多芯复合线材横截面及超导芯丝分布较为均匀;在20和35K,自场下测试了所研制线材的传输性能,其超导临界电流密度J_c分别为1.05×10~5和6.7×10~4A/cm~2。     

低损耗NbTi线材制备技术研究

国内重离子加速器(HIAF)磁体服役在高速脉冲电流下,要求超导磁体用超导线具有较低的损耗,并具有高的临界电流,针对磁体的设计要求,本文研制了两种新型结构的NbTi/Cu0.5Mn超导线,通过两次组装、冷拉拔获得了线径Φ0.8mm、12960芯和10800芯、铜比2.0、芯丝小于5μm的高临界电流、低损耗超导线,系统研究了两种新型结构超导线的截面形貌、芯丝形貌、磁滞损耗及不同时效热处理次数超导线的临界电流密度(Jc)和n值,最后获得了线材芯丝直径和磁滞损耗的变化关系.研究结果表明,两种线材经过二次组装、挤压和冷拉拔后,单个亚组元成型良好,芯丝变形粗细均匀,尺寸大约4μm.随着时效热处理次数由3次增加到5次,线材芯丝表面有颗粒状的CuTi化合物生成,且5T、4.2K下临界电流密度由2295A/mm2增加到2958A/mm2,不同时效热处理次数的线材n值大小介于30~60之间,表明芯丝整体变形均匀.线径Φ0.8 mm、12960芯和10800芯线材在4.2K、±3T下的磁滞损耗分别为35.5mJ/cm3、42.8mJ/cm3,随着线材芯丝直径由4.6μm减小至2.8μm,磁滞损耗由42.8mJ/cm3降低至17.3 mJ/cm3.最后,通过优化工艺后获得了Jc(5T、4.2K)为2958 A/mm2,Qh(4.2K,±3T)为37.5mJ/cm3的千米级NbTi/Cu0.5Mn超导长线,并可实现批量化生产.     

功能化石墨烯改性聚乙烯热力学特性的分子动力学模拟

聚乙烯绝缘材料在我国高压电缆中有着广泛的应用.为了提高其耐热稳定性和力学性能,利用石墨烯对聚乙烯进行掺杂改性,并基于分子动力学模拟的研究方法分别建立了低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、石墨烯和3种官能团接枝石墨烯掺杂聚乙烯的复合模型.研究表明,相比石墨烯直接掺杂聚乙烯,羧基(-COOH)、氨基(-NH)和羟基(-OH)接枝石墨烯能够更加有效地提高聚乙烯的玻璃化温度(分别提高了16 K、7 K、5 K),减弱聚乙烯分子链的移动和降低聚乙烯的热膨胀系数、均方位移(MSD),从而使得聚乙烯复合体系的热学性能得到了有效增强.此外发现石墨烯的掺杂能够提高复合模型的力学模量,其中官能团接枝石墨烯改进效果更明显,室温下弹性模量和剪切模量的提升幅度由不接枝的33.98%、36.18%,提升到了44%和42.89%(羧基功能化体系).研究结果可为聚乙烯绝缘材料的热老化抑制和力学性能的改善提供有益的参考.     

青铜法Nb_3Sn超导线材的性能优化研究

采用青铜法工艺制备了Nb_3Sn超导线材,研究了不同的结构设计、中间退火温度、成相热处理制度等对线材性能的影响.实验结果表明,具有相同的青铜/NbTa体积比而芯丝直径不同的线材,芯丝尺寸在合理范围内越小,临界电流密度越高;使用Ta阻隔层的线材的磁滞损耗有大幅下降,但其加工性能较之Nb阻隔层要差;低的退火温度在改善青铜加工硬化的同时减少了Nb_3Sn超导相预反应生成量,线材性能较高.     

功能化石墨烯改性聚乙烯热力学特性的分子动力学模拟

聚乙烯绝缘材料在我国高压电缆中有着广泛的应用,为了提高其耐热稳定性和力学性能,利用石墨烯对聚乙烯进行掺杂改性,并基于分子动力学模拟的研究方法分别建立了低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）、石墨烯和3种官能团接枝石墨烯掺杂聚乙烯的复合模型。研究表明,相比石墨烯直接掺杂聚乙烯,羧基（-COOH）、氨基(-NH2)和羟基(-OH)接枝石墨烯能够更加有效地提高聚乙烯的玻璃化温度（分别提高了16k、7k、5k）、减弱聚乙烯分子链的移动和降低聚乙烯的热膨胀系数、均方位移(MSD),从而使得聚乙烯复合体系的热学性能得到了有效增强;此外发现石墨烯的掺杂能够提高复合模型的力学模量,其中官能团接枝石墨烯改进效果更明显,室温下弹性模量和剪切模量的提升幅度由不接枝的33.98%、36.18%,提升到了44%和42.89%（羧基功能化体系）。研究结果可为聚乙烯绝缘材料的热老化抑制和力学性能的改善提供有益的参考。     

Nb芯增强MgB2多芯超导线材的制备及性能研究

以Nb/Cu复合管作为外包套材料,Nb棒作为中心增强体,通过原位法粉末装管工艺(in-situ PIT)制备了不同芯丝结构的TiC 粉末掺杂MgB2/NbCu多芯线材.在高纯流动氩气保护条件下、700℃烧结2h进行成相反应.对烧结后的线材分别进行了应力-应变分析、微观结构以及超导电性等分析检测.拉伸实验分析表明,Nb芯...     

Enhanced Fluorescence of Graphene Oxide by Well-Controlled Au@SiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles

Graphene and graphene derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO), have attracted remarkable attention in different fields due to their unique electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties, whereas the fluorescence property is rarely been studied. This paper reports on metal-enhanced fluorescence Au@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles adsorbed graphene oxide nanosheets, where the silica-shell is used to control the distance between gold-core and fluorophore GO, and a positively charged polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) is used to adsorb the negatively charged silica-shell and GO by layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) approach. The silica-shell around the 80 nm gold-core can be well-controlled by ending the reaction at different times. Various analytical techniques were applied to characterize the morphology and optical characters of the as-prepared particles. A more than three-fold increase of the fluorescence intensity of GO was obtained.     

Third-order nonlinear optical properties of graphene composites: A review

Graphene has excellent thirdorder nonlinear optical (NLO) properties due to its unique electronic band structure and wideband gap tunability. This paper focuses on the research progress of graphene and its composite materials in nonlinear optics in recent years. In this review, recent results on graphene (or graphene oxide)-metal nanoparticles (G-MNPs), graphene-metal-oxide nanoparticles (G-MONPs), graphene-metal sulfide nanoparticles (G-MSNPs), and graphene-organic molecular composites (G-OM) have been discussed. In addition, the enhancement mechanism of nonlinear absorption (NLA) and optical limiting (OL) have also been covered.     

Fabrication of high-performance nickel/graphene oxide composite coatings using ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition

Ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition was used to fabricate the nickel/graphene oxide composite coatings with high hardness, low friction coefficient, and high wear resistance. In the present study, the effects of ultrasonic power and concentration of graphene oxide on the mechanical and tribological properties of the electrodeposited nickel/graphene oxide composite coatings were systematically studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the crystallite size of the nickel decreased with an increase of ultrasonic power (0–50 W, 40 KHz, square wave) and concentration of graphene oxide (0.1–0.4 g/L). Morphologies of the surface and cross-section of the composite coatings observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the existence of graphene oxide particles in the nickel matrix. The results from microhardness measurement demonstrated that the hardness was increased by 1.8 times using 50 W ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition with the fixed concentration of graphene oxide (0.1 g/L), compared to the pure nickel coating. The hardness was increased by 4.4 times for the 0.4 g/L graphene oxide with the optimized ultrasonic power of 50 W in comparison to the pure nickel coating. Meanwhile, the friction coefficient decreased gradually with an increase in ultrasonic power and concentration of graphene oxide, respectively, where the effect of the concentration of graphene oxide played a more important role.     

Graphene oxide-COOH as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and mode-locking fiber lasers

Graphene oxide carboxylic acid(COOH), a novel two-dimensional(2D) layered material with its unique optical and electronic properties, is discovered to exhibit the saturation of optical absorption under laser illumination.Applying the liquid-phase exfoliation method, we prepare graphene oxide-COOH dispersions with deionized water and fabricate graphene oxide-COOH polyvinyl alcohol polymer composite film. We further obtain stable Q-switching pulse and mode-locked laser operation with a 22.7 MHz repetition rate and a 1.5 ps pulse duration by incorporating the graphene oxide-COOH-based saturable absorbers into the all-fiber erbium-doped fiber laser cavity. The experimental results show that the proposed graphene oxide-COOH material can act as an effective absorber for pulsed fiber lasers, which demonstrate potential applications in the area of ultrafast optics.     

石墨烯/铝基复合材料在纳米压痕过程中位错与石墨烯相互作用机制的模拟研究

石墨烯因其优异的力学性能已成为增强金属基复合材料的理想增强体.然而,目前对石墨烯/金属基复合材料在纳米压痕过程中嵌入石墨烯与位错之间的相互作用仍不清晰.本文采用分子动力学模拟方法,对90°,45°和0°位向的石墨烯/铝基复合材料进行了纳米压痕模拟,研究了压痕加载和卸载过程中石墨烯/铝基复合材料的位错形核及演化,以获取不同位向的石墨烯与位错的相互作用机制,并分析其对塑性区的影响.研究发现,石墨烯可以有效阻碍位错运动,并且石墨烯会沿着位错滑移方向发生弹性变形.在纳米压痕过程中,位错与不同位向石墨烯之间的相互作用差异导致塑性区的变化趋势不同.研究结果表明,在石墨烯/铝基复合材料中,位向不同的石墨烯对位错阻碍强度和方式不同,且石墨烯位向为45°的复合材料的硬度高于其他模型.此外,石墨烯/铝基复合材料的位错线总长度的演化规律与石墨烯位向紧密相关.本文研究可为设计和制备高性能石墨烯/金属基复合材料提供一定的理论指导.     

Graphene resistive random memory — the promising memory device in next generation

Graphene-based resistive random access memory(GRRAM) has grasped researchers' attention due to its merits compared with ordinary RRAM. In this paper, we briefly review different types of GRRAMs. These GRRAMs can be divided into two categories: graphene RRAM and graphene oxide(GO)/reduced graphene oxide(r GO) RRAM. Using graphene as the electrode, GRRAM can own many good characteristics, such as low power consumption, higher density, transparency,SET voltage modulation, high uniformity, and so on. Graphene flakes sandwiched between two dielectric layers can lower the SET voltage and achieve multilevel switching. Moreover, the GRRAM with r GO and GO as the dielectric or electrode can be simply fabricated. Flexible and high performance RRAM and GO film can be modified by adding other materials layer or making a composite with polymer, nanoparticle, and 2D materials to further improve the performance. Above all,GRRAM shows huge potential to become the next generation memory.     

纳米结构表面形貌成型机理及其对石墨烯拉曼光谱的影响

通过真空热蒸镀和高温退火法制备的金属纳米复结构SERS基底因其具有良好的灵敏度,稳定性和均匀性而广泛应用于各种检测领域。石墨烯具有优良的光学特性,化学惰性以及荧光猝灭效应,自被发现以后一直是光学微纳器件中的一大热门材料。石墨烯还可以有效分离探针分子与基底,优化拉曼光谱质量,因此广泛应用于SERS研究领域。同时石墨烯可以有效隔绝金属纳米结构与空气的直接接触防止金属纳米结构被氧化而失效,也可以催化氧化银的脱氧反应提升SERS基底的稳定性。在石墨烯/金属纳米复合结构SERS基底在制备过程中,受到金属膜的种类、厚度参数、气体种类、退火时间、温度和气压等因素的影响,制备的金属纳米结构形貌存在很大差异。石墨烯的拉曼光谱会因为应力和掺杂导致其拉曼特征峰出现不同程度的增强,移动以及展宽。（1）采用真空热蒸镀法和高温退火法制备石墨烯/银纳米复合结构SERS基底,建立了金属纳米颗粒成型机理的模型,从孔洞形成、孔洞生长、金属纳米岛形成三个阶段分析了金属纳米粒子的成型过程,实验沉积5,10,15以及20 nm的银薄膜,退火后银纳米结构的覆盖率分别为~35.1%,~24.4%,~30%以及~96.0%,在沉积银薄膜样品上使用湿法转移石墨烯,退火处理后发现石墨烯阻止了银纳米岛的形成过程;（2）理论分析了银薄膜厚度、石墨烯覆盖对复合结构的几何形貌、拉曼增强特性的影响,石墨烯由于其具有较高的杨氏模量和表面张力,可以有效抑制退火过程中银薄膜向纳米粒子转变的过程,从而实现对复合结构表面形貌的调控;（3）实验研究了银纳米粒结构形貌对石墨烯拉曼光谱的影响,并理论分析了蒸镀不同银薄膜厚度的样品对石墨烯的拉曼光谱增强,移动以及展宽影响的具体原因。     

Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites films with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets

Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (CRGO), as a graphene derivatives, possess unique properties and a high aspect ratio, indicating great potential in nanocomposite fields. The present work reports the fabrication of the nanocomposite films by a simple and environmentally friendly process using aqueous solution and optimized time sonication for better exfoliation of the graphene sheets within Poly(Vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as matrix. The films were characterized using high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Microtensile testing, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TEM images revealed a successfully exfoliation of the GO/CRGO nanosheets. XRD combined with TGA and DSC measurements showed an improvement in the thermal stability and tunable thermal properties. In addition, the Young's modulus and tensile yield strength of the composite films containing 1 wt% GO were obtained to be 4.92 GPa and 66 MPa respectively. These excellent reinforcement effects were achieved by the strong interaction between the components.