共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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在“星光Ⅱ”装置上,采用新型双盘靶研究X射线谱在次级得到改造的特性,并测量出初、次级等离子体碰撞的速度.这种双盘靶一定程度上避免了初级等离子体喷射的影响,可以提高烧蚀次级X射线的干净性.采用两台软X射线谱仪分别对初级和次级辐射的X射线进行测量,采用X射线条纹相机测量双盘靶等离子体喷射的时空扫描图象,并对实验结果进行简单的物理分析
关键词:
双盘靶
X射线再辐射
等离子体碰撞 相似文献
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高温等离子体中原子的特征谱线密集在真空紫外区.所以掠入式光栅光谱仪成为一种重要的诊断工具,一直到软X射线区才逐渐为晶体光谱仪取代、晶体谱仪实质上就是利用晶体中的原子点阵来代替光栅进行光谱分析.在聚变等离子体中随着电子温度的提高,等离子体的轫致辐射和高电离态杂质的线辐射将有相当大的部分是处在软X射线区.这些X射线辐射引起的能量损失是高温等离子体能量损失的重要组成部分,因此从能量损失的观点来看,对X射线的监测是相当重要的.另一方面,X射线的探测和能谱分析可以用来确定等离子体的某些重要物理参数.例如,通过X射线连续谱的测量,可以测定等离子体电子温度;通过X射线杂质谱线多普勒展宽的测量可以测定等离子体离子温度;X射线测量还可以用来诊断等离子体中的杂质成份并用来研究杂质的空间分布及输运过程.因此,X射线的测量在高温等离子体诊断中起着非常重要的作用. 相似文献
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利用碰撞辐射平衡和离化平衡下的等离子体X-射线发射谱理论,对铁元素L壳层等离子体,在中高能区电子温度范围内,以碰撞激发、离化、辐射复合和双电子复合等动力学过程为主的Fe24 、Fe23 和Fe22 三离子体系X射线谱进行了理论模拟,得到其X射线光谱图,反映出X射线谱辐射波长、辐射强度同电子温度、密度之间的关系,得到了等离子体诊断所关心的电子温度、密度参量的定性关系. 相似文献
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利用一维辐射流体力学程序MULTI数值模拟研究了功率为1014Wcm2、脉冲宽度为300ps、波长为0.44μm的强激光辐照平面Au靶时产生X射线的过程,给出了X射线转换效率和能谱分布.通过将靶物质划分为对所产生的X射线光学薄的转化区和光学厚的再发射区,得到了作为黑体辐射热源的最佳靶厚度,并给出了辐射加热靶所产生的等离子体的密度和温度的空间分布.
关键词:
辐射流体力学
激光等离子体
X射线转换
辐射热波 相似文献
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高能质子入射到金属接收体表面诱发的二次电子直接影响束流强度的测量精度,如何消除二次电子影响是实现束流高精度测量的关键.根据高能带电粒子在金属表面诱发二次电子发射理论,对高能质子束流强度测量的二次电子补偿原理进行了研究,设计了二次电子补偿结构.采用三块金属极板构成的实验装置在高能质子源上开展实验研究,实验测得在中间极板上输出的电流与入射质子束流强度的比值小于0.7%,中间极板上二次电子得到补偿,验证了二次电子补偿原理的正确性.研究表明,采用设计的二次电子补偿结构对高能质子束流强度进行测量时二次电子贡献小于1%. 相似文献
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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense emission of soft γ-rays, which have fascinated astronomers and astrophysicists since their unexpected discovery in 1960s. The X-ray/optical/radio afterglow observations confirm the cosmological origin of GRBs, support the fireball model, and imply a long-activity of the central engine. The high-energy γ-ray emission (> 20 MeV) from GRBs is particularly important because they shed some lights on the radiation mechanisms and can help us to constrain the physical processes giving rise to the early afterglows. In this work, we review observational and theoretical studies of the high-energy emission from GRBs. Special attention is given to the expected high-energy emission signatures accompanying the canonical early-time X-ray afterglow that was observed by the Swift X-ray Telescope. We also discuss the detection prospect of the upcoming GLAST satellite and the current ground-based Cerenkov detectors. 相似文献
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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense emission of soft γ-rays, which have fascinated astronomers and astrophysicists since their unexpected discovery in 1960s. The X-ray/optical/radio afterglow observations confirm the cosmological origin of GRBs, support the fireball model, and imply a long-activity of the central engine. The high-energy γ-ray emission (> 20 MeV) from GRBs is particularly important because they shed some lights on the radiation mechanisms and can help us to constrain the physical processes giving rise to the early afterglows. In this work, we review observational and theoretical studies of the high-energy emission from GRBs. Special attention is given to the expected high-energy emission signatures accompanying the canonical early-time X-ray afterglow that was observed by the Swift X-ray Telescope. We also discuss the detection prospect of the upcoming GLAST satellite and the current ground-based Cerenkov detectors. 相似文献
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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense emission of soft γ-rays, which have fascinated astronomers and astrophysicists
since their unexpected discovery in 1960s. The X-ray/optical/radio afterglow observations confirm the cosmological origin
of GRBs, support the fireball model, and imply a long-activity of the central engine. The high-energy γ-ray emission (> 20
MeV) from GRBs is particularly important because they shed some lights on the radiation mechanisms and can help us to constrain
the physical processes giving rise to the early afterglows. In this work, we review observational and theoretical studies
of the high-energy emission from GRBs. Special attention is given to the expected high-energy emission signatures accompanying
the canonical early-time X-ray afterglow that was observed by the Swift X-ray Telescope. We also discuss the detection prospect
of the upcoming GLAST satellite and the current ground-based Cerenkov detectors.
相似文献
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We elaborate a modern approach to the temperature diagnostics of a Z-pinch plasma. The approach is based on quantum-mechanical calculations of spectral brightness for X-ray radiation performed in a large interval of the photon energy for several temperatures and densities. In a large interval of the photon energy, a range can be found where the spectral brightness is highly sensitive to the temperature variation. This fact enables temperature diagnostics without complicated analysis of the spectral-line shape used in traditional diagnostic methods. In our calculations of the spectral brightness of X-ray radiation, we use a theoretical model known as the ion model of a plasma. We discuss important features of this model along with the other theoretical models used for calculating the radiative properties of the plasma. We calculate the spectral brightness of X-ray radiation for molybdenum plasma at temperatures of 1 and 1.2 keV and plasma densities of 1 and 2 g/cm3 and find the range of X-ray radiation energies that can be used for the temperature diagnostics. 相似文献
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Davis J. Clark R.W. Giuliani J.L. Jr. Thornhill J.W. Deeney C. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1998,26(4):1192-1201
In this paper, we study the dynamics of a massive aluminum Z-pinch plasma load and evaluate its performance as a soft X-ray radiator. A radiation hydrodynamic model self-consistently driven by a circuit describes the dynamics. Comparisons are made for the K- and L-shell soft X-ray emission as a function of the ionization dynamic model. The ionization dynamic models are represented by: 1) a time-dependent nonequilibrium (NEQ) model, 2) a collisional radiative equilibrium (CRE) model, and 3) a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model. For all three scenarios the radiation is treated 1) in the free streaming optically thin approximation where the plasma is treated as a volume emitter and 2) in the optically thick regime where the opacity for the lines and continuum is self-consistently calculated online and the radiation is transported through the plasma. Each simulation is carried out independently to determine the sensitivity of the implosion dynamics to the ionization and radiation model, i.e., how the ionization dynamic model affects the radiative yield and emission spectra. Results are presented for the L- and K-shell radiation yields and emission spectra as a function of photon energy from 10 eV to 10 keV. Also, departure coefficients from LTE are presented for selected levels and ionization stages 相似文献
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G. Ghisellini 《Il Nuovo Cimento C》1992,15(5):839-849
Summary The high-energy continuum of active galactic nuclei can be interpreted by nonthermal models in which electron-positron pairs
play a crucial role. The produced primary γ-rays interact with softer photons in the inner, high photon density regions of
the source. The created pairs are relativistic, and contribute to the emission, especially in the X-ray band. When the photon
density is large enough, therefore for large values of the luminosity-to size ratio, the spectrum produced by the reprocessing
due to pairs is predicted to have a characteristic spectral index of one. This power law continuum partly impinges on cold
matter, possibly in an accretion disk. The resulting Compton reflected radiation contributes to the X-ray emission, and the
predicted overall spectrum is in agreement with the observed shape of the high-energy continuum. The proposed model is easily
testable: observations in the hard—X-ray band above (30÷50) keV are crucial to discriminate these nonthermal models against
thermal ones.
Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990. 相似文献
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长期以来,惯性约束聚变(ICF)研究软X射线诊断科学仪器设备的元器件标定工作主要依赖同步辐射光源X射线辐射计量站进行。该类装置通常与用于开展ICF研究的大型激光装置分处两地,难以满足ICF研究软X射线元器件实时实地的标定应用需求。另外,由于同步辐射和ICF激光等离子体产生的X射线辐射特性存在较大差异,同步辐射计量站的标定结果事实上也不能完全反映元器件在ICF实验应用中的计量响应特性。本文首先介绍一种基于单光学元件的软X射线紧凑型无谐波光源单色化技术,以此为基础提出研制基于ICF激光等离子体X射线源的同源、同几何位形、双束比较校准的多能量通道光源单色化系统,用于ICF应用软X射线元器件的在线标定。新系统一方面可望满足ICF软X射线元器件实时实地的标定应用需求;另一方面,其提供的标定光束的技术特征将最大可能地接近ICF激光等离子体X射线辐射本身。配备相应的X射线二极管(XRD)和标准探测器之后,该系统将形成一套具有在线自校准功能的新型多通道δ能量响应软X射线能谱仪。 相似文献
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Adele Carradó 《Applied Surface Science》2010,256(21):6340-6344
With the development of modern synchrotron sources, high-energy X-ray diffraction plays an important role in the residual stresses analysis of materials. This paper deals with the development of a new high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HESXRD) stress evaluation method for improving the near-surface strain measurement. For this purpose a new Monte Carlo simulation program has been developed to modelize any synchrotron radiation instrument. Futhermore conventional X-ray diffraction measurements have also been carried out after chemical etching, to define the surface and in-depth stresses of the sample, thus giving a reference to test the synchrotron radiation measurements. It has been shown that the reliability of this method is better than 5 μm. This method has been applied to a machined palladium alloy (Pd-Ag-Sn) plate substrate. 相似文献