鞘场加速机理中质子束的特性与其初始尺寸的关系

为了研究激光鞘场中质子层的尺寸对质子束特性的影响,本文应用中国工程物理研究院 激光聚变研究中心的二维Particle-In-Cell (2D-PIC)数值模拟程序Flips2D进行了相关数值模拟研究. 研究了质子束总能量随时间的变化,得出了加速持续过程与激光脉冲持续时间的关系; 研究了质子层的宽度对加速后质子束发散角和能谱的影响;研究了质子层的厚与加速后质子束 发散角和能谱的关系;得出了质子层的初始尺寸对加速后质子特性的影响规律.     

空泡机制产生betatron X射线辐射的数值模拟

针对SILEX钛宝石激光器参数,采用PIC数值模拟程序VORPAL对激光尾波场加速进行了模拟,得到了电子轨迹及能量数据,进而通过理论计算得到了空泡机制下X射线辐射特性。结果表明,空泡机制下高能电子在空泡中做betatron振荡且多数电子被加速到170 MeV左右;加速能量较低的电子（约100 MeV）, 其辐射谱为临界能量约3 keV的类同步辐射谱,发散角约为8 mrad,而能量较高的电子（约170 MeV）对应的光子临界能量约为10 keV。     

强激光锥型靶真空电子加速数值模拟研究

真空激光加速机制具有加速场梯度大、加速电子电量高的优点,目前制约真空加速机制研究发展的主要问题是如何产生具有一定初速度的电子并将其注入加速场。提出了一种利用强激光与锥型靶相互作用产生高能电子并实现真空加速的新方法,利用二维PIC(Particle-in-cell)粒子模拟程序对这一方法进行了研究。模拟结果显示,对于光强为1021 W/cm2量级的高斯激光脉冲,产生了能量为GeV量级、发散角约为1°的强流快电子束。此外还通过理论解析和参数模拟研究了靶半径对这种超热电子加速机制的影响。     

Single order soft X-ray diffraction with quasi-random radius pinhole array spectroscopic photon sieves

A novel single order diffraction grating in the soft X-ray region, called quasi-random radius pinhole array spectro- scopic photon sieves （QRSPS）, is proposed in this paper. This new grating is composed of pinholes on a substrate, whose radii are quasi-random, while their centers are regular. Analysis proves that its transmittance function across the grating bar is similar to that of sinusoidal transmission gratings. Simulation results show that the QRSPS can suppress higher-order diffraction effectively. And the QRSPS would still retain its characteristic of single order diffraction when we take the effect of X-ray penetration into account. These properties indicate that the QRSPS can be used in the soft X-ray spectra measurement.     

A novel single-order diffraction grating: Random position rectangle grating

Spectral diagnosis of radiation from laser plasma interaction and monochromation of radiation source are hot and important topics recently. Grating is one of the primary optical elements to do this job. Although easy to fabricate, traditional diffraction grating suffers from multi-order diffraction contamination. On the other hand, sinusoidal amplitude grating has the nonharmonic diffraction property, but it is too difficult to fabricate, especially for x-ray application. A novel nonharmonic diffraction grating named random position rectangle grating(RPRG) is proposed in this paper. Theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the RPRG is both higher order diffraction suppressing and not difficult to fabricate. Additionally, it is highly efficient; its first order absolute theoretical diffraction efficiency reaches 4.1%. Our result shows that RPRG is a novel tool for radiation diagnosis and monochromation.     

D3He爆推靶质子源优化模拟研究

为了在百kJ高功率激光装置上建立D3He质子照相平台,采用一维辐射流体程序Helios-CR对D3He爆推靶质子产生进行了模拟,综合考虑多种因素给出在百千焦高功率激光装置上开展质子照相所需要的激光和靶球建议参数。结合激光装置现有条件,分析了在1015 W/cm2左右激光强度下D3He质子产额随靶球半径、激光强度、充气压力和SiO₂球壳厚度等参数的变化规律,给出了靶球半径300 μm,内充D3He气体压强1.8 MPa,SiO₂球壳厚度3.5 μm左右等优化参数,预计此条件下D3He质子产额可达109～1010。通过模拟得到的质子产额变化规律,为质子照相平台的正式建立和实验参数选取提供了参考。     

Higher order harmonics suppression in extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray

The extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray sources are widely used in various domains. Suppressing higher order harmonics and improving spectral purity are significant. This paper describes a novel method of higher order harmonics suppression with single order diffraction gratings in extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray. The principle of harmonic suppression with single order diffraction grating is described, and an extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray non-harmonics grating monochromator is designed based on the single order diffraction grating. The performance is simulated by an optical design software. The emergent beams of a monochromator with different gratings are measured by a transmission grating spectrometer. The results show that the single order diffraction grating can suppress higher order harmonics effectively, and it is expected to be widely used in synchrotron radiation, diagnostics of laser induced plasma, and astrophysics.     

梯形透过率光栅远场光强分布及光栅方程的解析推导

二值化梯形透过率光栅是一种具有离轴衍射级次的二维光栅,其各衍射点光强信息和位置信息的确定对该新型光栅的实际应用具有重要意义。然而,目前尚无相关解析理论对其进行合理的描述。为了解决上述问题,通过二维傅里叶变换方法获得了该光栅各个衍射级次光强分布的解析表达式,并根据二维光栅的结构特征给出了在透射式和反射式情况下该光栅满足的光栅方程。这为该新型光栅的光线追迹计算打下了理论基础。最后,将解析表达式计算结果与采用X-Lab软件标量衍射模块计算的数值模拟结果进行比较,验证解析理论的正确性。     

惯性约束聚变软X射线在线标定系统概念设计

长期以来，惯性约束聚变（ICF）研究软X射线诊断科学仪器设备的元器件标定工作主要依赖同步辐射光源X射线辐射计量站进行。该类装置通常与用于开展ICF研究的大型激光装置分处两地，难以满足ICF研究软X射线元器件实时实地的标定应用需求。另外，由于同步辐射和ICF激光等离子体产生的X射线辐射特性存在较大差异，同步辐射计量站的标定结果事实上也不能完全反映元器件在ICF实验应用中的计量响应特性。本文首先介绍一种基于单光学元件的软X射线紧凑型无谐波光源单色化技术，以此为基础提出研制基于ICF激光等离子体X射线源的同源、同几何位形、双束比较校准的多能量通道光源单色化系统，用于ICF应用软X射线元器件的在线标定。新系统一方面可望满足ICF软X射线元器件实时实地的标定应用需求；另一方面，其提供的标定光束的技术特征将最大可能地接近ICF激光等离子体X射线辐射本身。配备相应的X射线二极管（XRD）和标准探测器之后，该系统将形成一套具有在线自校准功能的新型多通道δ能量响应软X射线能谱仪。     

一种新型透射式自聚焦光栅的设计及理论研究

结合普通透射光栅的分光特性和菲涅耳波带片的聚焦特性,提出一种应用于软X射线波段的新型透射式自聚焦光栅。根据菲涅耳衍射理论,对其衍射特性进行理论推导,证明该新型光栅存在一个与光栅平面垂直的焦平面,不同波长的光波聚焦于该焦平面的不同位置。在焦平面上,焦点位置随光子能量的变化是线性的,即能实现光子能量的线性测量。通过解析推导,得到在沿着焦平面和垂直于焦平面两个方向上光斑的展宽模式,发现该新型光栅在沿着焦平面的光斑展宽模式不同于普通光栅。根据基尔霍夫衍射公式,设置实用化参数,对其衍射模式进行了详细的数值模拟研究,并讨论了相应的测谱范围和谱分辨率。