Complex geometrical optics of Kerr type nonlinear media

The paper generalizes paraxial complex geometrical optics (PCGO) for Gaussian beam (GB) propagation in nonlinear media of Kerr type. Ordinary differential equations for the beam amplitude and for complex curvature of the wave front are derived, which describe the evolution of axially symmetric GB in a Kerr type nonlinear medium. It is shown that PCGO readily provides the solutions of NLS equation obtained earlier from diffraction theory on the basis of the aberration-free approach. Besides reproducing classical results of self-focusing PCGO readily describes an influence of the initial curvature of the wave front on the beam evolution in a medium of Kerr type including a nonlinear graded-index fiber. The range of applicability of the PCGO theory is discussed as well which is helpful for avoiding nonphysical solutions.     

高斯光束在克尔型非线性介质中演化的奇异特性

由光束在克尔型吸收介质中传输的非线性薛定谔方程出发,推导了高斯光束注入介质后满足的耦合方程。在不考虑高阶展开项的前提下,将介质分为无吸收、有吸收两种情况,对脉冲的腰斑半径的演化进行了解析分析,得到注入克尔型非线性介质中的高斯光束,形成“孤波”必须满足光束在束腰处注入,介质没有吸收的条件;当考虑高阶展开项时,通过数值分析发现,无论介质是否存在吸收,光束传输不存在“孤波”形式,而是在注入强度的控制之下。当注入强度较小时,自聚焦过程是它的一个主要结果。但当注入脉冲的强度增加后,除了腰斑半径不为零的区间增加,光束仍保持聚焦的正常现象之外,存在一个阈值。当注入强度超过此阈值时,腰斑半径随着距离的增加而快速增加,聚焦趋势根本就不存在。     

高斯光束在对数型非线性介质中自诱导效应

从标量Helmholtz方程出发,推导了对数饱和非线性介质中光场满足的非线性Schr dinger方程(NLSE)。通过与梯度折射率下的光场满足的方程比较,发现高斯光束在对数型饱和非线性介质中可自诱导梯度折射率。利用数值计算,详细地讨论了自诱导梯度折射率对高斯光束传输特性的影响。发现高斯光束在其自诱导的梯度折射率的影响下,呈振荡形式的准稳定的传输。光束注入介质中的初始状态,直接影响着光束的振荡形式(先发散还是先聚焦)、振荡深度(幅度)、振荡周期。得到高斯光束形成孤子的条件,以及若使高斯光束在对数饱和非线性介质中保持小损耗、高稳定的传输,应该使光束在阈值(孤子条件)附近注入介质的结论。     

具有像散的克尔透镜锁模腔的研究

从非线性薛定谔方程出发,经严格计算求得了在具有像散情况下,偏振垂直于传播方向的光束在克尔介质中传输的一般特性,所用的计算方法可应用于高斯光束及克尔透镜锁模腔的研究,并能对高功率情形进行计算。研究表明,在有其他锁模启动机制下,不一定要用［ｄω／ｄｐ］ｐ＝０＜０作为克尔透镜锁模的必要条件。对于光脉冲的压缩来说,椭圆形光阑将优于圆形光阑。     

轴对称光束的克尔透镜矩阵及其在克尔透镜锁模中的应用

在非线性薛定谔方程的基础上较严格简明地推导了克尔介质的轴对称光束及高斯光束的ＡＢＣＤ传播矩阵，该矩阵可用于设计克尔透镜锁模，以腔二端为平面镜的任意光学系统为例，获得了简单的普遍公式。     

高斯光束在克尔型非线性介质中的演化特性

由光束在克尔型吸收介质中传输的非线性薛定谔方程,推导了高斯光束注入介质后满足的耦合方程,并分别在不考虑吸收和高阶展开项的情况下,对脉冲的腰斑半径的演化进行了理论分析。发现当注入脉冲满足一定的条件时,脉冲可以以“孤波”的形式传播。当考虑吸收和高阶展开项时,脉冲不存在“孤波”形式,且存在一个阈值,低于阈值的输入,脉冲发生自聚焦;对高于阈值的输入,腰斑半径随着距离的增加而增加,聚焦趋势根本就不存在。     

Mighty morphing spatial solitons and bullets

We give what we believe to be the first closed-form exact expression for the dynamic evolution of nonstationary beams of arbitrary intensity and width propagating in a uniform nonlinear medium and in both two and three dimensions. This shows that periodic and quasi-periodic (nonradiating) beams can exist in a non-Kerr nonlinear medium. The Schr?dinger equation is solved for Gaussian beams in a saturable medium. For one critical (initial) beam width, the Gaussian is a stable stationary soliton or bullet, independent of its intensity; otherwise, it breathes. New quasi-periodic beams (mighty morphing solitons) and bullets (mighty morphs) of elliptical cross section also exist whose ellipticity changes with propagation.     

Propagation dynamic of a Gaussian in the inverted nonlinear photonic crystals

In this work, we study the evolution of a Gaussian beam inside a one-dimensional inverted nonlinear photonic crystals (INPC) with a Kerr nonlinearity. The INPC is a kind of virtual crystals which is generated by the optical induction via the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The propagation dynamics of the Gaussian with different total power are identified. Four types of propagation behavior are found. They are collapse beam, breather beam, soliton and symmetry-breaking beam, respectively. The border between these four behavior types are given. For symmetry-breaking beam, an asymmetric profile of the beam is evolving from the symmetry Gaussian, which can be termed as a kind of dynamical symmetry breaking (DSB). The influences on the appearance of the symmetry breaking point are studied by varying input parameters of the Gaussian. The results of this work are both suitable in nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).     

Nonlinear evolution equations for surface plasmons for nano-focusing at a Kerr/metallic interface and tapered waveguide

Maxwell's equations for a metallic and nonlinear Kerr interface waveguide at the nanoscale can be approximated to a (1+1) D Nonlinear Schrodinger type model equation (NLSE) with appropriate assumptions and approximations. Theoretically, without losses or perturbations spatial plasmon solitons profiles are easily produced. However, with losses, the amplitude or beam profile is no longer stationary and adiabatic parameters have to be considered to understand propagation. For this model, adiabatic parameters are calculated considering losses resulting in linear differential coupled integral equations with constant definite integral coefficients not dependent on the transverse and longitudinal coordinates. Furthermore, by considering another configuration, a waveguide that is an M–NL–M (metal–nonlinear Kerr–metal) that tapers, the tapering can balance the loss experienced at a non-tapered metal/nonlinear Kerr interface causing attenuation of the beam profile, so these spatial plasmon solitons can be produced. In this paper taking into consideration the (1+1)D NLSE model for a tapered waveguide, we derive a one soliton solution based on He's Semi-Inverse Variational Principle (HPV).     

Analysis of the dynamics of high intensity Gaussian laser beams in nonlinear de-focusing Kerr media

An approximate analytical approach is presented for analyzing the evolution of the radial intensity profile of initially Gaussian laser beams propagating in nonlinear de-focusing Kerr media. Explicit and accurate solutions are obtained describing the first stage of the evolution of high intensity beams in which the beam profile evolves into an almost flat-topped distribution, subsequently leading to the well known phenomena of wave breaking and concomitant intensity ring formation.     

Gerdjikov-Ivanov方程的精确解

研究在量子场理论、弱非线性色散水波、非线性光学等领域中出现的Gerdjikov-Ivanov方程.对Gerdjikov-Ivanov方程的研究会导出具有高次非线性项的非线性数学物理方程.选取Liénard方程作为辅助常微分方程,借助于它并根据齐次平衡原则,求解了Gerdjikov-Ivanov方程,得到了该方程的包络孤立波解和包络正弦波解. 关键词： 齐次平衡原则 F展开法 Gerdjikov-Ivanov方程 包络孤立波解     

强非局域非线性介质中的非相干孤子研究

本文从一维强非局域非线性模型出发,推导出非相干光满足的非线性薛定谔方程.按照相干密度描述方法,写出非相干光的描述方式,求出了非相干光孤子的形成条件和孤子形式,还得到了相干光和非相干光在强非局域非线性介质中形成孤子的临界功率,结果说明非相干光形成孤子时,需要更高的能量.当非相干光孤子的条件不满足时,非相干光束以呈现振荡行为.空间振荡周期仅与介质、入射的非相干光的光功率有关,而与光源的非相干角功率谱宽度及具体组分无关.同时,我们还数值模拟了这种非相干光束的振荡行为和单一组分、一对组分的非相干强度演化过程.     

New optical soliton solutions for nonlinear complex fractional Schrödinger equation via new auxiliary equation method and novel $$({G'}/{G})$$-expansion method

In this research, we apply two different techniques on nonlinear complex fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation which is a very important model in fractional quantum mechanics. Nonlinear Schrödinger equation is one of the basic models in fibre optics and many other branches of science. We use the conformable fractional derivative to transfer the nonlinear real integer-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation to nonlinear complex fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We apply new auxiliary equation method and novel \(\left( {G'}/{G}\right) \)-expansion method on nonlinear complex fractional Schrödinger equation to obtain new optical forms of solitary travelling wave solutions. We find many new optical solitary travelling wave solutions for this model. These solutions are obtained precisely and efficiency of the method can be demonstrated.     

Variable-Coefficient Mapping Method Based on Elliptical Equation and Exact Solutions to Nonlinear SchrSdinger Equations with Variable Coefficient

In this paper, by means of the variable-coefficient mapping method based on elliptical equation, we obtain explicit solutions of nonlinear Schrodinger equation with variable-coefficient. These solutions include Jacobian elliptic function solutions, solitary wave solutions, soliton-like solutions, and trigonometric function solutions, among which some are found for the first time. Six figures are given to illustrate some features of these solutions. The method can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.     

Steady state self-focusing, self-modulation of laser beam in an inhomogeneous plasma

Laboratory as well as PIC simulation experiments reveal strong flow of energetic electrons co-moving with laser beam in laser plasma interaction. Equation governing the evolution of complex envelope in slowly varying envelope approximation is nonlinear parabolic equation. Variational approach is used to solve this problem and a Lagrangian for the problem is set up. Assuming a trial Gaussian profile, authors solve the reduced Lagrangian problem for beam width and curvature. Two scale lengths for inhomogenity along the direction of propagation, one for nonlinearity and other for diffraction management are introduced. Self-focusing, self-modulation as well as self-trapping of the laser-electron-beam plasma system is studied under variety of parameters.     

Airy光束在Kerr介质中的传输特性

通过对非线性薛定谔方程的研究,得出Airy光束在Kerr介质中的崩塌功率及有效束宽演化的解析表达式。经过数值计算发现,Airy光束在聚焦的Kerr介质中,其主瓣在开始传播时始终是会聚的;当输入功率小于临界崩塌功率时,Airy光束主瓣的中心部分出现局部崩塌。在不同的Kerr介质中, Airy光束的形状和传输轨道均能保持不变,如同在自由空间中传播,但光场大小的分布,随着不同的Kerr介质会发生改变:在Kerr的聚焦介质中,光场向中心聚焦;而在散焦的Kerr介质中,光场会发散。     

克尔效应对高斯光束质量M2因子的影响及抑制

用分步傅里叶方法计算了高斯光束在克尔介质中的传输过程，采用最小均方根办法对光场进行二项式曲线拟合得到光束质量因子，计算结果表明：当B积分在2rad以内，克尔效应越强则它对因子影响越大；同时，它的这种影响能力也受到光束宽度和光束腰平面到克尔介质的距离的两个因素的影响，即光束越宽，影响越小，距离越大，影响反而较小；最后，基于B积分的可叠加性，提出用具有负非线性折射率系数的非线性介质来补偿正克尔效应、降低光束因子，并指出两端补偿是最优的方式之一.