双池算法软件在对准偏差计算中的应用

提出了一种高精度的对准偏差算法－双池算法。根据这种算法，将暗场对准系统中扫描采集的光电对准信号，通过求出整个扫描曲线的对称点以代替传统的极值点或阈值点，使重复对准精度达０．１１μｍ（３σ）。文中对双池算法的原理、特点及数学表达式进行了详细的论述，并给出了实验结果。     

四象限探测器用作激光准直的特性分析

以四象限光电探测器用作激光准直为例,对其探测原理、光电转换特性、影响探测精度的因素进行了理论分析。用数值模拟、实验验证了分析结果,并对影响探测精度的因素进行了深入的探讨,从而为四象限探测器用作激光准直提供了有力的理论依据。     

Software alignment of the BESⅢ main drift chamber using the Kalman Filter method

Software alignment is quite important for a tracking detector to reach its ultimate position accuracy and momentum resolution. We developed a new alignment algorithm for the BESⅢ Main Drift Chamber using the Kalman Filter method. Two different types of data which are helix tracks and straight tracks are used to test this algorithm, and the results show that the design and implementation is successful.     

Study of BESⅢ MUC offline software with cosmic-ray data

Cosmic-ray data of 90 M events have been collected and used for calibration, alignment as well as detector tuning. A special tracking algorithm for the BESⅢ muon counter is developed and verified with Monte-Carlo simulation and then further confirmed with the cosmic-ray data. The obtained strip resolutions are in good agreement with the design values. A new alignment approach for the BESⅢ muon counter is confirmed with the cosmic-ray data and proposed to be used in future analysis of experimental data.     

基于粗对准与精对准信号分开探测的对准系统

提出了一种用于光刻装置的对准系统。该对准系统所用的标记包含多个相位子光栅。其中,标记±1级衍射光的光强信息用于产生粗对准信号。在粗对准信号上,通过峰值检测和信号拟合获得最大峰值点,该峰值点即为粗对准位置。同时,在另一光路中,精细子光栅的±1级衍射光的光强信息用于产生精对准信号。利用余弦或正弦曲线对该精对准信号进行拟合,得到一系列的波峰点。距离粗对准位置最近的波峰点即为精对准位置。当精细子光栅的周期足够小时,该对准系统可获得5nm级的重复精度。     

A simple technique for the alignment of a ring resonator

A simple technique for the alignment of a ring resonator is presented. The positional and the directional alignments are obtained by the movements of independent mirrors. The effects of alignment inaccuracies on the performance of a ring resonator are discussed.     

双轴准直测量调节系统

根据"神龙一号"和"神龙二号"两台直线感应加速器的直线性偏差不超过±0.2 mm、角度误差不超过±2″和高程误差不超过±0.2 mm的总体精度要求,分析了影响准直安装精度的主要因素和误差限定值;确定了采用激光跟踪仪、全站仪和水准仪相结合,建立包括大六边形网和小四边形网两个层次的高精度控制测量网;再通过专门设计的串并联精密调节机构,依据合理的准直安装工艺达到准直安装的精度要求。经过在"神龙一号"直线加速器准直安装的验证,此方法满足精度要求。     

基于波像差检测的大口径RC光学系统装调分析

通过对520 mm口径RC系统进行面形波像差检测,并将其主、次镜各光学零件实际面形的干涉检测结果输入Code V软件进行了系统成像质量的波像差分析.分析结果与实际系统装调完成后的系统成像质量波像差检测结果对比,具有高度的一致性,说明在计算机辅助装调工艺中应用该仿真工具仿真度高,可以用于实际光学装调的仿真分析、指导光学装调.     

光路自动准直快速调整数学模型研究

推演了用于计算机快速调整的巨型激光器光路自动准直控制数学模型,分析了ICF准直光路的光学特性及光路调整特点,据此求解出了准直控制的输入偏差量和输出控制量之间的数学模型.该模型在某大型激光装置的光路自动准直中得以实际应用,八路主放大级1～2程光路的准直时间＜3 min,3～4程光路的准直时间＜8 min,主放大级输出光束近场准直准确度优于0.3%,远场指向的准确度优于0.3″ RMS（均方根准确度）.     

216折轴分光仪光学系统装调原理及步骤

本文简单介绍了用于中国２．１６米天文望远镜折轴焦点的阶梯光栅分光仪的总体方案，分析了其光学系统的装调要点与步骤，并制订切实可行的装调方案。用最少的辅助工具完成了复杂的光学装调任务。     

卡塞格林系统光学装调技术研究

介绍卡塞格林系统非球面主镜使用三坐标测量仪进行定心装调的方案。系统的主镜口径为300 mm,需要使用结构胶进行胶结固定,选用微应力粘接方法,将胶层粘接应力与热应力变形控制在极小的范围内。利用ZYGO干涉仪获得光学系统的波前信息,将测得的波相差转化为初级像差,根据光学系统失调量与像差的关系对卡塞格林系统进行计算机辅助装调。调试后,系统的RMS值达到0.10,分辨率达到1以内,检测结果表明:该系统的成像质量接近理论衍射分辨率,该方案可以实现快速定心,并且能够满足计算机辅助装调对定心精度的要求。     

Effect of tunneling ionization on dynamic alignment and post-ionization alignment of nitrogen molecules irradiated by different laser intensities

The dynamic alignment and post-ionization alignment of nitrogen molecules are investigated while considering the effect of tunneling ionization. The effects of tunneling ionization on the angular distribution are calculated when the molecules are irradiated by different laser intensities. The results show that laser intensity directly affects the time and extent of dynamic alignment. Furthermore, the extent of post-ionization alignment is not only determined by laser intensity but also affected by the final extent of dynamic alignment. The post-ionization alignment will dominate during the process of molecular (or molecular ion) rotational alignment for femtosecond laser pulse. The time of tunneling ionization is a significant factor to the final ensemble angular distribution of molecular ions when laser intensity is low.     

ATLAS commissioning and early physics of resonance and jet production

As early physics programs with the ATLAS detector,we present J/ψ and Υ production cross section and spin alignment measurements,and the strategy for the jet energy calibration.     

离轴三镜系统计算机辅助装调方法研究

针对离轴三镜系统光学元件各调整变量之间的关系,提出了一种求解失调量的方法。从分析调整变量之间的关系入手,采用求条件数的方法来判断变量之间的相关程度,去除相关的变量,从而确定出系统的待调整量。计算机模拟表明,只需进行一次迭代求解出的系统待调整量即可满足装调精度要求,调整后整个系统波像差的均方根值(RMS)与理想状态之差小于0.02λ。这种方法是用所确定的调整变量的变化补偿其它相关变量的失调,不仅结果准确、收敛速度快,而且需要调整的自由变量少,大大缩短了装调周期。     

折轴三反射光学系统的计算机辅助装调技术研究

 给出计算机辅助装调中失调量与像差关系的数学模型,利用Zemax对折轴三反射光学系统进行失调仿真,得到失调数据,再对数据进行分析和处理,求得次镜和三镜的灵敏度矩阵,还对各种初级像差与各装调参量之间的对应关系及该系统的失调特性进行讨论。根据以上分析结果,最终确定了共轴三反射光学系统的装调方案。为了验证方案的可行性,在Zemax中对共轴三反射光学系统人为地加入不同的失调量后,按照确定的装调方案,利用建立的计算机辅助装调数学模型计算出失调量的大小和方向,再根据计算结果对共轴三反射光学系统进行调整,仿真结果和实际装调结果都证明该方案是可行的。     

Software alignment of the BESⅢ main drift chamber using the Kalman Filter method

Software alignment is quite important for a tracking detector to reach its ultimate position accuracy and momentum resolution. We developed a new alignment algorithm for the BESⅢ Main Drift Chamber using the Kalman Filter method. Two different types of data which are helix tracks and straight tracks are used to test this algorithm, and the results show that the design and implementation is successful.     

A two-dimensional self-aligning system driven by shape memory alloy actuators

The two-dimensional automatic alignment system with an optical aperture is developed. The optical aperture with four integrated photodiode cells for feedback control signal is fabricated by MEMS techniques. The translation stage of the system is driven by four shape-memory-alloy positioning actuators to realize two-dimensional (XY-plane) movement.     

Rapid transfer alignment of laser SINS using quaternion based angular measurement

A novel rapid transfer alignment algorithm for laser strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is studied. Transfer alignment have typically relied on velocity measurements from the master SINS as the source of alignment information, but lever arm error must be compensated accurately while velocity information is utilized, all most every quaternion based error model is nonlinear, so nonlinear filtering algorithms are need, suffering from computational complex and large error. Aim at these problems, a novel improved rapid transfer alignment algorithm formulation is presented, applying quaternion to built the process and measurement models, the improvement employs a special manipulation of the measurement equation results in a linear pseudo-measurement equation, thus the classical linear Kalman filter is employed to estimate the state, need not lever arm error compensation, results in the reduce of computational burden. Observability analysis of this new transfer alignment algorithm has been done based on the piece-wise constant system (PWCS) method, results show that the presented algorithm can accomplish the initial alignment task perfectly. A transfer alignment simulation system is also developed for the evaluation and analysis of the presented algorithm, simulation results are confirmed with the theoretical conclusion, which can achieve the transfer alignment accuracy about 1 mrad within 10 s.     

基于像差校正的望远系统装调方法研究

为了保证望远镜装配完成后的成像质量和其他关键指标,提出基于像差校正的望远镜装调方法。首先利用Zemax建立光学系统模型,模拟光学零件失调状态,分析各零件的每种失调状态对各类像差的影响情况,进而定量计算光学零件对系统像差的敏感矩阵,得出系统失调特性,拟定最佳装调方案。在此理论分析的指导下,进行基于星点检验法的装调实验,装调后仪器各项指标达到要求,分辨率优于技术指标要求7.5,验证了基于像差校正的光学系统装调方案的可行性。     

Considerations for Maintenance of Postural Alignment for Voice Production

There is general agreement that postural alignment is important in optimizing voice function. A number of articles have illuminated the way in which posture, particularly of the cervical spine, is directly related to vocal resonance and pitch control. Despite frequent involvement in muscle training, few speech pathologists have the background in exercise physiology necessary to appreciate the contribution of muscular length-tension relationships to postural alignment. The purpose of this article is to provide voice therapists with information to help them formulate appropriate recommendations for improving postural alignment. This article synthesizes information from the literature regarding the role of muscular length-tension balance in the attainment and maintenance of postural alignment. Important considerations in the assessment of muscle tension and weakness are presented along with advice regarding application to the treatment of voice-disordered patients. Concepts detailed include agonist/antagonist relationships, the biomechanics of stretching, postural assessment, and the relationship between muscle tension and muscle weakness. The role of both stretching and strength-based training is discussed. Specific exercises with emphasis on altering the alignment of the cervical and thoracic spine are presented with suggestions for their use in the clinic. There is growing understanding of the physiology behind recommendations of voice teachers and therapists to maintain optimal alignment. To effectively mediate postural misalignment, clinicians must have knowledge of the length-tension relationships between muscles. This understanding will lead to better interventions for postural alignment.