重离子熔合反应形成超重核的截面研究

在双核系统框架下,通过数值法解主方程计算了双核间的核子跃迁全熔合几率.两碰撞核内部激发能由相对运动能损提供,因此能够将核子转移过程与相对运动耦合起来.对一些以Pb为靶的形成超重核的冷熔合反应,计算了最佳激发能、形成双核系统的俘获截面、复合核形成几率及存活几率等,所得到的形成超重核蒸发剩余截面与已知实验值符合较好. In the concept of Dinuclear system (DNS) the complete fusion probability of two touch nuclei via nucleon transfer is described by numerically solving the Master equation. The excitation energy of two colliding nuclei is supplied by the energy dissipation of their relative motion, thus the nucleon transfer process and the relative motion are coupled. For Pb based cold fusion reactions to form super heavy nuclei, the optimal excitation energy, the capture cross section to form a DNS ...     

Production mechanism of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions

Within the concept of the dinuclear system (DNS), a dynamical model is proposed for describing the formation of superheavy nuclei in complete fusion reactions by incorporating the coupling of the relative motion to the nucleon transfer process. The capture of two heavy colliding nuclei, the formation of the compound nucleus and the de-excitation process are calculated by using an empirical coupled channel model, solving a set of microscopically derived master equations numerically and applying statistical theory, respectively. Fusion-fission reactions and evaporation residue excitation functions of synthesizing superheavy nuclei (SHN) are investigated systematically and compared them with available experimental data. The possible factors that affecting the production cross sections of SHN are discussed in this workshop.     

Production mechanism of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions

Within the concept of the dinuclear system (DNS), a dynamical model is proposed for describing the formation of superheavy nuclei in complete fusion reactions by incorporating the coupling of the relative motion to the nucleon transfer process. The capture of two heavy colliding nuclei, the formation of the compound nucleus and the de-excitation process are calculated by using an empirical coupled channel model, solving a set of microscopically derived master equations numerically and applying statistical theory, respectively. Fusion-fission reactions and evaporation residue excitation functions of synthesizing superheavy nuclei (SHN) are investigated systematically and compared them with available experimental data. The possible factors that affecting the production cross sections of SHN are discussed in this workshop.     

生成超重核的熔合反应中的动力学形变效应

利用包含动力学势能面的双核模型对超重核的生成机制中的一些问题进行了研究。对双核系统的粒子交换势能面进行的计算结果表明,反应过程中原子核动力学形变对于粒子交换势能面的结构有显著的影响。进一步计算了生成超重核的熔合几率,结果显示,原子核的动力学形变导致内熔合位垒升高,进而明显降低了生成超重核的熔合几率。Some aspects in the fusion mechanism for the production of superheavy nuclei are investigated with the dinuclear system model with dynamical potential energy surface. The calculation results about the potential energy surface indicate that the inclusion of nuclear dynamical deformation affects the structure of potential energy surface significantly.The investigation on the fusion probability to synthesize superheavy nuclei indicates that the fusion probability decreases significantly due to the increase of the inner fusion barrier for the inclusion of the nuclear dynamical deformation.     

Development of the Neck in Fusion Reactions ^40Ca＋^90,96Zr

The neck dynamics and nucleon transfer through the neck in fusion reactions ^40Ca ^90,96Zr are studied by applyingthe improved quantum molecular dynamics model. A special attention is paid to the dynamic behaviour of the neck development at touching point and to the contribution of excess neutrons in a neutron-rich target (or projectile) to neck formation and nucleon transfer.     

双核系统核子转移驱动势与复合核的最佳激发能

计算了以208Pb为靶的一系列重离子熔合反应双核系统核子转移驱动势.它制约由输运方程所支配的核子转移速率,因而确定了双核系统形成复合核的几率.并由此可确定形成复合核所必须的最低激发能,即形成最稳定复合核的最佳激发能,得到了与已知实验值基本符合的结果. Particle transfer driven potentials in Di nuclear System (DNS) in heavy ion collisions based on 208Pb target are calculated. The driven potential controls the particle transfer velocity in the process governed by the diffusion equation, and as a consequence determines the compound nuclear formation probability of DNS. The minimum excitation energy to form a compound nucleus, which is the optimum excitation energy to form the most stable compound nucleus, has been calculated, and the results are basica...     

Isospin Effects on Anisotropic Flows in Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions

Anisotropic flows per nucleon （v1/A, v2/A, v3/A and v4/A） of light fragments up to the mass number 4 as a function of transverse momentum per nucleon are studied for 55 Me V/nucleon 58Fe＋58Fe and 58 Ni＋ 58 Ni at large impact parameters by the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. The effects of symmetry energy and nucleon-nucleon cross sections, which are both isospin-dependent on anisotropic flows, are studied in detail. In comparison of the two systems with or without symmetry potential term, the results show that the strength of flows is sensitive to symmetry potential and nucleon-nucleon cross sections, which mainly cause a repulsion effect in this energy region.     

Empirical formula for β~--decay half-lives of r-process nuclei

Experimental data ofβ--decay half-lives of nuclei with atomic number between 20 and 190 are investigated.A systematic formula has been proposed to calculateβ~--decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclei,with a particular consideration on shell and pair effects,the decay energy Q as well as the nucleon numbers(Z,N).Although the formula has relatively few parameters,it reproduces the experimentalβ~--decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclei very well.The predicted half-lives for the r-process relevant nuclei obtained with the current formula serve as reliable input in the r-process model calculations.     

Influence of the Nonlinearity of Loudspeakers on the Performance of Thermoacoustic Refrigerators Driven by Current and Voltage

The influence of the nonlinearity of electrodynamic loudspeakers on the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerators with the loudspeakers as acoustic sources is studied by nonlinear equivalent circuit models of electrodynamic loudspeakers driven by current and voltage. The simulated results demonstrate that there are different nonlinear effects between current-drive and voltage-drive refrigerators, and the differences are mainly induced by the motional electromotive force caused by the coil moving in the magnetic field. With voltage driving, the influence of the nonlinearity of the loudspeaker on the diaphragm displacement and acoustic output power is much smaller than that with current driving. Therefore, considering the nonlinearity of the loudspeakers, a proper driving method must be chosen according to the practical applications although little difference is found with the linear models.     

Enhanced production of neutron-rich rare isotopes in peripheral collisions at Fermi energies

A large enhancement in the production of neutron-rich projectile residues is observed in the reactions of a 25 MeV/nucleon 86Kr beam with the neutron-rich 124Sn and 64Ni targets relative to the predictions of the EPAX parametrization of high-energy fragmentation, as well as relative to the reaction with the less neutron-rich 112Sn target. A hybrid model based on a deep-inelastic transfer (DIT) code followed by a statistical deexcitation code accounts for part of the observed large cross sections. The DIT simulation indicates that the production of neutron-rich nuclides in these reactions is associated with peripheral nucleon exchange in which the neutron skins of the neutron-rich 124Sn and 64Ni target nuclei may play an important role. From a practical viewpoint, such reactions offer a novel synthetic avenue to access extremely neutron-rich rare isotopes towards the neutron-drip line.     

超重核合成时的驱动势与热熔合反应截面

在双核模型框架下,双核系统生成超重复合核的机理是由双核中的弹核的核子全部转移到靶核产生的,而核子转移是由双核系统驱动势确定的.对有的反应道,核子转移与中质比变化路径之间有比较复杂的关系.原则上动力学方程与驱动势都应该是中子和质子的二维显函数.为处理方便,采用与中质比相关的核子转移路径的选择来取驱动势,得到了接近实验值的超重核合成蒸发剩余截面. 关键词： 超重核 熔合反应 驱动势 激发函数     

Theoretical Researches on α-transfer Rates of Ground States in Medium and Heavy Nuclei

The α-transfer rates of ground states in medium and heavy nuclei are obtained analytically in a two-level pairing force model of j-j scheme.It is concluded that,like the pair transfer,there exist blocking effects from the single and nupaired nucleon in α-transfer reactions.This is agreed with the experimental facts.     

Probing the structure of exotic nuclei by transfer reactions

Low energy single nucleon transfer reactions are proposed as a tool to investigate the structure of nuclei far off stability. Experimental concepts and conditions are discussed, in particular high resolution γ-ray spectroscopy after single nucleon pickup reactions. Nuclear structure is described by Skyrme Hartree-Fock calculations including pairing. As representative examples, binding energies, radii and wave functions for Mg and Sn isotopes are calculated. In the neutron deficient Mg isotopes a proton skin is found. At the neutron driplines the Mg and Sn isotopes develop extended neutron skins. The nuclear structure results are used in DWBA and EFR-DWBA transfer calculations. Single nucleon transfer reactions of ^32,36Mg and exotic Sn beams on targets ranging from ²H to ²⁴Mg in inverse kinematics are explored. The one-nucleon transfer cross sections decrease strongly for high-Z targets. An impact parameter analysis shows that the transfer process is selective on the tails of the wave functions. The largest cross sections are obtained for ²H and ⁹Be targets at incident energies of E _lab = 2-5 MeV/u. The energy-momentum dependence is closely related to the special properties of wave functions of weakly bound states. Two-neutron (p,t) stripping reactions are studied for a ⁶He projectile. A strong competition of sequential and direct processes is found at low energies. Received: 1 October 1997 / Revised version: 25 November 1997     

40,48Ca+90,96Zr融合反应的动力学模型研究

应用改进的量子分子动力学模型,在严格挑选初始核考虑弹靶结构效应的基础上,研究了近垒和垒上融合反应^40,48Ca+^90,96Zr. 研究表明: 4个反应的理论计算截面与实验值很好符合; 丰中子反应⁴⁰Ca+⁹⁶Zr的垒下融合截面比其他3个反应有明显增强的现象.为了理解丰中子反应⁴⁰Ca+⁹⁶Zr与⁴⁰Ca+⁹⁰Zr相比垒下融合截面增强,而Ca+⁹⁶Zr垒下融合截面没有明显增强的原因, 进一步分析了484个反应的融合位垒,中子转移与融合位垒的关系、中子转移与Q值的关系,结果表明: 正反应Q值会引起核子(特别是中子)转移的增强,从而导致动力学融合位垒的下降和垒下融合截面增强.     

Contribution of boundness and motion of nucleons to the EMC effect

The kinematical corrections to the structure function of the nucleon in the nucleus due to the boundness and motion of nucleons arise from the excitation of the doorway states for one-nucleon transfer reactions in the deep inelastic scattering on nuclei.     

Nuclear threshold effects and neutron strength functions

The present work is devoted to study of spectroscopic aspects, in terms of neutron strength function, for the threshold effects with non-light nuclei. Relations to the neutron strength functions of the anomal effects observed at threshold of neutron analogue channel, in deuteron stripping reactions on A ≈ 90 mass target nuclei and in nucleon mirror reactions with A ≈ 30 nuclei, are established. It is proved that these threshold effects follow the mass dependance of the neutron strength functions.