温度环境下空间遥感光学系统成像质量的检测

在离轴三反射系统热光学理论分析的基础上,利用热光学实验测试了光学系统在不同热环境下的成像质量。将实测温度代入有限元模型,计算表征镜面变形的Zernike系数。将Zernike系数输入光学设计软件,复算光学系统的理论成像质量,并与测试结果进行对比分析。结果显示,理论复算值与实验实测值相吻合,证明了理论分析的正确性。试验检测表明,系统在Nquist频率下,18℃时的静态传递函数为0．247;14～21℃时的静态传递函数为0．221～0．254,满足系统成像质量要求。     

大口径红外离轴三反光学系统设计及公差分析

在空间光学领域中,光学系统的发展趋势为长焦距、大视场、轻量化、大相对孔径、高成像质量等。为适应该发展趋势,对大口径反射式光学系统进行研究,在共轴三反系统的成像理论基础上,为避免中心遮拦,提高成像质量,采用视场离轴方式,设计了一款大口径离轴三反式光学系统。该光学系统在奈奎斯特空间频率17 lp/mm处,光学传递函数MTF大于0.75,成像质量接近衍射极限。此外,光学系统公差的合理分配是影响相机总体性能的主要因素,运用公差灵敏度分析和反转灵敏度分析,计算各公差对光学系统成像质量的影响,给出了合适的公差分配,经过模拟分析,按照给定的公差加工装调,系统光学传递函数大于0.55。     

二维调制传递函数及其在波前差检测方面的应用

光学系统像质分析在光学系统设计、加工和装调过程中具有重要意义.像质分析常用的方法有调制传递函数法和波前差法.对于高分辨率光学系统,传统的一维调制传递函数由于只提供了一维空间频率信息,因此在像质检测时有一定的局限性.本文基于随机数图像的傅里叶功率谱密度理论,提出了一种利用随机数图像作为目标物来测量成像光学系统二维调制传递函数的方法;通过利用NewtonCotes求积公式,对有像差系统的光学传递函数计算公式做进一步推导,提出了利用实际成像光学系统的二维调制传递函数值直接计算系统波前差的算法.实验结果表明,二维调制传递函数较之一维调制传递函数更能真实地反应成像光学系统的成像性能;利用二维调制传递函数计算得到的波前差与理论波前差在轮廓上有较好的一致性,可以作为实际系统波前差分析的一条新途径.     

航空光电侦察图像质量影响因素分析

从航空光电侦察系统的实际需求,首先图像信息的角度研究图像质量优劣的定性和定量因素,提出一种基于相似特征区域提取的图像清晰度评价方法,使得图像清晰度的主观感受与客观评价相匹配。其次从成像系统的光学评价角度分析影响成像质量的光学传递函数、像差、透过率等因素及其相互关系,然后依据多波段长焦反射式光学系统进行试验结果验证。最后,结合工程实践提升成像质量的要求,指出光学成像系统研制中应重点关注的几个方面,并针对多波段长焦反射式光学系统,给出具体参数建议。     

部分相干光学成像系统的光学传递函数和像质评价准则

根据光学成像理论，建立了部分相干成像光学系统的光学传递函数。该函数与非相干成像光学系统传递函数相同，因而部分相干成像和非相干成像两者的光学系统波面像差公差标准也是相同的。这一点解释了显微镜光学系统的光学设计惯用法则：镜头像差公差标准的选择，并不因为采用成像照明方式的不同而有所差异。     

线性离散成像系统调制传递函数的随机条纹测试法

离散光电成像系统因其不再具有平移不变特性,它的调制传递函数测试具有相当的复杂性和不稳定性。为提高光学系统调制传递函数测试的灵活性和可重复性,在基于统计光学和随机信号相关性理论的基础上,分析了离散型空间随机信号经线性光学系统成像后的物像相关性,提出了应用随机条纹靶来测定调制传递函数的方法。并给出了计算数据结果。该方法从统计意义上考虑了离散采样成像器件的采样场景相位的影响,大大提高了现场测试的灵活性和自动化程度,具有很好的应用前景。此方法同样适用于一般光学成像系统的调制传递函数测量。     

新型航空镜间快门对光学传递函数的影响分析

光学传递函数是评价光学系统成像质量的重要指标。基于为数字航空摄影相机设计的一种新型航空镜间快门的工作特性,镜间快门在控制曝光过程中改变了相机光学系统的光瞳形状,意味着点扩展函数的改变,从而改变了光学系统的传递函数。将光学系统视为一个空间频率的滤波器,以傅里叶积分变换和光的标量衍射理论为基础,将孔径光阑的变化过程与光瞳函数建立关系,应用二次傅里叶变换法得到光学传递函数,分析快门在工作周期内对光学传递函数的影响。通过对计算结果与测量结果的对比分析可知,传递函数的最大绝对误差为0.196,最大相对误差为-0.274,有较好的准确度和重复性,并且缩小镜间快门开始和关闭阶段所用时间占整个曝光时间的比例,可以提高系统的综合传递函数,为中心快门的优化设计提供理论依据。     

光学稀疏孔径系统的成像及其评价方法

对典型阵列结构的光学稀疏孔径系统成像特性进行了数值仿真分析,并采用基于光学实验测量的调制传递函数（MTF）完成了光学稀疏孔径系统成像实验的图像复原处理.针对复杂目标成像,为了评价光学稀疏孔径系统最终成像的整体质量,不仅考虑系统的调制传递函数指标,还提出了一种基于相关系数的成像质量客观评价方法.数值仿真结果和光学实验结果均表明,基于相关系数的成像质量客观评价方法是可行的,实验说明光学稀疏孔径系统成像质量可以达到其等效单个大孔径成像系统的成像效果.     

基于调制传递函数的光学低通滤波器评价模型与实验研究

为了量化评价光学低通滤波器(optical low pass filter,OLPF),利用调制传递函数(modulation transfer function, MTF)建立了一个包含OLPF的二维数字光学成像系统模型,并以此模型为基础构建了OLPF的评价函数.应用该评价函数,计算三种典型OLPF的滤波特性,计算结果表明随着理想光学系统空间截止频率的增大,三种OLPF的滤波性能均有先微弱增强,后迅速减弱的趋势;当光学系统F数大于44时,采用嵌入“两层四点”式OLPF的数字成像系统的低通 关键词： 光学低通滤波器 调制传递函数 评价函数 空间频率     

静态应力作用下预测光学系统性能的计算方法

本文通过计算预测光学性能的方法表征在光学系统组装和外界环境因素影响下的光学系统灵敏度。该方法即通过调制传递函数来表征静态机械应力对光学物镜性能的影响。采用光学干涉仪对经过加工、组装且存在机械应力的光学物镜进行测试,并比较实验调制传递函数与计算模拟分析的调制传递函数。结果表明,计算结果与实验结果相符,证实了本文方法的有效性。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.