InGaAsSb/GaSb量子阱能带结构及自发发射谱

讨论了不同In组分对InGaAsSb/GaSb量子阱能带结构,即带隙及带边不连续性(带阶)的影响。给出了较为精准的InGaAsSb禁带宽度与In组分的关系。分析了In组分对InGaAsSb/GaSb导带、价带带阶的作用。研究表明,随In组分的增加,InGaAsSb禁带宽度减小,应力加大,能带漂移增大,InGaAsSb/GaSb导带、价带的带阶减小。同时,利用上述研究结果合理地解释了InGaAsSb/GaSb自发发射谱的增益、发射峰位及半峰宽与In组分关系。研究In组分对InGaAsSb/GaSb量子阱能带结构及自发发射谱的影响,可以定性地解释已有的实验报道。     

SrTiO3中形成级联能级的理论分析

以Bi和Cu掺杂为例,通过基于密度泛函理论的电子结构的计算,分析了SrTiO₃体系中形成级联能级的可能性.结果表明,Bi掺杂和Cu掺杂都可以在SrTiO₃的禁带中引入杂质能带,Bi和Cu的共同掺杂可引入两条杂质能带.通过在两条杂质能带之间级联激发,价带顶的电子可以受激跃迁到导带底.采用无辐射跃迁的简单模型,分析指出电子通过级联激发从价带顶受激跃迁到导带底的概率远远高于直接从价带顶跃迁到导带底的概率.这种级联激发可以有效提高导带中的载流子浓度. 关键词： 级联能级 密度泛函 掺杂     

InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb长波长多量子阱激光器有源区的优化设计

系统地研究了波长为2.7μm的InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb多量子阱激光器中有源区的优化设计.分别用含应变势的6带KP模型和抛物带模型计算价带和导带的能带结构，并得到薛定谔方程和泊松方程的自洽解，由此计算量子阱在载流子注入时的增益谱.研究表明制约量子阱增益的主要因素不是跃迁矩阵元，而是粒子数反转程度，尤其是空穴填充HH1子带的概率.增加压应变或减小阱宽都会提高量子阱增益.前者降低了价带HH1子带空穴的平面内有效质量；后者拉大了价带子带间距，尽管它同时略微增加了空穴有效质量.这两种因素都导致价带顶空穴态     

InGaN量子阱的微观特性

采用VASP程序包模拟计算InGaN量子阱的能带,精细展示了量子阱实空间能带结构。计算结果表明,In原子所在区域出现局域束缚态,导带底与价带顶的简并能级发生分裂,同时量子阱沿垂直结面方向存在分立的能级。此外,针对影响能带的In组分波动、能带弯曲等问题进行探讨,以准确描述其电子行为,从而深入系统地了解InGaN/GaN量子阱的电学光学等特性。     

InGaAsSb／AIGaAsSb长波长多量子阱激光器有源区的优化设计

系统地研究了波长为2．7μm的InGaAsSb／AlGaAsSb多量子阱激光器中有源区的优化设计，分别用含应变势的6带KP模型和抛物带模型计算价带和导带的能带结构，并得到薛定谔方程和泊松方程的自洽解，由此计算量子阱在载流子注入时的增益谱，研究表明制约量子阱增益的主要因素不是跃迁矩阵元，而是粒子数反转程度，尤其是空穴填充HHl子带的概率，增加压应变或减小阱宽都会提高量子阱增益，前者降低了价带HHl子带空穴的平面内有效质量；后者拉大了价带子带间距，尽管它同时略微增加了空穴有效质量，这两种因素都导致价带顶空穴态密度的降低，提高了空穴在HHl子带的填充概率，最终提高了量子阱的增益，所得结论与已有的实验报道相符。     

耦合量子点中空穴基态反键态特性研究

本文采用六带K·P理论计算了耦合量子点在不同耦合距离下空穴基态特性, 探讨了轻重空穴及轨道自旋相互作用对耦合量子点空穴基态反成键态特性的影响. 在考虑多带耦合的情况下, 耦合量子点随着耦合强度的变化, 价带基态能级和激发态能级发生反交叉现象. 同时, 随着耦合距离的增加, 量子点基态轻重空穴波函数的比重发生变化,导致量子点空穴基态波函数从成键态反转成为反成键态. 同时研究发现, 因空穴基态及激发态波函数特性的转变, 电子、空穴的基态及激发态波函数的叠加强度发生的明显变化. 关键词： 耦合量子点 反键态 多带理论 自旋轨道耦合     

近800 nm波长张应变GaAsP/AlGaAs量子阱激光器有源区的设计

张应变GaAs_1-xP_x量子阱是高性能大功率半导体激光器的核心有源区,基于能带结构分析优化其结构参数具有重要的应用指导意义.首先,基于6×6 Luttinger-Kohn模型,采用有限差分法计算了张应变GaAs_1-xP_x量子阱的能带结构,得到了第一子带间跃迁波长固定为近800 nm时的阱宽-阱组分关系,即随着阱组分x的增加,需同时增大阱宽,且阱宽较大时靠近价带顶的是轻空穴第一子带lh₁,阱宽较小时靠近价带顶的是重空穴第一子带hh₁.计算并分析了导带第一子带c₁到价带子带lh₁和hh₁的跃迁动量矩阵元.针对808 nm量子阱激光器,模拟计算了阈值增益与阱宽的关系,得到大阱宽有利于横磁模激射,小阱宽有利于横电模激射.进一步考虑了自发辐射和俄歇复合之后,模拟计算了808 nm量子阱激光器的阱宽与阈值电流密度的关系,阱宽较大时载流子对高能级子带的填充使得阈值电流密度增加,而阱宽较小时则是低的有源区光限制因子导致阈值电流密度升高,因此存在一最佳的阱宽-阱组分组合,可使阈值电流密度达到最小.本文的模拟结果可对张应变GaAs_1-xP_x量子阱激光器的理论分析和结构设计提供理论指导.     

光抽运半导体激光器增益特性研究

以InGaAs/GaAs应变量子阱材料为例,介绍了考虑能带及波函数的混合效应的6×6Luttinger-Kohn哈密顿量,提出用有限差分法求解含Luttinger-Kohn哈密顿量的有效质量方程,数值模拟得到导带和价带的能带结构,计算应变量子阱的跃迁矩阵元,进而用Lorentzian线形函数计算材料增益。讨论了量子阱阱宽、注入载流子浓度、温度等因素对量子阱材料增益的影响。计算结果表明,压应变使得量子阱有效带隙增大,降低了材料增益的透明电流密度,继而降低器件的阈值,改善器件的输出特性;增益峰值波长和发射波长之间合适的偏差,会使光抽运半导体激光器的阈值电流和工作电流随温度有较小的变化。     

转移矩阵理论及其在Ⅲ/Ⅴ族半导体量子阱体系中的应用

应用转移矩阵方法求解三种不同量子阱体系中基于单带有效质量模型和包络函数近似下的一维定态薛定谔方程.首先,通过比较Ⅰ型单量子阱GaAlAs/GaAs/GaAlAs体系的解析解和数值解,该方法的精确性得到了验证.其次,与Ⅱ型断代量子阱AlSb/InAs/GaSb/AlSb系统的光致发光谱实验结果比较证实了该方法的适用性.最后,利用该方法推广计算了基于GaAs/GaAlAs材料的Ⅰ型耦合多量子阱体系的子带能级和波函数,说明了方法的通用性和实用性. 关键词： 量子阱 转移矩阵方法 光致发光     

InAs/AlSb/GaSb量子阱中的双色光吸收

为了降低噪声对InAs/GaSb量子阱作为双色电探测器性能的影响,设计性能优良的光电探测器,在InAs/GaSb量子阱中加入AlSb夹层,以减少电子和空穴在界面处的复合,从而抑制由于电子和空穴复合引起的噪声。首先应用转移矩阵方法求解薛定谔方程得到量子阱中电子和空穴的能级和波函数,研究AlSb夹层对电子和空穴波函数的影响。应用平衡方程方法求解外加光场条件下的玻尔兹曼方程,研究所有电子和空穴跃迁通道对光吸收系数的贡献,重点研究了AlSb夹层厚度对光吸收系数的影响。结果表明:基于In As/GaSb的量子阱体系可以实现双色光吸收,加入AlSb夹层可以有效抑制电子和空穴在界面处的隧穿,从而降低复合噪声,同时AlSb夹层的加入也对吸收峰有影响。AlSb夹层的厚度达到2 nm即可有效降低电子和空穴复合噪声,双色光吸收峰在中远红外波段,为该量子阱作为性能良好的中远红外光电探测器提供理论支撑。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.