SRXRF研究鼠脑中Zn和ZnT3 mRNA的表达

为了研究ZnT3 mRNA的表达与Zn等金属元素在脑中精细分布的相互作用和功能. 使用同步辐射X射线荧光法(SRXRF)测定小鼠全脑和脑切片中Zn等金属元素分布, 同时使用反转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测小鼠各组织中的ZnT3 mRNA的表达量.结果发现脑中Zn元素不是均匀分布的, 主要分布在皮层、海马和齿状回部位. 大脑皮层、海马和睾丸中的ZnT3 mRNA有较高丰度, 而其他组织中未检出ZnT3 mRNA.进一步的推断表明ZnT3能促进胞浆内Zn富集于囊泡中, 通过介导胞浆锌的跨膜转运过程,构造囊泡'锌池'.     

同步辐射K边减影成像及其在多孔金属材料中的应用

基于元素吸收边附近两个能量上线性吸收系数存在差异,开发了同步辐射K边减影成像技术来标识元素的三维分布.采用略高于和略低于Zn元素K吸收边的能量分别成像,利用其减影像表征了Al-Zn-Mg泡沫铝材料中Zn元素的三维分布和定量化信息.铸态泡沫铝胞壁上Zn的空间分布不均匀,经过长时间固溶处理,Zn的偏聚情况减小;分析了该泡沫铝的断裂行为,发现其胞壁的脆性断裂与Zn元素的不均匀分布有关.研究结果表明,K边减影成像技术为材料三维组织定量表征提供了有力的分析手段. 关键词： 同步辐射 K边减影成像 元素分布 三维表征     

SXRF分析恐龙脊椎头化石微量元素

利用同步辐射X射线荧光成像方法(SXRF)检测了二件不同地区的脊椎头恐龙化石,在每件化石截面上的二个不同区域分别获取了8种元素的分布图及其荧光光谱。在两件样品靠外层的骨密质部位,发现有较密集的稀土元素Y(钇)。在姜驿恐龙化石中Y的富集,来自于化石的成岩过程,在元素分布图中与稀土元素Y共生的含Ca化合物是氟磷酸钙。武定田心恐龙脊椎头化石中,在稀土元素钇的富集的区域,其它元素包括Ca的含量均特别少。此种稀土元素的富集可能是由于化石中含有分解不完全的有机物的吸附所致。在姜驿恐龙脊椎头化石中,微量元素Mn、Fe和Al属于共生矿物;As、Sr、Y元素集中分布在化石的外边缘处,也是三者共生。在田心恐龙脊椎头化石中,微量元素Mn、Fe和Al属于共生矿物,Sr、Y元素共生,Cu元素的分布相对集中。研究表明,恐龙化石中矿物的元素含量及其分布与骨骼所属的部位无关,只与源地有关。恐龙化石中稀土钇富集的地方,呈现白色。同步辐射X射线荧光探测法,能原位、快速、无损地检测出化石样品各种元素的荧光光谱,给出恐龙化石元素分布的二维信息,对于分析恐龙化石所蕴含的侏罗纪时期的古地质特征和古生物信息,给出了重要的依据。     

利用荧光CT实现生物医学样品内元素分布的无损成像

荧光CT是一种可无损重建元素空间分布的发射型断层成像技术,对生物医学研究具有重要意义.同步辐射的高通量、高准直和能量可调等特性使荧光CT的生物医学应用成为可能.文章通过优化设计,在上海同步辐射光源建立了一套用于生物医学样品微量元素分析的荧光CT成像系统.通过对实验装置的优化,提高了系统的数据采集速度和空间分辨率.将极大...     

同步辐射微束荧光CT及其应用新进展

同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT（SR-XFCMT）是将传统的X射线荧光分析法和计算机断层成像（CT）技术有机结合发展起来的一种先进的分析技术．SR-XFCMT可以给出元素在样品内部的分布而不需要对样品进行破坏性的处理，现已成为很多研究领域的有力工具．文章简要介绍了同步辐射微束荧光CT技术及其应用的最新进展，阐述了同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT的关键问题及其发展的前景.     

阿胶真伪品的X射线荧光光谱的鉴别研究

建立了快速鉴别阿胶真伪的新方法.收集6个不同产地的阿胶样品,采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定了各样品元素种类、含量并作出了元素特征谱,与阿胶对照品的元素特征谱作对比分析.结果表明:6个样品中共有的主要元素为Ca,Na,Cl,K,Fe,Zn,Al和Mg等,但其中Cl,Ca,Na和K元素的含量却与对照品有着显著的差异,且部分特有微量元素只存在于个别样品中.依据这些不同点可以准确地对阿胶的真伪及伪劣品中有害元素的引入来源作出识别和判断.基于XRF法所作的元素特征谱可简捷快速、直观有效的鉴别阿胶真伪,有望应用于其他中药的鉴定.     

基于同步辐射的快速扫描X射线微束荧光成像方法

在上海光源硬X射线微聚焦光束线站(BL15U1)上, 基于EPICS软件平台, 集成运动控制, 光强探测, 荧光探测等功能, 实现了"飞行"模式 (on-the-fly) X射线扫描微束荧光成像方法. 用"飞行"扫描X射线荧光成像法获得了标准镍网, 以及微量元素Cu, Zn,K, Fe在样品老鼠脾内的分布图像, 结果显示该方法不但在速度上有了极大的提高, 而且获得的元素分布图像具有高质量. 关键词： 快速扫描X射线微束荧光成像 同步辐射 微量元素分布     

同步辐射X射线荧光光谱国内外研究进展

同步辐射光源是带电粒子在加速器储存环中以接近光速的速度运动时,沿轨道切线方向发射出的辐射,同步辐射X射线荧光分析（SR-XRF）是以同步辐射X射线作为激发光源的X荧光光谱分析技术。同步辐射X射线荧光分析包括了用于微区及微量元素分析的同步辐射XRF、用于表面及薄膜分析的同步辐射全反射X射线荧光（SR-TXRF）以及用于三维无损分析的同步辐射X射线荧光扫描和成像方法（如X射线荧光CT、X射线荧光全场成像、共聚焦X射线荧光和掠出射X射线荧光等）。X射线荧光光谱法通过测量元素的特征X射线发射波长或能量,识别元素,该方法首先通过测量发射的特征线强度,然后将该强度与元素浓度联系起来,对给定元素进行量化分析。X射线荧光光谱技术可以进行多元素同时分析,同步辐射X射线荧光谱亮度高,可调谐,相干性、准直性及偏振性好,可以用于分析样品元素的含量和空间分布。近些年来随着新光源技术的使用、分析软件的更新换代和定量分析方法的发展,对同步X射线荧光光谱分析产生了极大促进,采用新型X射线光学元件和探测器,能极大提升分辨率和探测效率,促进相关学科应用的发展。介绍了近几年来国内外同步辐射X射线荧光光谱分析技术及其应用发展状况,给出了国内外比较典型的同步辐射X射线荧光光谱分析光束线站最新技术方面的发展概况,并列举了一些典型应用成果,例如在生物医学、环境科学、地质考古、材料科学和物理及化学等领域的应用。对于本领域及相关领域的专家学者了解国内外同步辐射技术发展现状、应用研究成果具有一定的参考意义。     

欧洲海蓬子的X射线荧光光谱分析

利用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)对欧洲海蓬子(Salicornia europaea L.)中微量元素的种类和含量进行了测定和分析,为进一步的资源研究和开发提供一定的科学数据.结果表明,海芦笋中含有丰富的Cl、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、Fe等多种元素,其中Cl和Na含量分别为25.48%、11.96%.XRF简单...     

天然玉石的再加热正交双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱二维元素成像分析

为了分析和检测天然玉石表面元素分布情况,采用再加热正交双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱技术对天然玉石表面进行二维元素成像分析.实验研究了正交双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱条件下脉冲间隔和激光能量对原子辐射强度和信背比的影响.在优化的实验条件下,对天然玉石样品表面36mm×10mm范围内进行了二维扫描分析,获得了烧蚀坑洞直径约为30μm的玉石样品表面微量元素Fe的二维分布图.结果表明:再加热正交双脉冲技术能有效地检测天然玉石样品中的微量元素,并在相同的样品损伤条件下提高了检测灵敏度.该技术不仅可以实现玉石样品的表面元素分布分析,为玉石鉴定提供参考,还可以应用于其他固体样品二维元素分布扫描成像分析,具有较好的应用价值.     

Nuclear microscopy of normal and necrotic skeletal muscle fibers: an intracellular elemental microanalysis

The in situ total elemental composition and elemental concentrations present in mouse soleus (type I) and gastrocnemius (type IIA) muscle fibers were analyzed by using nuclear microscopy (NM). Elemental changes in necrotic fibers, induced by intramuscluar injection with snake venom (Pseudechis australis), were also studied 3 h post-injection. Nuclear microscopy is a new method based on nuclear technology that utilizes the interaction between a million-electron-volt nuclear particle beam and the muscle sample (in the case of the present study). Elemental analysis was done at the parts per million (ppm) level of sensitivity on unfixed, rapidly frozen and unstained single fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers with imaging capabilities of μm spatial resolution and in multi-elemental mode. In total, 12 different intracellular elements were mapped, co-localized and analyzed in single normal and necrotic skeletal muscle fibers from mice. Elements such as potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine and sodium were found in concentrations from 1000 to 18 000 ppm. Unlike conventional electron-probe X-ray microanalysis, NM also detected and analyzed the trace elements such as magnesium, calcium, iron and zinc that were found in concentrations of 50 to 1000 ppm. Other elements — copper, manganese and rubidium — were also detected in concentrations of less than 50 ppm. The trace elements calcium, iron and zinc were more abundant in the soleus than the gastrocnemius (the level of iron was statistically significant). Calcium, sodium and chlorine were significantly elevated in venom-induced necrotic soleus muscle fibers.     

Study of the effects of chronic arsenic poisoning in rat kidneys by means of synchrotron microscopic x‐ray fluorescence analysis

Synchrotron microscopic x‐ray fluorescence analysis (µ‐SRXRF) was used for determining the two‐dimensional distribution of Cl, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, As and Br concentrations in rat kidney slices. The animals received drinking water containing 100 ppm of sodium arsenite ad libitum for 30 and 60 days. Lyophilized kidneys sectioned from normal and treated rats were scanned with a collimated white synchrotron spectrum (300 × 300 µm). The accumulation of arsenic and copper in the rat kidney induced by arsenic exposure was corroborated, and the spatial distributions of these elements were studied in detail. While copper was restricted to the renal cortex, arsenic showed changes in its spatial distribution suggesting nephrotoxicity. A correlation between the spatial distributions of zinc and arsenic was observed, which appears to be caused by the antioxidant properties of zinc. Chlorine and potassium also changed their spatial distributions under arsenic exposure, showing a correlation probably to maintain electrical neutrality. There were no significant changes in iron and bromine but the patterns of their spatial distributions were clearly identified. The obtained results show that µ‐SRXRF is a very well‐positioned and precise technique to detect the spatial distributions of elements in mammalian tissues in healthy and diseased conditions and suggest interesting hypotheses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ICP-MS用于新疆紫草的无机元素初级形态分析及其溶出特性研究

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(ICP-MS),分析了新疆紫草中20多种无机元素的初级形态;并研究了不同提取溶剂对其溶出特性的影响。结果显示：在消解方法上,高温密封消解较之微波辅助消解(MAP)能更彻底地消解样品,达到分析要求;在溶液中,除了K,Zn以溶解态为主要存在形式外,其余绝大部分元素主要以悬浮态存在;不同提取溶剂的极性与所分析的无机元素密切相关。Mg,K,Ca,Mn,Tl, Co和Pb等7种元素的提取得率与其提取溶剂极性呈完全的正比例关系,其余元素尽管略有差异,但基本上呈线性关系。     

Effect of manganese stress on the mineral content of the leaves of wheat seedlings by use of X-ray fluorescence excited by synchrotron radiation

The present study describes the potential of the synchrotron radiation based X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technique for the rapid, sensitive, user friendly and simultaneous monitoring of the changes in the elemental profile of the wheat seedlings stressed by excess manganese (Mn). For this, X-ray fluorescence spectra of the leaves of the control and Mn treated wheat seedlings have been recorded by synchrotron radiation X-ray of energy 15?keV. The analyses of the recorded spectra show the presence of elements chlorine, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, nickel, and zinc. A calibration-free approach, PyMca has been used for the quantitative estimation of the detected elements in the leaves of the control and Mn treated wheat seedlings. The excess supply of Mn to wheat seedlings results in the accumulation of manganese in the leaves of the seedlings. The accumulation of manganese in wheat seedlings negatively affects the uptake and translocation of calcium, potassium, and iron while it has stimulating effect on the uptake of copper and zinc.     

Elemental micro-imaging and quantification of human substantia nigra using synchrotron radiation based x-ray fluorescence--in relation to Parkinson's disease

Synchrotron radiation based x-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) was applied to the quantitative evaluation of elemental changes in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in Parkinson's disease (PD) in the framework of a study on the role of chemical elements in the pathophysiology of PD. The analysis was carried out for dopaminergic nerve cells and extraneuronal spaces. The mass fractions of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br and Rb were determined. The application of standard samples developed especially for the determination of elemental mass fractions in thin tissue sections using the SRXRF technique is presented. Two-dimensional maps of elemental distribution show that the location of nerve cells in SNc sections is precisely visualized by the high levels of most elements. It was found that statistically significant differences between control and PD neurons are observed for S (p = 0.04), Cl (p = 0.02), Ca (p = 0.08), Fe (p = 0.04) and Zn (p = 0.04). The mass fractions of P (p = 0.08), S (p = 0.07), Cl (p = 0.04), Zn (p = 0.08) and Rb (p = 0.08) in areas outside the nerve cell bodies differed significantly between PD and control groups. A clear cluster separation between the PD nerve cells and neurons representing the control group was noticed. It was found that Cl, Fe, Ca and Zn are the most significant elements in the general discrimination between PD nerve cells and the control. The comparison between the extraneuronal spaces showed that Cl, Fe and Cu differentiate the PD and control group the most. The evident contribution of chemical elements to the pathophysiology of PD was shown.     

Single intermediate-band solar cells of InGaN/InN quantum dot supracrystals

We measured the elemental mappings in dental enamel of Gigantopithecus blacki (n=3) using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) to understand the dietary variation during the time of tooth eruption. In order to account for the effects of diagenesis on the variation of elements in these fossil teeth, we compared the Fe and Mn elemental distribution and levels in dental enamel of G. blacki with that of a single modern pig tooth and found no differences. The observation of the variations of Sr, Ca and RE (rare earth elements) distribution in the incremental lines reveals that the plant foods utilized by G. blacki from the early Pleistocene or the middle Pleistocene had varied during the formation of dental enamel, possibly caused by the change of living environment or food resources. The variations of elemental distribution in different incremental lines are very promising to understand the nutritional and physical stress of G. blacki during the tooth eruption and environmental adaptations.     

Use of synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate bioaccumulation,molecular target,and biotransformation of volcanic elements

Because environment pollutants have a strong impact on ecosystems, including human health, methods of their determination and mitigation have received special attention in recent years. Taking advantage of the wide range of data that can be obtained by synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SRXRF) in the field of environmental sciences, different instrumental setups were used to study the biological fates of toxic elements in volcanic environments. The elemental composition of plants, algae, and bacteria in Copahue and Domuyo volcanoes from Argentinean Patagonia was determined by SRXRF and the volcanic elements Ti, Fe, and Zn were abundant in these organisms. Interestingly, a high As concentration was found in cyanobacteria (26.2 μg/g) living in As contaminated stream (250 μg/ml). Because arsenic is toxic and human carcinogen, element‐retention capacity, element‐protein associations, and arsenic metabolism in this As resistant organism were analyzed by SRXRF. A high capacity (100–95%) of Ti > Fe > Cr > Sr > Ni > Cu > Mn > Zn > As retention was found after aqueous/alcoholic extraction assisted by ultrasonication. The cyanobacterial proteins were separated by SDS‐PAGE, electro‐transferred to nitrocellulose, and mapped by SRXRF. Defined protein bands containing Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, and/or Zn were observed. Their ability to metabolize arsenic was revealed by combining SRXRF and X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and Dimethylarsenic was found. Based on results, we speculate that these cyanobacteria could be interesting candidates for water treatment. Finally, we conclude that SRXRF is a valuable tool to study the biological cycle of environmental pollutants, including their accumulation, molecular targets, and metabolism. The SRXRF may also assist in remediation researches.     

Spectroscopic investigations on kidney stones using Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

Kidney stone is the most painful and prevalent urological disorder of the urinary system throughout the world. Thus, analysis of kidney stones is an integral part in the evaluation of patents having stone disease. Spectroscopic investigations of stones provide an idea about the pathogenesis of stones for its better cure and treatment. Hence, the present work targets multispectroscopic investigations on kidney stones using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and wave dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WD‐XRF) spectroscopy which are the most useful analytical methods for the purpose of bio‐medical diagnostics. In the present study, FTIR spectral method is used to investigate the chemical composition and classification of kidney stones. The multicomponents of kidney stones such as calcium oxalate, hydroxyl apatite, phosphates, carbonates, and struvite were investigated and studied. Qualitative and quantitative determination of major and trace elements present in the kidney stones was performed employing WD‐XRF spectroscopy. The wide range of elements determined in the kidney stones were calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), iodine (I), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), strontium (Sr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and bromine (Br). For the first time, ruthenium was detected in kidney stone samples employing WD‐XRF in very low concentration. Our results revealed that the presence and relative concentrations of trace elements in different kinds of stones are different and depend on the stone types. From the experiments carried out on kidney stones for trace elemental detection, it was found that WD‐XRF is a robust analytical tool that can be useful for the diagnosis of urological disorders. We have also compared our findings with the results reported using XRF technique. The results obtained in the present paper show interesting prospects for FTIR and WD‐XRF spectrometry in nephrolithiasis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of potassium, calcium and chlorine in some vegetables by EDXRF

Total concentration of potassium, calcium and chlorine was determined in the presence of each other and irrespective of the nature of their compounds, in the leaves of Urticae dioico L. and Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) plants by EDXRF. The enhancement of potassium K X-rays due to calcium K X-rays and enhancement of chlorine K X-rays due to potassium and calcium K X-rays present in the samples were avoided by selective secondary excitation method of the samples. Our results were compared with other experimental results.     

In vitro evaluation of osteoblast‐like cells on hydroxyapatite‐coated porous stainless steel implants by synchrotron radiation x‐ray fluorescence

The successful application of artificial implants requires osseointegration in the implanted structures. To stimulate bone growth, synthetic hydroxyapatite obtained by the coprecipitation process was coated onto porous stainless steel substrates in order to enhance the biocompatibility and, consequently, mineralization. The substrate of choice was porous 316L stainless steel for its high resistance, mechanical strength and low density due to its foam structure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological response of the fabricated implants cultured with MC3T3‐E1 mouse osteoblast‐like cells by analyzing the variation in the elemental concentration, mainly calcium, along with the cellular differentiation and mineralization. By employing synchrotron radiation x‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SRXRF), intracellular elemental distribution and concentration could be determined, revealing a clear increase in the total calcium content. This preliminary data suggests that synthetic hydroxyapatite on porous stainless steel substrates might be successfully used for biocompatible medical implants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.