高功率微波同轴阻抗变换器优化设计及功率计算

 在高功率微波应用中,同轴线的阻抗匹配十分重要。通过同轴线内导体的渐变，可以实现阻抗变换与阻抗匹配。内导体渐变可以采用多项式、余弦、指数等函数形式。用时域有限差分方法计算同轴线的反射系数，以同轴线内导体渐变段的长度和反射系数达到最小为目标，采用遗传算法优化渐变段的结构参数，得到了反射系数为0.015、渐变长度为148 mm的同轴线阻抗变换结构。在一套具有16节点的Beowulf型并行计算机系统上采用主从式并行计算技术完成了计算，缩短了遗传算法搜索时间。最后计算和分析了该同轴线阻抗变换结构的带宽和微波功率容量，该结构峰值功率达8.734 MW。     

渐变螺距螺旋线慢波系统高频特性的仿真分析

 为实现渐变螺距螺旋线慢波结构高频参数的高精度估计，基于MAFIA仿真平台，研究了螺距变化对超宽带螺旋线慢波系统(4~18 GHz)的色散、互作用阻抗与衰减常数的影响，获得了各高频参数随螺距变化的规律。研究表明：相速几乎随螺距增大而线性变大，互作用阻抗与螺距是非线性的关系，衰减常数随螺距增大而非线性地减小；由于在维持电子注与电磁波速度同步的限制下，螺距变化的幅度不可能很大，因此可近似按线性关系来处理互作用阻抗及衰减常数与螺距之间的关系。由此提出了一种可精确计算渐变螺距螺旋线慢波结构高频参数的方法－线性插值法     

改进型磁绝缘线振荡器的设计和数值模拟

 综合两种现有磁绝缘线振荡器的优点，对器件进行改进，将双渐变结构、轭流片和阻抗渐变三种增大功率的机制综合考虑，利用二维半全电磁PIC程序进行数值模拟，设计了一种新的改进型磁绝缘线振荡器，当外加电压为550kV，电流为35kA左右时，在L波段获得了6GW的峰值输出功率。     

高功率超宽带馈源设计与实验

针对大型抛物反射面天线中的高功率超宽带馈源, 提出一种恒阻抗不平衡-平衡转换结构(巴伦)加切比雪夫渐变线TEM喇叭的馈源设计方法, 采用数值模拟研究了其阻抗特性、传输特性与辐射特性, 并进行了测试实验。结果表明:该种馈源结构在较小的体积下具有低反射、高带宽和高馈电效率的优点。该馈源已成功应用于大型高功率抛物反射面天线。     

机械阻抗测量的一种新方法

本文介绍了一种新的机械阻抗测量方法－声强法，由定义出发将机械阻抗表为功率流和加速度响应谱的函数，应用结构声强技术测量功率流，声强法不需要测量作用力信号，可以用于测量任意结构中的各类机械阻抗，实验结果表明，声强获得的测量值与直接获得的测量值相近，声强法能较准确地测量一维和二维匀质结构中机械阻抗。     

渐变段倾角对渐变复合腔特性影响的分析

 利用模式耦合理论，在考虑多模耦合的情况下，对渐变结构复合腔进行了冷腔分析，计算了H₅₁-H₅₂模式对下，各个模式的耦合及场幅值分布情况，分析了渐变段的倾角对渐变复合腔的Q值及场幅值分布的影响。研究表明：渐变段的倾角对渐变结构复合腔的高频特性有很大的影响，特别是各模式的场分布及Q值，合适地选择渐变角度，能使场幅值放大率比较大，这将有利于提高注-波互作用效率。     

轴对称渐变型类周期慢波结构的色散特性

 运用场匹配法和傅里叶级数理论，提出一种原则上可数值求解任意轴对称渐变型类周期慢波结构色散特性的方法。采用该方法编制了计算渐变型波纹波导和渐变型盘荷波导色散曲线的Matlab程序，详细分析并讨论了这两类典型渐变型类周期慢波结构的色散特性。数值计算结果与多维全电磁模拟软件模拟结果的数据吻合度较高，验证了该数值算法的可靠性。另外，该方法具有较强的普适性和扩展性，也可退化到任意轴对称周期慢波结构色散特性的求解，为慢波结构的设计提供一种简单有效的途径。     

分布式阻抗末端加载的TEM喇叭天线设计

基于功率容量和口径匹配扩展低频工作带宽两方面的考虑,设计了一种具有分布式阻抗末端加载结构的超宽带TEM喇叭天线。首先,对渐变式同轴-平板的巴伦结构进行了优化设计,扩展了馈电结构的工作带宽,提高了馈电效率;其次,对指数型TEM喇叭天线末端进行了分布式阻抗的匹配设计,其端口特性和辐射特性均得到了明显改善,并采用功率方向图和能量方向图对天线的辐射效果进行评估。实验结果表明,相对于指数型TEM喇叭天线,加载分布式阻抗匹配末端结构后,天线低频带宽展宽了330 MHz,天线主轴辐射电场峰峰值提高了10%,馈电效率提高了17%。     

超宽带电磁脉冲辐射场测量技术研究

 介绍了一种用于空间自由电磁脉冲测量的探测器,该探测器为阻抗渐变型TEM喇叭结构。重点介绍了探测器灵敏度的测量方法,测试结果表明,在80MHz~2.2GHz范围内,探测器灵敏度的频响起伏小于20%,相位随频率线性变化,标定误差小于12%。     

太赫兹量子级联激光器光频梳射频传输

针对太赫兹量子级联激光器光频梳射频信号提取与传输存在的阻抗不匹配问题,设计并提出了一种输入阻抗为20Ω、输出阻抗为50Ω的渐变微带线结构,研究了该结构的准TEM模电场分布,并根据S参数建立了相应的LC等效电路模型分析其物理机理。实验中,将渐变微带线结构应用于太赫兹量子级联激光器光频梳射频信号提取与测试,以验证渐变微带线传输射频信号效果,成功测量得到太赫兹量子级联激光器重复频率,其线宽为3.7 kHz,信噪比达到60 dB,在注入电流为700～900 mA范围内重复频率表现为稳定的单模信号,测量得到的最大保持和幅度艾伦方差结果同样表现出重复频率的稳定性。实验结果表明,所设计的渐变微带线具有良好的阻抗匹配效果,能够实现对太赫兹量子级联激光器光频梳射频信号稳定的提取和传输。     

Variable photonic crystal fiber optical attenuator combining air hole reduction induced radiation and bending loss

Recently, an optical attenuator has been important in fiber optic communication systems, because a transmission power in fiber has become higher due to a channel increment in wavelength division multiplexing transmission. A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) optical attenuator is fabricated by air hole diameter reduction in a part of PCF in which radiations are caused in the air hole diameter reduced part of PCF. A PCF optical attenuator has a high power resistance feature due to its radiation-induced operation of optical attenuation. In this paper, we proposed a variable PCF optical attenuator in which a bend was applied to the air hole diameter reduced part in PCF optical attenuator that was fabricated by CO₂ laser irradiation. In PCF optical attenuator fabrication, the attenuation was adjusted by the reduced air hole diameter with laser irradiation time control. It was demonstrated that 10.6–13.5 dB of variable attenuation was obtained at 1550 nm-wavelength with 0°–90° bending angle applied to the air hole diameter reduced part in PCF optical attenuator.     

用于测量高功率激光远场光强空间分布的小畸变光强衰减与成像系统研究

介绍了用于测量星光装置激光远场空间分布的高衰减倍率与成像系统。它是高功率激光产时监测系统的组成部分。衰减器减倍数可以在１０＾－２－－１０＾－１２间变化，衰减成 给定条件下引入的附以像差被控制在２倍衍射极限之内，总的波像差小于２λ／３。     

Effect of Attenuator on BWO Start Oscillation Condition in a Helix Millimeter Wave TWT Under Magnetic Focusing

In a practical helix millimeter wave traveling-wave tube (TWT), there are always magnetic focusing system for constraining the electron beam as it passes through the interaction region and attenuator for suppressing the oscillations, including backward-wave oscillation (BWO) and improving the output power. In view of the attenuator and magnetic focusing system, a 2D linear theory is employed to analyze BWO start oscillation condition. Numerical results show that the start oscillation length of the millimeter wave TWT decreases when the start position of the attenuator is close to the input section of the slow wave structure (SWS), and that it increases with the decrease of the attenuation length or the increase of the attenuation quantity. Therefore, in order to predict the BWO accurately, we should take into the attenuator and magnetic focusing system account.     

0.22 THz高效率行波管的互作用计算

利用CST Microwave Studio 计算双排矩形梳状慢波结构的色散并据此确定了0.22 THz左右频段（D波段）行波管用慢波结构的尺寸参数。将相速再同步技术应用于基于双排矩形梳状慢波结构的D波段行波管中,用CST PIC模拟计算了4例具有不同周期构型的D波段行波管。结果证实:对于无集中衰减器的D波段行波管,在218~232 GHz范围内,相速再同步技术使得输出功率从10~13 W提高到19~28 W,电子效率从1.4%~2.2%提高到2.6%~3.9%;对于具有集中衰减器D波段行波管,在218~232 GHz范围内,相速再同步技术使得输出功率从8~16.8 W提高到32~41 W,电子效率从1.5%~2.8%提高到4.4%~5.7%。此外,无论行波管有无集中衰减器,相速再同步技术都明显改善了行波管的增益平坦度。     

Microwave System for BEPCⅡ-Linac

Specifications of microwave system for BEPCⅡ-Linac were enhanced by a wide margin in comparison with those of the microwave system for BEPC-Linac. For this reason many RF components must be developed and improved. This paper introduces the developments of SLED detuning system, accelerating section, high power waveguide valve, high power dummy-load, and medium & high power waveguide attenuator/phase shifters. High power operation of the microwave system has been carried out.     

新型高性能光控高温超导微波可变衰减器研制

 提出了一种用于高温超导系统的新型星载光控高温超导微波可变衰减器，详细介绍了设计过程，并针对测试结果进行了分析。该衰减器的实质是利用液氮温区高温超导薄膜极低的微波表面电阻和卓越的激光响应特性，实现优良的衰减功能。在器件结构的设计上引入过渡材料和透明有机材料以保证器件良好的接地性能以及激光光束的对准。主要结论如下：光控高温超导微波可变衰减器在液氮温区工作，电路尺寸为12 mm×8 mm×0.5 mm，可单独使用也可集成于高温超导系统中，可大幅减小系统的体积与质量；高温超导衰减器的插损小于0.2 dB，比常规衰减器低1个量级；高温超导衰减器的可变衰减步进值小于0.01 dB，比常规衰减器低1～2个量级。根据激光功率大小对衰减器插损变化特性的影响，该衰减器也可以实现步进式调谐。     

140GHz大功率交错双栅行波管的设计和模拟研究

采用交错双栅结构,结合带状电子注,研究了一种工作在140 GHz频段的大功率行波管. 本振模数值计算表明该结构具有良好的色散特性和耦合阻抗.针对所采用的慢波结构, 提出了慢波过渡结构、输入输出耦合器和集中衰减器,保证了行波管的良好工作. 利用三维大信号模拟计算的方法得到的结果显示,当电子注直流功率为5.115 kW,输入信号功率为0.1 W时, 所研究的行波管能在132-152 GHz范围内提供大于300 W的峰值功率,其中在138 GHz时得到最大功率546 W, 对应增益为37.37 dB.当在0.027-0.46 W内调节输入信号功率,可以保持该行波管在128-152 GHz 频带内得到大于440 W的峰值功率,对应的电子效率大于8.6%. 结果显示该行波管将在大功率短毫米波领域具有重要意义和潜在应用价值.     

Theoretical research on the performance of a practical helix travelling wave tube

On the basis of a rigorous field theory, two different physical models of attenuator and sever have been proposed. One is named High attenuation （HATT） model in which both attenuator and sever are considered as a unified attenuator, but the sever is regarded as an area of very high loss; the other is called Sever and attenuator （SATT） model in which the sever is modelled as a drift area in which the electric and magnetic fields both vanish. A complex function is derived and potential sinking effect is also considered. Thus, a set of more practical self-consistent equations of nonlinear beam-wave interaction is formulated. Simulations are carried out under the conditions of the two different physical models, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental data. The results show that in the case of single signal drive, the unknown second harmonic should be included for predicting the saturated output power. It is also evident that the SATT model and the HATT model predict the same physical nature, whereas the results predicted by the HATT model are much closer to the experimental data than those obtained from the SATT model. Therefore, these results provide a strong theoretical basis for designing broadband and high gain helix travelling wave tubes.     

硅微机械F-腔可变衰减器光学特性分析

一种新型的硅微机械F P腔可变衰减器 ,具有体积小、插入损耗低、调节精度高等优点 ,介绍了其基本结构、基本原理。分析了F P腔两个反射镜的光学特性对F P腔性能的影响 ,包括两反射镜反射率对插入损耗、最大衰减量、工作范围的影响 ,以及F P腔腔长与衰减量之间的关系 ,分析了这种衰减器的带宽响应。衰减器体积只有 2 0 0× 2 0 0× 30 0 μm左右 ,插入损耗小于 2dB ,最大衰减量为 44dB左右。     

Polymer waveguide thermo-optic switches with −70 dB optical crosstalk

To reduce the crosstalk of the polymer waveguide optical switches, waveguide attenuators are integrated with the switch on the same substrate. The switch and attenuator shares a single connected electrode which is controlled by a single current source. Due to the simple structure of the integrated attenuator, the device length is reduced to 10 mm so as to provide low insertion loss of 0.8 and 1.1 dB for 1300 and 1550 nm, respectively. Further radiation of the remained optical signal on the switch-off branch is induced by the integrated attenuator so that the switching crosstalk is reduced to −70 dB with an applied electrical power of 200 mW. The low crosstalk is maintained for the environmental temperature range of −10 to 55 °C.