快速收敛最小方差无畸变响应算法研究及应用

常规最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)自适应波束形成是一种高分辨窄带波束形成器,它是利用实际声场的窄带互谱密度矩阵(CSDM)估计出自适应波束形成权向量。在实际应用中,MVDR算法需要较长的观测时间估计协方差矩阵,不利于对高速运动目标进行定位;对于宽带目标信号,MVDR算法需要对每一个CSDM进行求逆运算,计算量较大;在相干源条件下,目标信号之间会发生"对消"现象,MVDR算法性能急剧恶化。本文提出了基于子带子阵处理的快速收敛MVDR自适应波束形成方法。首先将全频带划分成一组子带,将接收线阵划分成一组子阵,然后对每一子带计算降维的驾驶协方差矩阵(STCM),从而得到快速收敛MVDR自适应波束形成的权值和空间谱估计结果。同时采用双向空间平滑方法对相干源进行MVDR空间谱估计。仿真和海试数据处理结果表明该算法在保证高分辨力的同时,具有瞬时收敛的性能,双向空间平滑技术具有良好的解相干性能。      

声矢量圆阵宽带相干目标MVDR方位估计*

针对宽带相干目标的远程探测问题，本文提出一种基于声压振速联合处理和矢量重构的声矢量圆阵MVDR波束形成方法。该方法利用相位模态变换技术，将声矢量圆阵变换为与信号频率无关的虚拟线阵，并构建虚拟线阵声压与组合振速的互协方差矩阵，利用声压与振速各分量间的空间相关性有效地抑制各向同性环境噪声；并对宽带相干信号的互协方差矩阵进行矢量重构，即将最大特征值对应的特征向量划分为相互重叠的子向量，从而构建前/后向Hermitian矩阵；最后，基于MVDR波束形成器实现宽带相干目标的方位估计。仿真计算和实验数据处理结果表明，该方法具较强的解相干能力和噪声抑制能力以及较高的方位估计性能。     

基于任意阵的最小方差无失真响应聚焦波束形成的被动定位方法

将最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)聚焦波束形成近场被动定位方法应用到平面任意结构阵列上,可以很好地解决线列阵由于阵长较长,在实际使用中存在布放困难、部分阵元失效影响定位性能等问题。本文首先分析了平面任意结构阵列的近场接收信号模型,推导出阵列流型,然后将MVDR聚焦波束形成技术应用到该模型中,得到了基于任意阵的MVDR聚焦波束形成近场被动定位方法。仿真验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

宽带低旁瓣时域波束形成

针对有源和无源声呐中的宽带波束形成,提出了一种低旁瓣时域实现方法。声阵列各个阵元的输出首先经过数字延迟线实现数倍采样间隔的时延补偿,然后由FIR数字滤波器来补偿剩余的时延,并实现低旁瓣波束所需的频率加权,最后再把滤波器输出相加得到时域波束输出。FIR数字滤波器的设计采用改进的自适应方法,其期望响应由工作频带划分成的等间隔窄子带上的低旁瓣波束形成权系数构成。各个子带上的低旁瓣波束则采用基于MVDR波束形成原理的波束优化设计方法得到。针对圆弧阵的计算机仿真设计结果和湖上实验验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于子带分解的宽带波束域最小方差无畸变响应高分辨方位估计方法研究

针对最小方差无畸变响应法对宽带不适用、计算量较大和如何与实际声呐系统结合这三个问题,提出了基于子带分解的宽带波束域MVDR高分辨方位估计方法:它以子带分解的方法实现MVDR在宽带情形下的扩展;利用波束转换实现降维运算,大大减小运算量和提高算法的稳健性;并且提出了在声呐系统使用中的新思路:可将该方法与声呐的多波束系统结合,直接利用声呐多波束系统的输出,可省去从阵元域到波束域的转换,进一步减少运算量;可用于替代传统的分裂波束精测定向系统或单波束系统,提高整个声呐定向系统的性能。经过理论分析、仿真实验和湖试实验,证明了该方法是简单的、有效的、可行的。     

基于时延估计的分裂阵时域波束形成技术

大孔径拖曳线列阵受舰艇横向机动、洋流影响和水动力影响时会产生一定的阵形畸变,阵形畸变使得波束形成时阵列流型失配,进而降低了目标方位分辨率和阵处理的增益。在无法进行阵形估计时,基于时延估计的分裂阵时域波束形成技术将大孔径拖曳线阵分为左右两个子阵分别做波束形成,通过加权广义相关时延估计算法估算对应波束的时延差,再依据估算时延差对左右两个波束进行延时求和得到最终的波束信号。仿真和海试数据证明,相对于全阵直接做波束形成的方法,基于时延估计的分裂阵的时域波束形成技术有效提高了目标方位分辨率和阵处理的增益。     

声矢量传感器阵宽带相干信号子空间最优波束形成

提出了基于矢量传感器阵的宽带相干信号子空间最优波束形成。建立了矢量传感器阵的宽带阵列信号模型,将宽带聚焦思想引入到了矢量传感器阵宽带处理,证明了矢量传感器阵与声压传感器阵宽带聚焦矩阵之间的关系,为矢量传感器阵宽带聚焦矩阵的构造提供了一种方法。推导了基于矢量传感器阵宽带最优波束形成的空间谱,通过空间重采样方法实现矢量传感器阵宽带聚焦,避免了对目标源方位的预估。通过仿真验证了矢量传感器阵具有更优越的性能:可以解宽带相干源;能够实现全空间无模糊定向;可以空间欠采样,因而在不增加计算量的基础上,能够提高阵列处理的性能;克服了传统声压传感器线阵端射方向上,目标方位估计性能下降的缺点。     

子空间方法用于宽容的自适应波束形成

由于浅海波导和接收阵本身存在大量的不确实性,使得接收到的阵数据产生严重的失真,而常见的自适应波束形成方法如MVDR对失配很敏感。为此,本文提出了一种宽容性的自适应子空间波束形成方法。考虑一个具有空间特征的信号位于已知的子空间,但在子空间中的具体位置未知,并将干扰建模为子空间干扰。首先对未知参量进行最大似然估计,代入似然比检测中得到广义似然比检测(GLRT),从而得到子空间波束形成器。通过对不同失配情况下仿真以及实际海试数据处理验证了子空间波束形成器的性能,仿真和实验数据处理结果表明,子空间波束形成器比MVDR更宽容,比较明显提高检测和估计性能。     

波束形成与独立分量分析融合的宽带高分辨方位估计方法

针对波束域高分辨方位估计存在方位估计偏差大等缺点,提出了将波束形成与独立分量分析融合的宽带高分辨方位估计方法:(1)阵元域数据转换到波束域后,对多波束数据利用基于二阶统计量的独立分量分析算法处理,(2)将波束域独立分量分析融合方法输出结果重构回阵元域信号,(3)对重构后的阵元域数据,使用约束最优化方法改进的MUSIC算法做高分辨方位估计。最后利用ICS (Interactre Circuts&System)声呐模拟器数据和海试数据对算法进行了验证。结果表明:本文方法在弱目标检测、观测区域外强干扰抑制、方位分辨率方面都优先于波束域MUSIC和波束MVDR方法。      

利用近场MVDR双聚焦波束成形方法实现被动测距

本文分析了近场环境下基于双聚焦波束成形的水下被动测距方法。通过修正MVDR方向矢量,得到了适用于近场环境的MVDR。仿真实验证明近场MVDR双聚焦波束成形测距方法优于普通波束成形和远场MVDR双聚焦波束成形,能明显减小目标距离估计的模糊区域。在相邻两个日标的定位性能上,MVDR双聚焦波束成形技术也比MVDR单聚焦系统体现出更大的优势,能较好地分辨目标。     

Direction of arrival estimation for underwater acoustic target based on compressed sensing after blind reconstruction of array signal in frequency domain

The performance of direction of arrival(DOA) estimation based on compressed sensing(CS) decreases in the complex ocean marine environment.In order to tackle this problem,a method of DOA estimation for underwater acoustic target based on CS after blind reconstruction of array signal in frequency domain is proposed.Firstly,the received array data are transformed to frequency domain by Fourier transform and frequency domain wideband signal are divided into part overlapping multiple sub-band array signal.Secondly,each subband array signal are separated using plural blind source separation(BSS) method,the sub-band separated matrix and target signal can be estimated.Thirdly,the array signal in frequency domain are reconstructed according to the separated matrix and separated signals which were not noises.Fourthly,the sub-band spatial spectrum corresponding to the reconstructed array signal is obtained by CS beamforming method.Finally,the total spatial spectrum is achieved by summing the all sub-band spatial spectrum.And the target direction can be estimated by searching the peak value of the total spatial spectrum.The verification results of simulator data and sea measured data show that,under the same conditions,the target detection ability and direction precision of the proposed method is superior to the classical minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR) method,frequency domain CS method,BSS combined with MVDR method.The spatial spectrum energy of faint target signal is improved obviously,and the ability of the sonar to detect faint target is enhanced.     

盲重构频域阵列信号的压缩感知水声目标方位估计

针对复杂海洋环境条件下压缩感知水声目标方位估计性能下降的问题,利用盲源分离能够提高信噪比的优势,提出了一种盲重构频域阵列信号的压缩感知水声目标方位估计方法。首先将阵元域信号通过傅里叶变换方法得到多个子带阵列信号;然后对各个子带阵列信号进行复数域盲源分离得到子带解混矩阵和子带分离信号估计,并对子带分离信号进行属性分析和处理;再根据处理后的子带分离信号和子带解混矩阵重构子带阵列信号,对重构的子带阵列信号采用频域压缩感知方法进行空间谱估计,得到各个子带的空间谱;最后将各子带得到的空间谱进行求和,搜索求和后空间谱的峰值则可实现目标方位估计。模拟器数据和海上实测数据验证结果表明,同等条件下该方法的目标检测能力优于经典的最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response,MVDR)方法、频域压缩感知(Compressed Sensing,CS)方法、盲源分离(Blind Source Separation,BSS)与MVDR相结合的方法(BSS+MVDR方法),测向精度更高,明显提高了弱目标信号的空间谱能量,增强了声呐检测弱目标的能力。      

A Novel Wideband Subarray Technique for Shaped Pattern Generation and Adaptively Interference Rejection

In this article, a simple and efficient technique for the wideband shaped beam and sector beam pattern generation with their adaptive interference rejection is proposed. A microcontroller controlled and time delay based beam forming network for simultaneously generating multiple beams, shaped beam and sector beam is conceptualized. The antenna patterns considered here is formed by linear array of isotropic elements grouped as subarray. The shaped and sector beam synthesis procedure is practically simplified by simultaneous adding the constituents beams from the subarrays, was theoretically established by Woodward and Lawson (Proc. IEE. 95(1):362–370, 1948). Apart from the shaped beam generation a technique for adaptive interference rejection in shaped patterns using combination of time delay and phase shifter is discussed. This topic promises good prospect for wideband pattern generation and interference rejection.     

Research and application of fast-convergent minimum variance distortionless response algorithm

The conventional MVDR adaptive beamformer is a high-resolution narrowband beamformer which estimates the optimal beamforming weights using narrowband CSDM of real acoustic field.In practical applications,MVDR algorithm needs long observation time to estimate the covariance matrix.This inherent property makes it difficult to localize fast-moving targets.For wideband signals,MVDR algorithm needs inverting every CSDM which increases the computational demands.For correlated sources,the performance of MVDR will degrade dramatically because the signals will cancel each other.A fast-convergent MVDR algorithm based on subband subarray processing is proposed.The full frequency band is divided into sets of subbands and the line array is divided into sets of subarrays.For every subband the STCM of reduced dimensions is calculated.Then adaptive beamforming weight of fast-convergent MVDR algorithm and spatial spectrum estimation are obtained.At the same time,spatial spectrum estimation can be made for correlated sources using the two-sided spatial smoothing method. Results of simulation and trial data show that the proposed method has high-resolution and near-instantaneous convergence property,two-sided spatial smoothing has satisfactory validity of decorrelation.     

非均匀对角减载最小方差无失真响应多目标分辨

针对最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response,MVDR)方法在起伏非相关噪声环境下多目标分辨性能严重下降的问题,提出一种非均匀对角减载MVDR (Inhomogeneous Diagonal Unloading MVDR,IDU-MVDR)方法。该方法首先对协方差矩阵进行非均匀对角减载,然后实施MVDR方法。各阵元上的对角减载量通过求解半正定优化问题获得,优化问题中最大化减载量之和,但约束减载后协方差矩阵的最小特征值是一个较小的正值。数值仿真表明,IDUMVDR方法可通过非均匀对角减载消除大部分非相关噪声,但保留小部分噪声分量.因此IDU-MVDR方法较MVDR方法分辨力更高,空间谱中背景级更低、弱目标谱峰更加明显,并且具备一定的稳健性.海上实验结果与数值仿真相一致,验证了IDU-MVDR方法的有效性.      

TR-MIMO detection of a small target in a shallow water waveguide environment

A kind of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sonar model is presented for enhancing detection of small targets in an underwater acoustic waveguide. A co-located vertical linear array is partitioned into several sub-arrays illuminating orthogonal waveforms at a target of interest. When the target is modeled as an extended target consisting of multiple scatterers, time reversal is utilized in the MIMO transmission scheme for capturing target diversity. The feasibility of time-reversal beams simultaneously esonifying the target’s scatterers is verified by the analysis of spatial–temporal focusing in simulations. The tank experimental results have further demonstrated the effectiveness of the TR-MIMO sonar model.     

Direction of arrival estimation and signal recovery based on single snapshot compressed sensing in frequency domain

Direction of arrival(DOA) estimation and signal recovery is the base of the underwater target localization,tracking and recognition.Based on the compressed sensing theory,a method for DOA estimation and source signal recovery is proposed using the single snapshot processing of the received array signal in frequency domain.The received array signal are transformed to frequency domain,and the single snapshot data in frequency domain are regarded as the measured data of the compressed sensing.According to the frequency,searching orientation and array manifold,the overcomplete array manifold is constructed as the sensing matrix of the compressed sensing.Both the target signal and power of the searching orientation are estimated by the basis pursuit method to complete DOA estimation and signal recovery.Simulation results show that the proposed method has a number of advantages over the minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR) method,including improved robustness to noise,fewer requirement in number of sensors and snapshots.And the correlation coefficient of the signal reaches up to 0.89.Experiment results in real environments verify that the proposed method performs more effectively in the detection of weak targets than the MVDR method and can be applied to real sonar system.     

频域单快拍压缩感知目标方位估计和信号恢复方法

方位估计和信号恢复分别是水下目标定位、跟踪和目标识别的前提。提出了一种阵列频域单快拍压缩感知的水下目标方位估计和信号恢复方法。首先将阵列接收数据变换到频域,取频域单快拍数据作为压缩感知的测量值,然后根据频域快拍对应的频率、搜索方位和阵列流形构造过完备的阵列流形矩阵作为压缩感知的感知矩阵,最后通过基追踪算法估计搜索方位上目标信号和功率,实现DOA估计与信号恢复。宽带仿真实验数据验证结果表明,同等条件下完成同样的目标方位分辨,提出的方法比最小方差无失真响应方法要求的阵元数和快拍数较少,要求的信噪比更低,恢复的目标信号更加准确,波形相关系数达到89%以上。海上实验数据处理结果表明,目标检测能力优于最小方差无失真响应方法,证明该方法可以适用于实际声呐系统。