柱形障板条件下声矢量圆阵相位模态域目标方位估计

提出了基于横向、纵向和对角排列的声压振速联合处理协方差矩阵构造的相位模态域最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)目标方位估计方法。该方法利用弹性柱障散射声场模型,根据声矢量圆阵相位模态变换理论,构造声压与不同振速分量的互协方差矩阵,并进行相加、纵向、横向和对角排列得到扩展互协方差矩阵,将扩展互协方差矩阵分解重构后进行MVDR目标方位估计。理论分析与仿真结果表明,纵向排列互协方差矩阵具有更好的方位估计性能,相加互协方差矩阵具有较低的背景谱,对角和横向排列相对纵向排列较差。水池试验和湖试结果进一步验证了纵向排列互协方差矩阵具有较其他3种方法更好的方位估计性能。     

使用协方差矩阵分解的矢量阵声压振速联合处理波达方向估计

提出一种使用协方差矩阵分解(CMD)的声矢量阵声压振速联合处理方法。该方法将声压振速互协方差矩阵分解为观测方位系数矩阵和剩余协方差矩阵,将系数矩阵与导向矢量结合避免了观测方位的选择,对剩余协方差矩阵进行奇异值分解并重构厄米特协方差矩阵,最后对重构的协方差矩阵实施最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)方法处理。理论分析表明,使用重构的协方差矩阵能够获得更高的阵处理增益。数值仿真结果验证了本文方法的计算量与Nehorai处理方法相近,但较传统声压振速联合处理方法具有更高的阵处理增益和目标分辨能力。     

声矢量圆阵相位模态域目标方位估计

为了实现矢量传感器在圆阵阵型下的应用,文中提出了一种适合于声矢量圆阵的目标方位估计算法。该算法首先将声矢量圆阵阵元域信号分解为一系列相互正交的相位模态,在相位模态域构造声压和质点振速的互协方差矩阵,然后进行MUSIC方位估计.理论分析和仿真结果表明,文中算法比相同阵型的声压阵MUSIC方位估计算法具有更好的噪声抑制能力、方位估计性能以及多目标分辨能力,试验结果也表明本文算法具有更好的噪声抑制能力以及更好的目标方位估计性能。该算法实现了声压和质点振速的相干处理,充分利用了声矢量传感器的平均声强抗噪原理,具有较强的抗各向同性噪声能力,并可以将子空间类DOA(Direction of Arrival)估计算法和相位模态域阵列信号处理技术有机结合起来,实现了声矢量传感器在圆阵阵型条件下的高分辨DOA估计。      

基于声压振速联合信息处理的声矢量阵相干信号子空间方法

为解决水下宽带源的远程测向问题,提出了一种基于声压P与振速V的互谱矩阵的声矢量阵相干信号子空间方法。与现有的将声矢量传感器的振速信息仅仅作为独立阵元来处理的声矢量阵测向方法不同,新方法完全基于声压与振速联合信息处理,充分利用了声矢量阵中P-V互谱的抗噪能力,能将相干信号子空间方法的宽带高分辨能力及去相干能力与声矢量阵的抗噪能力有机地结合起来,实现对宽带源的远程、高分辨方位估计。理论分析给出了基于P-V互谱矩阵的宽带聚焦原理和特征分解原理,以及信源数检测准则。基于湖试数据的仿真实验结果显示,采用3元声矢量阵,在信噪比为-10dB和观测时间为20s时,新方法方位估计的均方根误差约为5°,明显强于现有方法。     

基于多重信号分类法的一种声矢量阵方位估计算法

为了提高声矢量阵高分辨方位估计的性能,文中提出了一种矢量阵MUSIC方位估计算法.该算法先构造声矢量阵声压和振速组合输出的互协方差矩阵,然后进行MUSIC方位估计.理论分析和计算机仿真表明,文中算法比传统声矢量阵MUSIC方位估计算法有更好的双目标分辨能力和弱目标方位估计能力,湖试结果也表明文中算法有更好的目标方位估计性能.该算法基于矢量传感器声压和振速的相干性原理,充分利用声压振速组合指向性抗干扰能力,可以更好地抑制各向同性干扰,提高阵列的处理增益,从而有更好的方位估计性能.     

基于声压振速联合处理的声矢量阵信源数检测与方位估计

为解决水下远程测向问题,首先论述了基于声压与振速互协方差矩阵的声矢量阵特征子空间方法,然后利用空时虚拟抽头处理,提出了一种基于特征向量的信源数检测与子空间划分准则.理论分析表明,与现有的将声矢量传感器的振速信息作为独立阵元来处理的声矢量阵测向方法不同,新的信源数检测与方位估计方法完全基于声压与振速联合信息处理,能将子空间方法的高分辨能力与声矢量阵的抗噪能力有机结合起来,可实现对远程目标的高分辨检测与定向.基于湖试数据的仿真实验证明了所述方法的有效性.     

声矢量传感器阵宽带相干信号子空间最优波束形成

提出了基于矢量传感器阵的宽带相干信号子空间最优波束形成。建立了矢量传感器阵的宽带阵列信号模型,将宽带聚焦思想引入到了矢量传感器阵宽带处理,证明了矢量传感器阵与声压传感器阵宽带聚焦矩阵之间的关系,为矢量传感器阵宽带聚焦矩阵的构造提供了一种方法。推导了基于矢量传感器阵宽带最优波束形成的空间谱,通过空间重采样方法实现矢量传感器阵宽带聚焦,避免了对目标源方位的预估。通过仿真验证了矢量传感器阵具有更优越的性能:可以解宽带相干源;能够实现全空间无模糊定向;可以空间欠采样,因而在不增加计算量的基础上,能够提高阵列处理的性能;克服了传统声压传感器线阵端射方向上,目标方位估计性能下降的缺点。     

快速收敛最小方差无畸变响应算法研究及应用

常规最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)自适应波束形成是一种高分辨窄带波束形成器,它是利用实际声场的窄带互谱密度矩阵(CSDM)估计出自适应波束形成权向量。在实际应用中,MVDR算法需要较长的观测时间估计协方差矩阵,不利于对高速运动目标进行定位;对于宽带目标信号,MVDR算法需要对每一个CSDM进行求逆运算,计算量较大;在相干源条件下,目标信号之间会发生"对消"现象,MVDR算法性能急剧恶化。本文提出了基于子带子阵处理的快速收敛MVDR自适应波束形成方法。首先将全频带划分成一组子带,将接收线阵划分成一组子阵,然后对每一子带计算降维的驾驶协方差矩阵(STCM),从而得到快速收敛MVDR自适应波束形成的权值和空间谱估计结果。同时采用双向空间平滑方法对相干源进行MVDR空间谱估计。仿真和海试数据处理结果表明该算法在保证高分辨力的同时,具有瞬时收敛的性能,双向空间平滑技术具有良好的解相干性能。      

一种基于矢量水听器阵的归一化加权Capon波束形成方法

矢量水听器同时拾取声场的标量信息声压和矢量信息振速。本文在分析了各向同性噪声场下矢量水听器阵Capon波束形成方位谱的基础上，提出了一种归一化加权Capon波束形成的改进算法，并给出了方位谱的表达式。本方法不需要特征分解，并且得到的是通常意义上的功率谱(可用于估计信号的能量)。仿真计算表明，此方法的性能优于Capon法，可大大提高方位估计的精度。     

一种矢量水听器基阵模拟器的设计

矢量水听器的每个阵元同时测量声场中声矢量和质点振速的3个分量,相对于声压水听器阵来说,矢量阵获取声场中更多的信息。利用矢量阵所获得速度场的信息可以去除目标方位估计中的 180°模糊。模拟器可以模拟实际海洋环境中目标的辐射特性和噪声特性,应用模拟器可以有效地缩短声纳的研制周期。本文提出一种矢量水听器基阵模拟器的设计方案,该方案解决了矢量阵中宽带信号的90°移相问题、时延精确控制问题和宽带噪声的谱状控制问题。     

Direction of arrival estimation for underwater acoustic target based on compressed sensing after blind reconstruction of array signal in frequency domain

The performance of direction of arrival(DOA) estimation based on compressed sensing(CS) decreases in the complex ocean marine environment.In order to tackle this problem,a method of DOA estimation for underwater acoustic target based on CS after blind reconstruction of array signal in frequency domain is proposed.Firstly,the received array data are transformed to frequency domain by Fourier transform and frequency domain wideband signal are divided into part overlapping multiple sub-band array signal.Secondly,each subband array signal are separated using plural blind source separation(BSS) method,the sub-band separated matrix and target signal can be estimated.Thirdly,the array signal in frequency domain are reconstructed according to the separated matrix and separated signals which were not noises.Fourthly,the sub-band spatial spectrum corresponding to the reconstructed array signal is obtained by CS beamforming method.Finally,the total spatial spectrum is achieved by summing the all sub-band spatial spectrum.And the target direction can be estimated by searching the peak value of the total spatial spectrum.The verification results of simulator data and sea measured data show that,under the same conditions,the target detection ability and direction precision of the proposed method is superior to the classical minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR) method,frequency domain CS method,BSS combined with MVDR method.The spatial spectrum energy of faint target signal is improved obviously,and the ability of the sonar to detect faint target is enhanced.     

Research and application of fast-convergent minimum variance distortionless response algorithm

The conventional MVDR adaptive beamformer is a high-resolution narrowband beamformer which estimates the optimal beamforming weights using narrowband CSDM of real acoustic field.In practical applications,MVDR algorithm needs long observation time to estimate the covariance matrix.This inherent property makes it difficult to localize fast-moving targets.For wideband signals,MVDR algorithm needs inverting every CSDM which increases the computational demands.For correlated sources,the performance of MVDR will degrade dramatically because the signals will cancel each other.A fast-convergent MVDR algorithm based on subband subarray processing is proposed.The full frequency band is divided into sets of subbands and the line array is divided into sets of subarrays.For every subband the STCM of reduced dimensions is calculated.Then adaptive beamforming weight of fast-convergent MVDR algorithm and spatial spectrum estimation are obtained.At the same time,spatial spectrum estimation can be made for correlated sources using the two-sided spatial smoothing method. Results of simulation and trial data show that the proposed method has high-resolution and near-instantaneous convergence property,two-sided spatial smoothing has satisfactory validity of decorrelation.     

盲重构频域阵列信号的压缩感知水声目标方位估计

针对复杂海洋环境条件下压缩感知水声目标方位估计性能下降的问题,利用盲源分离能够提高信噪比的优势,提出了一种盲重构频域阵列信号的压缩感知水声目标方位估计方法。首先将阵元域信号通过傅里叶变换方法得到多个子带阵列信号;然后对各个子带阵列信号进行复数域盲源分离得到子带解混矩阵和子带分离信号估计,并对子带分离信号进行属性分析和处理;再根据处理后的子带分离信号和子带解混矩阵重构子带阵列信号,对重构的子带阵列信号采用频域压缩感知方法进行空间谱估计,得到各个子带的空间谱;最后将各子带得到的空间谱进行求和,搜索求和后空间谱的峰值则可实现目标方位估计。模拟器数据和海上实测数据验证结果表明,同等条件下该方法的目标检测能力优于经典的最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response,MVDR)方法、频域压缩感知(Compressed Sensing,CS)方法、盲源分离(Blind Source Separation,BSS)与MVDR相结合的方法(BSS+MVDR方法),测向精度更高,明显提高了弱目标信号的空间谱能量,增强了声呐检测弱目标的能力。      

采用条件波数谱密度函数的宽带高分辨方位谱估计算法

针对宽带高分辨方位估计存在方位估计偏差大、算法复杂度高等问题,提出了一种基于条件波数谱密度(Conditional Wavenumber Spectral Density based,CWSD-based)的宽带高分辨方位谱估计算法.该算法利用条件波数谱密度将阵列信号转换到频率-波数空间,宽带信号能量在该空间的坐标呈现与入射角相关的线性分布,通过借鉴直线检测原理,实现邻近目标的高分辨方位估计,且无需预估角度和信源数等信息。仿真结果表明,该算法理论分辨率与处理最高频率成反比,估计均方误差约为0.1°,对阵形畸变鲁棒,运算效率高。海上试验数据表明,本文方法在方位分辨率、弱目标检测、非目标向噪声抑制、稳健性等方面都优于宽带常规波束形成和最小方差无畸变算法,在实际海洋中可实现超低旁瓣高分辨波达方向估计。      

应用半正定规划的目标方位超分辨方法

针对水下目标方位超分辨估计问题,提出了一种基于半正定规划(Sdp)的常规波束(CBF)方位超分辨算法(SdpCBF).Sdp-CBF算法基于常规波束形成获得多目标方位谱数据,利用阵列响应矩阵和半正定规划技术,精确估计目标数量和波达角方向.该算法的本质是利用阵列特性和信号能量信息获得超分辨方位估计,不用进行子空间分解,通过卷积反演的方式将阵列孔径的有限效应消除,在L₂范数约束条件下重构空间谱.仿真表明,Sdp-CBF算法具有较强的噪声抑制能力,对非相干和相干信号均具有目标方位超分辨能力,在低信噪比环境下的方位分辨性能超过多重信号分类(MUSIC)等经典高分辨算法。对消声水池以及湖上实验数据的处理结果显示,Sdp-CBF算法在复杂环境中对相干信号及微弱信号具有较强的分辨能力。      

Spatial time-frequency DOA estimation based on joint diagonalization using Jacobi rotation

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation consists of locating closely spaced sources impinging from different directions in the presence of considerable noise or interference. Recently, this problem has been solved using spatial time-frequency distribution (STFD) information that is available in the array signals. In this work, a new joint diagonalization approach based on Jacobi rotation, which can efficiently combine all of the relevant STFD points, is proposed to achieve superior DOA resolutions and suppressed sidelobes in the spatial spectrum. It is discovered that our proposed Jacobi technique leads to a non-orthogonal joint diagonalization structure and can avoid pre-whitening the signal component of the observation. In addition, we further adopt the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) processor instead of the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm to avoid the estimation of the signal subspace and noise subspace in the time-frequency DOA domain. Finally, computer simulations of several frequently encountered types of challenging scenarios (such as low SNR and coherent arrivals) show that significant improvements are achieved by our proposed approach in comparison to the existing techniques.     

水声信号稀疏重构的高阶累积量波达方向估计

高阶累积量具有高斯噪声抑制和阵元扩展特性,将高阶累积量引入水声信号的方位估计中,提出了离格稀疏贝叶斯学习重构的高阶累积量测向算法。该方法利用高阶累积量对高斯噪声的自然盲性,计算阵列信号四阶累积量来滤除高斯噪声,使阵元在原来的结构上扩展了一倍;并构造出选择矩阵剔除了四阶累积量中的冗余项,能再一次的扩展阵元,得到的新观测模型具有更好的统计性能;最后利用空域稀疏性,推导出四阶累积量下的离格稀疏表示模型,采用贝叶斯学习解算出源信号的最大后验概率,实现了目标方位估计。数值仿真和海试实验数据表明,该方法在相邻声源方位间隔为4°的情况下分辨概率可达到95%以上,在信噪比大于-5 dB时目标方位估计的均方根误差在1°以内,可显著抑制背景噪声干扰,在多声源密集分布条件下也能准确、稳健的对水声目标方位进行估计。      

Direction of arrival estimation and signal recovery based on single snapshot compressed sensing in frequency domain

Direction of arrival(DOA) estimation and signal recovery is the base of the underwater target localization,tracking and recognition.Based on the compressed sensing theory,a method for DOA estimation and source signal recovery is proposed using the single snapshot processing of the received array signal in frequency domain.The received array signal are transformed to frequency domain,and the single snapshot data in frequency domain are regarded as the measured data of the compressed sensing.According to the frequency,searching orientation and array manifold,the overcomplete array manifold is constructed as the sensing matrix of the compressed sensing.Both the target signal and power of the searching orientation are estimated by the basis pursuit method to complete DOA estimation and signal recovery.Simulation results show that the proposed method has a number of advantages over the minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR) method,including improved robustness to noise,fewer requirement in number of sensors and snapshots.And the correlation coefficient of the signal reaches up to 0.89.Experiment results in real environments verify that the proposed method performs more effectively in the detection of weak targets than the MVDR method and can be applied to real sonar system.     

频域单快拍压缩感知目标方位估计和信号恢复方法

方位估计和信号恢复分别是水下目标定位、跟踪和目标识别的前提。提出了一种阵列频域单快拍压缩感知的水下目标方位估计和信号恢复方法。首先将阵列接收数据变换到频域,取频域单快拍数据作为压缩感知的测量值,然后根据频域快拍对应的频率、搜索方位和阵列流形构造过完备的阵列流形矩阵作为压缩感知的感知矩阵,最后通过基追踪算法估计搜索方位上目标信号和功率,实现DOA估计与信号恢复。宽带仿真实验数据验证结果表明,同等条件下完成同样的目标方位分辨,提出的方法比最小方差无失真响应方法要求的阵元数和快拍数较少,要求的信噪比更低,恢复的目标信号更加准确,波形相关系数达到89%以上。海上实验数据处理结果表明,目标检测能力优于最小方差无失真响应方法,证明该方法可以适用于实际声呐系统。