重离子束在微生物诱变育种及生物能源开发中的应用

作为一种新型的辐射诱变源, 重离子束在辐射诱变育种中的优越性已经显现。 在此基础上综述了重离子束用于微生物诱变育种的基本原理、 独特优点、 所取得的成果及研究进展, 并对其在新型生物能源开发中的潜力进行了展望。As a new radiation source, heavy ion beams have demonstrated the outstanding advantage in mutation breeding. Based on this background, the basic principal and unique peculiarity of heavy ion beams, the achievement and the progress in the research of microbial mutation breeding are reviewed in the paper. The potential application of heavy ion beams to new biological energy is also prospected.     

重离子束对北里链霉菌的诱变效应

考察不同剂量重离子束对北里链霉菌的致死及诱变效应, 可确定最有利于筛选高产菌株的重离子束辐照剂量。 利用不同剂量的重离子束辐照北里链霉菌孢子, 统计了存活率、 致死率、 正负突变率。 结果发现, 在5 Gy重离子辐照时北里链霉菌出现较高致死率, 其后随剂量升高, 致死率变化较平缓。 各辐照剂量下正负突变率相比较, 40 Gy时正突变率最高, 负突变率相对较低, 存活率为0.92%。 因此确定40 Gy是对北里链霉菌高产菌株筛选最有利的辐照剂量。 To define the optimum dose of heavy ion beams for selecting high productive strains, we should study mortality and mutation effects of Streptomyces kitasatoensis irradiated by heavy ion beams in diffe rent doses. In this research, spores of Streptomyces kitasatoensis were irradiated by heavy ion beams with different doses. And survival rate, mortality rate, positive mutation and negative mutation were analyzed statistically. The results showed that high mortality rate appeared from 5 Gy and then the mortality rate curve became gently. Compared the positive and negative mutations in different doses, highest positive mutation was obtained in 40 Gy, while the negative mutation was lower in this dose, and the survival rate was 0.92%. So we defined that optimum dose of heavy ions radiation for Streptomyces kitasatoensis selection was 40 Gy in this experiment.     

重离子辐射植物的诱变效应研究及应用

重离子生物技术已引起人们的广泛关注, 植物育种是重离子生物技术研究和应用的热点之一。 简要介绍了重离子的基本特征和在育种应用中的优势, 综述了重离子辐射对植物分子、 细胞、 个体3个水平的诱变效应研究及重离子辐射育种取得的进展。 Heavy ion biotechnology has received much attention since the mid 1980s, when the first mutagenic effect of heavy ion beams was found in rice. Since then, plant breeding is one of the focuses in heavy ion biotechnology. In this paper we outlined the recent developments in plant breeding by heavy ion beams. We introduced briefly the essential characteristics and superiority of heavy ion beams applied in plant breeding, and reviewed further the mutagenic research in three levels(e.g., molecular, cell and individual) of plants. At last, we summarized artificial mutants obtained in plants irradiated by heavy ion beams.     

低能重离子剂量-存活率效应及其拟合模型探讨

低能重离子注入生物体是20世纪80年代中期发展起来的一种诱变手段, 在诱变育种和放射医学等领域有巨大的应用前景。 物理辐照的剂量与存活率之间的关系是辐射生物学效应的最重要的关系之一, 低能离子与生物体相互作用的剂量 存活率曲线表现为特殊的马鞍型。 介绍了低能重离子的马鞍型剂量 存活率效应及其数学模型, 并探讨了模型拟合中存在的一些问题。 Low energy heavy ion implantation is an organism mutation method developed in middle of 1980s, which has a potential application in breeding and radiation therapy. The dose survival curve is a characteristic effect in radiobiology. Implanted with low energy heavy ions, organisms could manifest a Saddle like dose survival curve. In this article, the Saddle like dose survival effect and its modeling has been described, and several topics in model simulation are discussed.     

金属材料中高能重离子辐照效应的理论描述

简要介绍了高能重离子在金属材料中引起辐照效应的主要理论 ,特别是与电子能损引起的缺陷产生与演化、离子潜径迹形成、辐照相变以及各向异性塑性形变等效应相应的理论描述.Experimental results showed that, for high energy heavy ion irradiations, electronic energy loss could play a dominant role in damage process in solid materials. In order to explain the experimental phenomena and results, a series of theoretical models based on Coulomb explosion or thermal spike mechanisms have been proposed. In the present paper, more attention was paid to theoretical expressions of high energy heavy ion irradiation induced effects in metallic materials ...     

聚合物材料的快重离子辐照效应

简要介绍了快重离子辐照损伤的特点,通过与低电离辐射粒子辐照在聚合物材料中产生的效应的类比论述了快重离子辐照在聚合物材料中产生的效应及其研究现状 ,并结合快重离子辐照效应的应用展望了该领域未来的发展.The irradiation effects in polymers induced by swift heavy ions were reviewed in comparison with that induced by low ionization particles based on the characteristics of swift heavy ion irradiations. It is shown that bond breaking and cross linking, gas releasing, amorphization and carbonization of polymers depend strongly on the electronic energy loss. Besides special effects such as alkynes production, can be induced under swift heavy ion irradiation. The perspectives...     

离子束辐照拟南芥生物学效应及其分子机理研究进展

综述了离子束辐照拟南芥种子生物学效应、 生长发育变化、 向重力性等研究的最新进展。 阐释了离子束辐照拟南芥染色体DNA碱基变化、 DNA断裂或损伤、 染色体重组、 突变遗传性等分子机理。 探讨了离子束介导外源基因转化拟南芥的有效性和机理。 同时展望了辐照拟南芥分子机理研究中的辐射原初效应传递、 信号转导等其他机理研究及重离子辐射生物学效应的应用前景。 Newly research progresses were summarized in effect of ion beams on seed surface, biological effect, growth, development, gravitropism and so on. Furthermore, mutation molecular mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana was discussed, for example, alteration of DNA bases, DNA damage, chromosomal recombination, characteristics of mutant transmissibility, etc. Meanwhile, the achievements of transferring extraneous gene to Arabidopsis thaliana by ion beams were reviewed in the paper. At last, the future prospective are also discussed here in mutation molecular mechanism and the potential application of biological effect of heavy ion beams.     

高温核研究——评述和建议

本文简要评述了中能重离子物理中高温核研究的发展和现状.建议把它作为我国当前核物理研究的重点项目,在HIRFL 上开展研究. In this paper,the important development and current situation of hot nuclei researches inthe domain of intermediate energy heavy ion physics have been briefly reviewed.The suggestion oftaking it as a key project on HIRFL at the present stage of nuclear physics research in China was proposed.     

Cross Sections of Barium Isotopes in Interaction of 60 MeV／u ^18O with Natural Uranium

The reactions induced by heavy ions lower than 10 MeV/u have been studied widely. Their reaction mechanism has been also understood in more detail. The contribution to the reaction cross sections in the low energy reactions comes mainly from complex nuclei and deep inelastic process. Early studies mainly focused on the nuclear collisions of low and high energies. In the recent years, great attention has been paid on the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. Among them measurements of the cross sections and recoiling properties for the target fragmentation products have been applied widely to study the mechanism of the nuclear reactions induced by the intermediate energy heavy ions. But there are a few papers on raodioehemieal studies in the intermediate energy region up to now.     

核辐照技术在中药领域中的应用

核辐照应用于中药领域的研究得到人们广泛关注。综述了核辐照在中草药的栽培、育种和消毒等方面的应用, 指出辐照诱变技术与生物技术相结合将为提高细胞突变率和加快中草药遗传改良开辟广阔前景。The application of nuclear irradiation in the field of traditional Chinese medicine has received much attention. In this paper we reviewed the application of nuclear radiation on the cultivation, breeding and disinfection of traditional Chinese medicine, and pointed out that the combination of radiation induced mutagenesis and biological technology would promise broad prospects for increasing the cellular mutation rate and speeding up the genetic improvement of traditional Chinese medicine.     

Combined high pressure and heavy‐ion irradiation: a novel approach

Swift heavy‐ion irradiations of a wide variety of materials have been used to modify and manipulate the properties of solids at the nanoscale. Recently, these high‐energy irradiations have been successfully combined with high‐pressure experiments. Based on results obtained for zircon (ZrSiO₄), this paper introduces this new experimental approach involving diamond anvil cells and large ion‐accelerator facilities. This technique provides a wide spectrum of geoscience applications from nanoscale simulations of fission‐track formation under crustal conditions to phase transitions of radiation‐damaged minerals resulting from meteorite impact.     

固体材料中快重离子辐照损伤建立过程中的离子速度效应

快重离子辐照损伤建立过程中的离子速度效应是近年来才发现的,离子速度效应是指快重离子在固体材料中引起辐照损伤的损伤截面, 损伤效率和损伤形貌的离子速度相关性, 简要介绍了固体材料中快重离子辐照损伤建立过程中离子速度效应的发现、研究现状和主要实验结果, 并进行了尝试性评价.     

中能重离子核反应的碎裂、集体流和其同位旋效应

本文总结了中能重离子核反应的一般特征及热核反应与衰变过程的动力学、热力学和化学（同位旋组分）效应。尤其是，综合了作者在当前中能重离子核物理研究热点，如多重碎裂，“颈”发射，集体流及其同位旋物理等这些方面的系统性工作，作了较为完整深入的介绍，最后我们还对当前中能重离子核物理的发展前景作了扼要的介绍。     

中能重离子核反应的碎裂、集体流和其同位旋效应

本文总结了中能重离子核反应的一般特征及热核反应与衰变过程的动力学、热力学和化学 (同位旋组分 )效应。尤其是 ,综合了作者在当前中能重离子核物理研究热点 ,如多重碎裂、“颈”发射、集体流及其同位旋物理等这些方面的系统性工作 ,作了较为完整深入的介绍 ,最后我们还对当前中能重离子核物理的发展前景作了扼要的介绍。     

Damage production and annealing in ion-irradiated FCC metals

Abstract

Damage production, radiation annealing and stage I recovery in some FCC metals irradiated with ～ 1 MeV and ～ 100 MeV ions near 10 K are studied using electrical resistivity measurements. For ～ 1 MeV light and heavy ion irradiations, the fraction of stage I recovery and the damage efficiency decrease with the PKA median energy. For ～ 100 MeV heavy ion irradiations, an anomalous reduction of stage I recovery and a large cross-section for subthreshold recombination are found in Ni, and an enhancement of the damage efficiency is found in Cu; they are interpreted as due to the electron excitation by irradiating ions and the subsequent energy transfer from excited electrons to lattice atoms. Simultaneous differential equations describing the production and radiation annealing of two or more types of defects are solved, where the respective defect concentration is expressed as a function of fluence.     

中能核反应中碰撞参数的确定

介绍了中高能核反应过程中与碰撞参数相关的可观测量.确定碰撞参数的各种方法 ,以及这些方法的适用范围和可靠性.这些方法包括约化线性动量转移、带电离子多重性、横向动量的方向性、横向动能和纵向动能的比 Erat、 Zbound和椭圆流参量. Observables that related to the impact parameters in intermediate and relativistic energy heavy ion reactions were introduced. These observables that related to the impact parameter include linear momentum transfer, multiplicities of charged particles, the ratio of transverse kinetic energy and longitudinal kinetic energy E rat , the transverse momentum directivity, Z bound , elliptic flow etc. Impact parameter determination for intermediate and relativistic energy heavy...