低能量离子束轰击对碳纳米管中杂质的去除

采用低能量离子束对碳纳米管进行轰击。 扫描电子显微镜测试表明,离子束轰击可以方便地去除碳纳米管中的杂质,拉曼光谱结果显示离子束轰击没有对碳纳米管造成明显损伤。 以尿素作为杂质添加到碳纳米管中,经离子束轰击后发现尿素消失,说明离子束对杂质的去除机制为其溅射效应。     

基于水稻种子近红外特征光谱的品种鉴别方法研究

本文用MPA傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪研究了单粒水稻种子的漫反射光谱特征,发现颖壳对光谱扫描有影响,为了尽量消除这种影响,保证光谱的代表性,应对其上下表面分别进行多次光谱采集,取它们的平均光谱。本文利用种子品种特有的光谱特性,结合不同光谱预处理方法建立了多个聚类分析模型,比较它们对杂交F1代种子"03S/0412"和其父本种子"0412"的鉴别效果。结果显示:选择4000⁸900cm-1光谱范围,通过"无预处理"、"矢量归一化"、"二阶导数(25点平滑)"和"二阶导数(25点平滑)+矢量归一化"建立的模型校正集正确率分别为52.4%、65.2%、75.2%和100%,可见,相比无预处理,经过各种预处理后正确率都有提高,其中"二阶导数(25点平滑)+矢量归一化"建立的模型最好,用该模型对预测集预测,分类正确率也为100%,具有很好的预测性能。这说明近红外光谱技术可用于单粒水稻种子品种真伪性鉴别。     

近红外光谱法直接检测甜叶菊叶片甜菊糖苷模型建立

使用近红外光谱技术直接扫描甜叶菊干叶片,建立了甜菊苷(stevioside,ST)和莱鲍迪苷A(rebaudioside A,RA)的检测模型。对甜菊苷含量在0.27%~1.40%,莱鲍迪苷A含量在0.61%~3.98%范围内的不同品种的甜叶菊干叶片进行了近红外光谱扫描,共扫描了105份。采用偏最小二乘法建立甜菊糖苷的检测模型,比较了减去一条直线、多元散射校正、一阶导数和二阶导数等不同的光谱预处理方法对模型的影响。结果显示减去一条直线的数据预处理方法为ST的最优建模方法。ST校正集相关系数为0.986,校正均方根误差为0.341,预测均方根误差为1.00,相对分析误差为2.8;RA采用无光谱预处理建模,RA的建模结果相关系数为0.967,校正均方根误差为1.50,预测均方根误差为1.98,相对分析误差为4.17。说明近红外光谱技术检测甜叶菊干叶片中ST和RA的含量具有一定的可行性。同时与甜叶菊粉末ST模型结果相关系数为0.986,校正均方根误差为0.32,预测均方根误差为0.601,相对分析误差为2.86和RA模型结果相关系数为0.968,校正均方根误差为1.50,预测均方根误差为1.48,相对分析误差为4.2相比差异不明显。但减少了叶片粉末检测过程中的烘干、研磨的步骤,节省了时间,降低了工作量。     

基于NIRS技术的复合化肥成分定量分析及应用研究

提出了一种基于近红外漫反射光谱测定复合肥料中尿素、缩二脲和水分等成分含量的新方法。文中在对原始光谱进行预处理后建立了检测这三种成分含量的偏最小二乘(PLS)模型,其检验决定系数R2值分别为0.986 1和0.971 3,所建立模型的交互验证均方根误差RMSECV分别为2.59,0.38,0.132,模型预测相关因子分别为0.973 3,0.921 5,0.967 9;从市售的复合化肥中选取六种样品验证模型的准确性,其相关因子分别为0.923 7,0.978 6,0.987 4。研究结果表明,该方法可以对复合肥料中尿素、缩二脲和水分等成分含量进行快速测定,与传统分析方法相比具有分析时间短、操作简便、环保无污染等优点,有较好的应用前景和实际意义。     

低能重离子剂量-存活率效应及其拟合模型探讨

低能重离子注入生物体是20世纪80年代中期发展起来的一种诱变手段, 在诱变育种和放射医学等领域有巨大的应用前景。 物理辐照的剂量与存活率之间的关系是辐射生物学效应的最重要的关系之一, 低能离子与生物体相互作用的剂量 存活率曲线表现为特殊的马鞍型。 介绍了低能重离子的马鞍型剂量 存活率效应及其数学模型, 并探讨了模型拟合中存在的一些问题。 Low energy heavy ion implantation is an organism mutation method developed in middle of 1980s, which has a potential application in breeding and radiation therapy. The dose survival curve is a characteristic effect in radiobiology. Implanted with low energy heavy ions, organisms could manifest a Saddle like dose survival curve. In this article, the Saddle like dose survival effect and its modeling has been described, and several topics in model simulation are discussed.     

低能离子诱导拟南芥基因组不稳定性的研究

体细胞同源重组产生的DNA重排、 缺失和复制等是基因组不稳定的重要指标, 以拟南芥菜GUS基因重组报告系R2L100和R3L66为实验材料, 以体细胞同源重组频率（每个植株上的GUS斑点数目）作为评估标准, 研究低能Ar+离子和α粒子辐射对植物基因组稳定性的影响。 结果表明: 30 keV的Ar+离子辐照拟南芥干种子, 在500×1013—3 000×1013 ions/cm2剂量范围内, 同源重组频率与对照相比明显升高, 最大值是对照的2.4倍; 3.3 MeV的α粒子辐照萌发4 d后的幼苗, 同源重组频率随着剂量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势, 最大值是对照的1.9倍, 对应的辐照剂量是10 Gy。 以上实验结果表明, 低穿透能力的辐射能有效增加植物基因组的不稳定性。 α粒子辐照拟南芥菜幼苗的根, 未受到辐照的地上部分的同源重组频率较对照增加2.5倍, 表明低能离子诱导的基因组不稳定信号在植物个体水平是可以长程输运的。 以上结果从另一个侧面解释了低能离子的诱变机制。 The somatic homologous recombination was frequently used to evaluate genome stability because it can result in DNA changes, such as rearrangement, deletion and duplication. In this paper, we used Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic for GUS recombination substrate (R2L100 and R3L66) to study the genomic instability induced by low energy ion and α particle characteristic of short penetrating properties. The dry seeds of R3L66 line were irradiated by 30 keV Argon ion, the Homologous Recombination Frequency (HRF) had a significant increase at dose range of 500×1013—3 000×1013 ions/cm2. The highest level of HRF was 2.42 fold over the control. The 3.3 MeV α particles were used to radiate 4 day old seedlings of R2L100 line. The HRFs had a dose dependent increase at dose of 1—10 Gy, and a dose dependent decrease at 10—100 Gy. The highest level of HRF induced by α particle was 1.9 fold over control at the dose of 10 Gy. These results indicate that short penetrating irradiation can effectively trigger the plant genomic instability at the level of plant. The local irradiation on the roots of R2L100 by α particle resulted in a 2.5 fold increase of HRF in non irradiated aerial plant,which indicates that a signal of genomic instability generated by α particle radiation can systemically travel in whole plant. It is possible that the genome instability induced by low energy ion is a major part of its mutagenic mechanism.     

影响激光诱导等离子体稳定性的因素研究

采用1064nm的激光对炉渣样品进行烧蚀,分析了影响炉渣中信号稳定性的一些因素。激光能量在小范围波动(±2%)对信号的稳定性影响很小,参考激光能量和光谱信号强度无明显关系。当激光频率降低至4Hz以下时,信号的相对标准偏差下降至10%左右。当激光聚焦位置位于样品表面下3mm时信号强度和稳定性最优。熔渣样品信号的稳定性高于粉渣样品,不同渣系的炉渣的稳定性也不相同。对于原子线,不同点烧蚀的稳定性远远优于单点烧蚀稳定性,而对于离子谱线,两种不同的烧蚀稳定性差别不大。     

12C6+离子束诱变水稻籽粒Cd低积累突变体的研究

筛选低Cd积累水稻品种是控制稻米Cd含量的最直接有效的办法之一。本研究对重离子辐照的中籼9311（Oryza sativa L）后代,利用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测,对曝露在不同Cd含量（含Cd量为19.8 mg·kg-1镉池和含Cd量为2.721 mg·kg-1的污染农田）中进行M2代Cd低吸收突变单株筛选,研究重离子辐照水稻籽粒Cd吸收的突变率以及比较不同Cd含量曝露下的筛选效率。结果显示:重离子辐照可以诱发水稻籽粒Cd积累量的变异,其突变频率为3:398%±0:009（P<0:05）;初筛获得78株籽粒较WT Cd吸收差异显著的突变体,进一步对其种植,分析M3代籽粒Cd含量。结果表明,重离子辐照诱变水稻突变体突变率高,遗传稳定,高Cd含量曝露下筛选效率更高,突变体水稻籽粒中Cd的积累存在着明显的差异,产生Cd积累差异的基因型丰富;相关性分析表明,M2代和M3代糙米中Cd含量存在显著相关性r=0:8210（P<0:01）,M3代获得23株遗传性良好且Cd含量差异显著的突变体水稻,其中Cd含量低于国家标准0.2 mg·kg-1突变体3株。表明筛选出的水稻突变体,在吸收转运Cd的过程中,存在差异且能稳定遗传,可供进一步研究培育籽粒Cd低积累的水稻品种。Screening low-cadmium rice cultivar is the most directly and effective way to control cadmium content in rice grain. We screened low-cadmium rice mutant of M2 generation exposed in different Cd concentration (the pool contaminated with 19.8 mg Cd·kg-1 and the paddy field contaminated with 2.721 mg Cd·kg-1) from rice mutants(9311, Oryza sativa L) induced by 12C6+ ion beam, and explored the mutation rate of 12C6+ ion beam irradiation and the screening efficiency of different Cd concentration exposed, all of the detections were carried out by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrum(GFAAS). The results showed that the mutation rate is 3:398%±0:009(P<0:05) and high Cd concentration exposed has more efficiency in screening low-Cd rice mutant. Correlation analysis show significant correlation of Cd in rice grain between M2 and M3 generations, r=0:8210(P<0:01); We obtained 23 mutant strains with significant Cd concentration difference and they had a great genetic stability. Among them, three strains' Cd concentrations were lower than the national standard (0.2 mg·kg-1). They can used for further study on cultivating new rice varieties of low Cd accumulation in rice gain.     

α粒子辐照诱导拟南芥菜早期远程表观遗传改变研究

由于低能离子较低的组织穿透能力, 其诱变机理一直是研究者争论的问题。 近年来, 本研究组的一系列研究工作已经证明在植物中存在辐射远程（诱变）效应, 从一个新的角度解释了低能离子的诱变机理, 然而依然无法解释低能离子辐照中的许多独特生物现象, 而这些现象均具有明显的表观遗传学特性。 以表观遗传学最具标志性特征的胞嘧啶甲基化为研究对象, 以α粒子 拟南芥菜根辐照实验体系作为研究平台, 检测了远程组织(器官)甲基化相关基因 AtDML3 的表达及特定基因片段的甲基化水平。 研究证实, 在植物个体水平辐射可以诱导远程表观遗传的变化, 为进一步探索低能离子的诱变机理提供了新的思路。 Along the way, the mutagenic mechanism of low energy ions irradiation is a debatable issue. Recently, the existence of radiation induced long range (mutagenic) effects in vivo in plants has been performed in a series of studies of our group, which account for the mutagenesis of low energy ions irradiation in a new perspective. However, numerous distinct biology phenomena remain to be addressed, which bear obvious characteristics to epigenetic. In the present study, using the expression of methylation related AtDML3 gene and methylation level of specific gene segments as end points, the methylation of cytosine, the most important feature of epigenetic, was investigated. It was shown that, in A. thaliana, root loca lized α irradiation could induce epigenetic changes in aerial parts which avoided the direct irradiation. The radiation induced long range epigenetic changes were confirmed in this study, which supplied innovative ideas for the further investigation of the mutagenetic mechanism of low energy ions irradiation.     

Single long-polymer translocation through a long pore

This paper theoretically studies the free energy and conformational entropy of a long polymer threading a long nanopore (n₀/N \ge 0.1) on external electric field. The polymer expanded model is built in this paper, that is, a single long polymer chain with N monomers (each of size a) threading a pore with n₀ monomers can be regarded as polymer with N+n_{0} monomers translocating a 2-dimension hole embedded in membrane. A theoretical approach is presented which explicitly takes into account the nucleation theory. Our calculations imply that, the structure of polymer changes more acutely than other situation, while its leading monomer reaches the second vacuum and its end monomer escapes the first vacuum. And it is also shown that the length scale of polymer and pore play a very important role for polymer translocation dynamics. The present model predicts that the translocation time depends on the chemical potential gradient and the property of the solvent on sides of pore to some extent.