A Survivable Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network with Both Point-to-Point Service and Broadcast Service Delivery

Abstract

A survivable wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network enabling both point-to-point service and broadcast service is presented and demonstrated. This architecture provides an automatic traffic recovery against feeder and distribution fiber link failure, respectively. In addition, it also simplifies the protection design for multiple services transmission in wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks.     

偏振模色散及非线性效应对40 Gbit/s密集波分复用系统的影响

高速率、大容量的密集波分复用系统是光纤通信系统的最终发展方向 ,单信道速率达到 4 0Gbit/s时 ,光纤的非线性效应、偏振模色散现象对系统的影响更加突出。在综合考虑群速度色散、自相位调制、交叉相位调制、四波混合、偏振模色散等因素的基础上 ,推导了密集波分复用系统中任意信道的耦合非线性薛定谔方程组。利用扩展的分步傅里叶方法对该方程进行了数值计算 ,通过对 8× 4 0Gbit/s密集波分复用系统的仿真 ,分别研究了非线性效应和偏振模色散对密集波分复用系统的影响。发现由于交叉相位调制和四波混合作用 ,多波长的密集波分复用系统比单波系统受非线性效应影响严重 ;系统受偏振模色散与非线性效应的影响程度与输入信号功率有关 ,在入射光单信道平均功率较低 0 .1mW时 ,偏振模色散是影响系统性能的主要因素 ;当入射光单信道平均功率较高1mW时 ,系统受非线性效应影响严重。而偏振模色散在使信号脉冲展宽的同时 ,类似于非零色散位移光纤中的微小色散 ,对非线性效应又有一定的抑制作用。     

空分复用光纤研究综述

在多媒体和数据应用程序快速扩展和驱动骨干网带宽需求量迅速增长的网络背景下,时分、波分、偏分复用技术与多级调制方式结合,使得大容量传输系统中单模光纤容量快速接近香农理论极限。空分复用(SDM)技术可以突破该限制,为未来光纤容量增长提供新的解决方案。通过讨论多芯光纤、少模/多模光纤和少模多芯光纤三种SDM技术方案,详细介绍了SDM光纤的研究进展及研究方法,同时对三种光纤方案进行对比,阐明了各种方案的优劣性。     

A Wavelength and Bandwidth Assignment Algorithm to Support Guaranteed Bandwidth Levels in Hybrid Time Division Multiplexing/Wavelength Division Multiplexing Ethernet Passive Optical Networks

Abstract

A novel bandwidth assignment algorithm in wavelength division multiplexing Ethernet passive optical networks, called a dynamic wavelength assignment service level agreement, is proposed to efficiently provide subscriber differentiation. Simulation results show that the dynamic wavelength assignment service level agreement outperforms other bandwidth allocation algorithms in wavelength division multiplexing Ethernet passive optical networks, as it makes a fairer bandwidth distribution than other methods and is able to overcome the non-allowed packet fragmentation of the Ethernet passive optical network standard. Consequently, it greatly increases the achieved throughput and always ensures a minimum guaranteed bandwidth to every priority subscriber. Furthermore, the new algorithm obtains lower mean packet delay and packet loss rate for the highest priority subscribers when compared with other bandwidth distribution schemes in wavelength division multiplexing Ethernet passive optical networks.     

Analysis of Methods of Performance Evaluation of Direct-Detection Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Communication Systems

Abstract

The performance assessment of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals in direct-detection transmission systems by using the error vector magnitude and several bit error ratio approaches is analyzed and compared through numerical simulation. It is shown that excellent accuracy of the bit error ratio estimates is obtained by a semi-analytical Gaussian approach for all the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system configurations analyzed and that the error vector magnitude only provides reliable estimates of the system performance when the system is dominantly impaired by noise. Additionally, a novel Q-factor approach for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing optical signals showing improved bit error ratio estimates is also presented.     

基于时分复用和窄波长扫描激光的长距离光纤布喇格光栅传感系统

提出了一种通过提高长距离光纤布喇格光栅传感系统容量,从而实现多传感点参量测量的新方法.采用时分复用、窄波长范围扫描激光方式,将多个中心波长相近的低反射率光纤布喇格光栅放置于系统的不同位置,构成准分布式光纤传感系统,实现了多个传感点参量的同时测量.同时提出了采用掺铒光纤和喇曼混合放大方法来延长传感距离.在系统的中间加入一个喇曼泵浦进行喇曼放大以此补偿光纤布喇格光栅反射的信号,系统末端的掺铒光纤利用前面喇曼泵浦剩余的泵浦功率产生自发辐射光并放大传感信号,使得整个系统的传感距离延长.实验证实：将三只中心波长均在1 580 nm附近,反射率均小于4%的光纤布喇格光栅,分别放置在系统的不同位置,在200 km处获得了15 dB的信噪比,反射信号明显|并且在200 km处的静态应变和温度实验中,线性度均达到了0.999以上.     

A Novel Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network Based on Self-Seeding Light Source and Doubling Wavelength-Utilized Rate

Abstract

A wavelength-utilized rate-doubled wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network based on a self-seeding light source is proposed. The effect of distributed fiber length and power division ratio on the upstream-signal power is analyzed; the result indicates that raising the power division ratio can increase the upstream-signal power when it is lower than 0.86. The power difference between upstream signals caused by the length difference of distributed fibers is also expanded with power division ratio; thus, the power division ratio should be decreased to a proper level to reduce the power difference when the length difference is too large.     

Optimum Compensator Positioning to Reduce Four-Wave Mixing in Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Communication Systems Using Dispersion-Managed Fibers

Abstract

The impact of the compensator's location along the optical fiber on a variation of four-wave mixing power penalty is investigated theoretically and numerically for dispersion-managed fibers in wavelength division multiplexing systems. The power penalty is analyzed for fibers with different attenuation coefficients and lengths, and the optimum positions for the compensator along the fiber is discussed in cases of both dispersion compensation of each fiber section between two amplifiers and whole-compensation.     

Absolute polar duty cycle division multiplexing over wavelength division multiplexing system

The performance of absolute polar duty cycle division multiplexing (AP-DCDM) over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system is presented based on the simulation results. The AP-DCDM signal has narrower bandwidth than conventional time division multiplexing (TDM) signal, which makes its implementation in WDM system advantageous. In this paper, characteristics of AP-DCDM and TDM signals in WDM system are compared at the speed of 40 Gbit/s per channel, for the minimum allowed channel spacing and the chromatic dispersion tolerance. The results clearly show that AP-DCDM performs significantly better than TDM. By using AP-DCDM, 1.28 Tbit/s (32 × 40 Gbit/s) was successfully transmitted over 320 km standard single mode fiber. Spectral efficiency of 0.64 b/s/Hz was achieved by using 10 Gbit/s transmitters and receivers without polarization multiplexing.     

低泵浦功率的遥泵放大在超长跨距密集波分复用系统中的应用

针对长跨距密集波分复用系统中喇曼放大入纤泵浦功率过大的问题，将遥泵放大器（RP-EDFA）引入到系统中，通过对共纤RP-EDFA的噪音性能及其优化设计的研究，在理论上计算比较了RP-EDFA系统和后向喇曼放大系统在不同泵浦功率水平下的光信噪比和非线性相移，表明遥泵放大技术有效降低了入纤泵浦的功率水平，更适合长跨距应用.运用遥泵放大技术，对一个典型的长跨距系统进行系统Q值的模拟，结果表明：在 220 mW泵浦功率水平下可以实现跨距为 167 km的40×11.6 Gbit/s系统1000 km传输，Q值裕量4.4 dB.     

Bidirectional Wavelength Reconfigurable Module Based on Tunable Fiber Bragg Grating and Remote Pump Amplifier

Abstract

This article presents a novel bidirectional wavelength reconfigurable optical network utilizing a remotely pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier and tunable fiber Bragg gratings. The system is experimentally demonstrated at a 10-Gb/s per channel over 20-km fiber span that verifies the metro-network range system performance. The achieved power penalty is less than 1 dB when compared to the back-to-back transmission link. An example of practical application where the proposed module is used as an add/drop multiplexer and a remote node in the bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network system is described.     

Duty-cycle-division-multiplexing: Bit error rate estimation and performance evaluation

An improved estimation of bit-error-rate (BER) for electrically multiplexed duty-cycle division multiplexing (E-DCDM), which is based on the probability of error, is presented. Performance of 3 × 10 Gbit/s E-DCDM is investigated in terms of optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and dispersion tolerance. This technique requires 29.4 dB OSNR and can tolerate ±96 ps/nm chromatic dispersion for the worst user.     

偏振复用系统中解复用端的偏振控制算法

介绍了一种基于局部粒子群算法来实现偏振复用系统中的偏振控制。在偏振复用系统的接收端，该算法通过对偏振控制器相位延迟的调整，实现调整接收端光信号的偏振态，从而恢复因光纤链路的不完美性而造成改变的偏振态，达到降低误码率的目的。该方法无需目标函数，具有高可导性，从而避免了局部收敛和所附加的复位问题。实验结果表明，基于局部PSO算法的偏振控制器能够将任意输入的偏振态转换为目标线偏振态，误差控制在0．5％以内。     

2x40 Gbit/s Polarization Division Multiplexing With Bit Slot Synchronization

Polarization division multiplexing (PDM) can double the spectral efficiency of an optical transmission system. By means of simulation, the 2x40Gbit/s NRZ PDM system performance under polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and chromatic dispersion has been investigated. To realize the best performance, the bit slots of the two channels should be synchronized.     

Joint nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion pre-compensation for coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems

This paper introduces a joint nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion pre-compensation method for coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems. The research results show that this method can reduce the walk-off effect and can therefore equalize the nonlinear impairments effectively. Compared with the only other existing nonlinearity pre-compensation method, the joint nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion pre-compensation method is not only suitable for low-dispersion optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system, but also effective for high-dispersion optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing transmission system with higher input power but without optical dispersion compensation. The suggested solution does not increase computation complexity compared with only nonlinearity pre-compensation method. For 40 Gbit/s coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing 20×80 km standard single-mode fibre system, the suggested method can improve the nonlinear threshold (for Q > 10 dB) about 2.7, 1.2 and 1.0 dB, and the maximum Q factor about 1.2, 0.4 and 0.3 dB, for 2, 8 and 16 ps/(nm·km) dispersion coefficients.     

用于波分复用系统的多峰干涉滤光片

介绍了用于波分复用系统的多峰干涉滤光片的设计原理,提出了滤光片透射峰位置的确定方法,讨论了影响滤光片半宽度和截止度的因素,给出了滤光片的膜厚容差分析结果,表明透射率监控标准偏差在<0.5%范围内,可以得到波形良好的多峰滤光片,最后给出了实验结果.     

Effects of pulse chirp on supercontinuum produced in dispersion decreasing fibre

The supercontinuum (SC) source plays a key role in wavelength division multiplexing over the optical time division multiplexing (WDM/OTDM) transmission system. The SC produced in dispersion decreasing fibre (DDF) is wider and flatter than that produced in dispersion shifted fibre (DSF). In this paper, a SC producing process in DDF is numerically simulated, the effects of pump pulse chirp on the SC width and flatness are initially studied and the corresponding theoretical explanations are given. Particularly, we have analysed and compared the evolutions of the SC along DDF pumped by different chirp pulses. Several valuable conclusions are obtained.     

双折射光纤中偏振复用技术的三阶色散抑制和补偿

针对三阶色散对零色散波长附近光脉冲偏振复用技术的破坏作用，提出了使用色散平坦光纤来抑制三阶色散的影响。然而用色散平坦光纤只能在脉冲短距离传输时有效，故提出用正负三阶色散交替的光纤补偿三阶色散对光脉冲偏振复用技术的影响。研究发现该补偿方案能有效地抵消线路的总三阶色散，实现了偏振脉冲长距离稳定传输。     

Crosstalk Elimination in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Networks: Implementation and Theory

Abstract

Data traffic for multiple independent data channels can be simultaneously transmitted over a dense wavelength division multiplexing network with complete segregation. A limiting amplifier applied to each channel after the optical to electrical conversion eliminates crosstalk.     

A novel multilevel coding technique for high speed optical fiber communication systems

This paper delineates a novel coding technique, a combination of coding and multiplexing technique, known as mapping multiplexing technique (MMT). A mapping algorithm is used to multiplex four channels, each of which running at 10 Gbit/s. Up to four bits per symbol at a symbol rate of 10 Gboud was successfully transmitted over a single wavelength. Compare to the conventional return to zero (RZ) and none-return to zero (NRZ)-time division multiplexing (TDM) more than 75% and 50% reduction in the spectral width are achieved, respectively. Calculated chromatic dispersion tolerance of ±130 ps/nm is achieved for the 40 Gbit/s MMT transmission system at the expense of ∼2 dB degradation in the receiver sensitivity (compared to NRZ) due to an increase in the number of levels and in the signal dependency of signal-spontaneous beat noise. In comparison with conventional 4-ary system, the proposed system depicts ∼6.5 dB improvement in terms of receiver sensitivity.