磁熵变测量实验装置

简述了磁熵概念及磁熵变测量原理,介绍了应用于教学的磁熵变测量实验装置.利用该装置测量了金属钆在0～50℃温度范围,最大磁场为2T的等温磁化曲线,计算了不同温度下的磁熵变.     

超导楞次定律实验装置

超导楞次定律实验装置由磁块、3个金属环(铜、铝和不锈钢)和1个超导环以及导向管组成.除了传统楞次定律实验装置的展示内容,该装置还可以展示磁块在超导环上的悬浮现象,磁块在穿过金属环和超导环时的受力情况不同.     

从实验原理出发 攻破2 0 1 6年高考 全国卷 Ⅰ 物理电学实验题

20 1 6年高考全国卷 Ⅰ 物理电学实验题实验情境较新颖, 考生需要根据已有知识和题目条件正确理解 实验原理, 才能对该题迎刃而解. 从详细解读该题的实验原理出发, 阐述如何攻破该题并提出相应的教学建议     

基于亥姆霍兹线圈的磁聚焦实验研究

设计了磁聚焦现象观测实验仪器,使用亥姆霍兹线圈和透明的阴极射线管,能够直接观测到磁聚焦现象中粒子的整体运动轨迹区域,直观地展示了磁聚焦现象.同时该仪器还能够利用磁聚焦法测量带电粒子比荷,演示带电粒子的静电偏转效应以及磁效应.     

第31届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛力学实验题解答及分析

介绍第31届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛力学实验题及其解答,并分析了该实验题的设计思想、特点与要求.     

第1届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛力学实验题解答及分析

介绍第1届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛力学实验题及其解答,并分析了该实验题的设计思想、特点与要求.     

自制磁体失磁的演示实验

为了激发学生物理的兴趣,利用生活中的简易材料自制了磁体高温失磁的演示实验装置,本文简要介绍了该实验的演示过程和现象.     

反射法间接测量物体形状问题的分析--第六届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题之一

介绍了第六届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题中光学黑盒子实验,该题利用光反射方法,判断黑盒子里物体形状,其貌似简单,但要得到好的结果需要有创造性的思维.本文给出了该题实验分析及结果.     

磁热效应演示实验

简述了磁热效应的原理及磁致冷技术的发展现状.使用纳米磁流体为工作物质设计了室温磁热效应演示实验,通过灵敏电流计光标的偏转角度显示温度的变化.     

第1届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛热学与电学综合实验题解答及分析

介绍了第1届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛热学与电学综合实验题及其解答,并分析了该实验题的设计思想、特点与要求.     

Pulsar braking:magnetodipole vs.wind

Pulsars are good clocks in the universe. One fundamental question is that why they are good clocks? This is related to the braking mechanism of pulsars. Nowadays pulsar timing is done with unprecedented accuracy. More pulsars have braking indices measured.The period derivative of intermittent pulsars and magnetars can vary by a factor of several. However, during pulsar studies, the magnetic dipole braking in vacuum is still often assumed. It is shown that the fundamental assumption of magnetic dipole braking(vacuum condition) does not exist and it is not consistent with the observations. The physical torque must consider the presence of the pulsar magnetosphere. Among various efforts, the wind braking model can explain many observations of pulsars and magnetars in a unified way. It is also consistent with the up-to-date observations. It is time for a paradigm shift in pulsar studies: from magnetic dipole braking to wind braking. As one alternative to the magnetospheric model, the fallback disk model is also discussed.     

中子星制动机制的研究

中子星的制动机制是中子星研究中的基本问题。磁偶极辐射模型给出中子星的制动指数为3,而所有观测到的中子星的制动指数都小于3,这表明中子星除磁偶极辐射之外还存在其他的转动能量损失方式。考虑中子星的转动动能损失来自:磁偶极辐射、由于单极感应引起的粒子流逃逸以及中子星和量子真空摩引起的能量损失。基于这3 种辐射机制,给出了改进后的中子星能量损失功率的计算公式和周期对时间一阶导数与周期的依赖关系。考察了6 颗中子星( J1119–6127, B1509–58, J1846–0258,B0531+21, B0540–69 和B0833–45 ) 的周期-周期一阶导数关系,制动指数、表面磁场强度以及磁倾角之间的关系。研究表明,星风效应中,真空间隙电势差为常数时磁倾角只能在有限范围内取值,而其他情况下磁倾角在0s 90°之间连续取值。The neutron stars’ braking mechanism is a fundamental problem in the study of neutron stars. The braking index exactly equal to 3 in pure magnetodipole radiation model, however, all the observed braking index of rotationpowered pulsars is less than 3. This indicates that the additional energy loss ways must exist besides the magnetodipole radiation. The magnetodipole radiation, the ejection of particle outflow and quantum vacuum friction are considered as the source of the loss of rotational kinetic energy of rotation-powered pulsars. Based on the three mechanism of loss of the energy, the relation between the period of pulsars and the first derivative of the period to time and the pulsars’ energy losing power are given. The relationship of the periods and the first derivative of the periods of six pulsars(J1119−6127,B1509−58, J1846−0258, B0531+21, B0540−69 and B0833−45) is studied. The relation between the surface magnetic field intensity and the magnetic inclination is discussed. Research shows that when the electric potential difference of vacuum gap is a constant the inclination angle is limited in a smaller range and in the other cases the inclination is the continuous value between 0∼90 degrees.     

Magnetic field rotation in the screw gallium flow

The magnetic field induced by the nonstationary screw flow of gallium in a toroidal channel has been investigated experimentally using a gallium prototype of the sodium apparatus developed in the frame of the experimental dynamo program at the Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Perm, Russia. The experimental set-up is a rapidly rotating toroidal channel subjected to abrupt braking. The screw flow is initiated by inertial forces pushing liquid gallium through diverters. The regular structure of the induced magnetic field is generated about 0.1 s after the stop of the channel and persists up to 1 s. The induced field is measured by sensors placed outside the channel. The inductive effects observed are attributed to the mean screw flow. The decay laws of the induced regular magnetic field and turbulent magnetic fluctuations are studied.Received: 27 August 2004, Published online: 5 November 2004PACS: 47.65. + a Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics - 07.55.Dd Generation of magnetic fields     

On Undulator Radiation in Infrared and Millimeter Wave Ranges: Part 1—Classical Description

In this paper the results of theoretical and experimental research of the motion and radiation of low-voltage electron beams in Motz undulator are given. Constant magnetic field of undulator ordinary magnet under some conditions can be substituted for field of magnet dipole. Such substitution allows us to accurately integrate the electron trajectory. We can with the high accuracy consider this field as chaotic and this fact allow us to use well-known Ginsburg theory for estimation of power of braking radiation. There are longitudinal and transversal components of magnetic fields of described structure. The longitudinal component can be gained by covering of external longitudinal constant magnetic field. In this connection certain resonance effects are observed.     

EAST中n=4共振磁扰动下等离子体的环向旋转制动

在EAST中n=4的共振磁扰动下观察到明显的等离子体旋转制动效应，其分布具有全局性，且峰值靠近等离子体中心。利用模拟得到的新经典环向粘滞(NTV)力矩来反演等离子体环向角速度的变化，结果表明在大部分径向区域与实验测量的速度变化符合得较好，量值上相差约1~2倍。     

Plasma jet braking: energy dissipation and nonadiabatic electrons

We report in situ observations by the Cluster spacecraft of wave-particle interactions in a magnetic flux pileup region created by a magnetic reconnection outflow jet in Earth's magnetotail. Two distinct regions of wave activity are identified: lower-hybrid drift waves at the front edge and whistler-mode waves inside the pileup region. The whistler-mode waves are locally generated by the electron temperature anisotropy, and provide evidence for ongoing betatron energization caused by magnetic flux pileup. The whistler-mode waves cause fast pitch-angle scattering of electrons and isotropization of the electron distribution, thus making the flow braking process nonadiabatic. The waves strongly affect the electron dynamics and thus play an important role in the energy conversion chain during plasma jet braking.     

Identification of a low plasma-rotation threshold for stabilization of the resistive-wall mode

The plasma rotation necessary for stabilization of resistive-wall modes (RWMs) is investigated by controlling the toroidal plasma rotation with external momentum input by injection of tangential neutral beams. The observed threshold is 0.3% of the Alfvén velocity and much smaller than the previous experimental results obtained with magnetic braking. This low critical rotation has a very weak beta dependence as the ideal wall limit is approached. These results indicate that for large plasmas such as in future fusion reactors with low rotation, the requirement of the additional feedback control system for stabilizing RWM is much reduced.     

Magnetic Braking and Energy Loss in Contactless Bearings Based on Superconducting Tapes

Technical Physics - We consider magnetic braking and energy loss appearing in contactless bearings based on high-temperature superconducting tapes. We analyze model configurations of bearings in...     

基于车用电涡流缓速器温度场分析控制系统设计

随着车辆向大型化,高速化的发展趋势,车辆正常行驶制动能量增加,传统的摩擦制动器已经难以满足使用要求,很容易诱发一些故障。电涡流缓速器以其非接触无摩擦,响应时间短,无明显时间滞后,工作时噪声很小,能够提供车辆正常行驶85%的制动功率等优点成为新型的车辆辅助制动系统。本文采用ANSYS软件实现电涡流缓速器转子盘的二维温度场分析,对不同宽度的转筒式电涡流缓速器的温度分布进行数据采集,建立转筒式电涡流缓速器转筒的二维模型,采用虚拟边界法进行简化处理,然后根据系统不同的载荷和约束条件进行温度场控制系统建模。最后本文做了大量的仿真实验,模拟了依据不同的制动力矩,不同的磁路结构以及转子盘温升来分析对汽车制动性的影响。     

Numerical simulation of the field distribution produced by the SP-40 magnet of the MARUSYA setup and comparison of simulation results with experimental data

In terms of the magnetostatic problem in the differential statement, a mathematical simulation of the 3D distribution of the magnetic field generated by the SP-40 magnet of the MARUSYA experimental setup (Laboratory of High Energies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna) is carried out. The mathematical statement of the direct magnetostatic problem is given. Computational procedures and field calculation algorithms with one vector and two scalar potentials are described. The simulated magnetic field distribution is compared with experimental data for the field of the modified SP-40 magnet with a pole spacing of 0.207 m. The results of this work are used in experimental data processing and are also helpful in simulation of magnetooptic systems.