1.31μm附近水汽分子的自加宽系数、氮气加宽系数的测量

采用窄线宽二极管激光器与1 km的怀特池相结合来提高光谱探测灵敏度,最小可探测谱线吸收强度为10-27cm-1/(molecule.cm-2)。根据记录的光谱数据精确计算出7599~7616 cm-1波段内水汽分子的谱线强度、自加宽系数和氮气加宽系数,实验结果与HITRAN96和HITRAN2004数据库进行了比较,存在一些差异。测量的谱线参量与HITRAN96相接近,与HITRAN2004相差较大,有7条HITRAN96中没有的新谱线被观测,有5条在HITRAN2004数据库中被证实,另外观测到2条谱线在HITRAN96中被列出,而在HITRAN2004没有给出。     

高灵敏度离轴积分腔输出光谱技术

利用离轴积分腔输出光谱技术,采用同时扫描激光和谐振腔腔长的方法,使用分布反馈布拉格二极管激光器探测了1.573μm附近CO2的吸收光谱,得到很好的信噪比和灵敏度,探测灵敏度达到4×10-8cm-1(信噪比为2,1 s积分时间)。用非线性最小二乘拟合吸收谱线方法对积分腔输出光谱已经不再适用,会造成自加宽系数变宽为实际自加宽系数的2.39倍左右,对空气加宽系数测量影响较小。为了得到正确的谱线线宽参量,应该对吸收系数进行拟合,该结论从理论和实验上得到了证明。     

917～945nm水汽吸收线线强度和空气加宽系数测量

利用连续波窄带可调谐钛宝石激光器和长光程吸收池测量了９１７～９４５ｎｍ６０余条水汽吸收线的强度和空气加宽系数。线强度测量精度优于４％，加宽系数测量精度优于６％。线强度结果和Ｃｈｅｖｉｌａｒｄ等的测量结果比较，比值为０．９８６±０．０６８５，符合得较好。空气加宽系数和Ｈｉｔｒａｎ－９２数据库比较，比值为０．９０６±０．１６４，存在较大的偏差     

室温下1.3μm附近CO2的高灵敏度半导体激光吸收光谱

用DFB（分布反馈）半导体激光器结合波长调制吸收光谱技术观测了CO2在1.31μm附近的泛频吸收光谱，并获得的相应的光谱参数（如：谱线位置，谱线强度以及自加宽系数），同时发现了15条弱的新谱线。在665 Pa压力下，本实验可探测的最弱谱线是2.25163′10-27 cm-1/(molecule×cm-2)，相应的吸收是3.88′10-8。     

一种基于空问外差光谱技术观测的逐线积分水汽浓度反演方法

空间外差光谱技术(SHS)是一种可进行高光谱分辨率探测的光谱分析技术,其灵敏度高,可实现成像探测,特别适用于大气中痕量气体的观测.鉴于此,提出了一种在实验室理想环境下水平观测水汽的逐线积分反演算法.使用Voigt线型函数计算出所选带宽内各吸收线的吸收系数,并将半宽校正剑相应压力水平下;考虑各吸收线的线翼吸收贡献,计算出波段内的平均透过率;结合通过实测光谱得出的透过率推算水汽浓度.应用在1590～1610 cm-1波段内傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)的实测数据计算不同水汽浓度的平均透过率,并与相应的应用Modtran计算的结果相比较,最终验证了算法的可行性.     

13CH4分子v3振动带空气和氮气加宽系数温度依赖性研究

采用中红外波段连续可调谐二极管激光器和自行研制的低温吸收池, 测量了温度为296 K, 252 K, 213 K, 173 K时, 3.38 μm附近¹³CH₄分子的四条跃迁谱线的氮气和空气加宽光谱; 首次通过实验获得空气和氮气对¹³CH₄分子的碰撞加宽系数, 以及谱线加宽系数的温度依赖系数. 实验过程中, 利用Voigt线型对所测量的光谱进行拟合. 实验结果表明, 氮气和空气对¹³CH₄分子的碰撞诱导加宽系数随温度的降低而增大; 相同温度下, 氮气对¹³CH₄分子的碰撞加宽系数普遍大于空气加宽系数. 实验数据为地球和外星体大气遥感探测提供了依据.     

基于中红外QCL激光和新型多通池高灵敏度测量CO和N_2O的研究

利用量子级联激光器(QCL)结合新型小型化光学多通吸收池高灵敏度同时测量CO和N2O痕量气体。所用激光为工作在4.3 mm附近的宽调谐、无跳模外腔量子级联激光器,激光在较短的时间内(1 s)连续波长扫描,并覆盖N2O(2203.73333 cm-1)和CO(2203.161 cm-1)两种分子的吸收谱线,从而实现对N2O和CO的同时测量。利用物理基长为12 cm的新型小型化光学多通吸收池,探测光在吸收池内来回反射243次,有效光程达到29 m。利用波长调制吸收光谱和二次谐波探测技术实现了对N2O和CO的高灵敏度探测,测量系统的最低可探测浓度极限约为2.0×10-9(N2O)和1.7×10-9(CO)。     

1.65μm附近CH_4分子高分辨率吸收光谱研究

采用连续可调谐二极管半导体激光器为探测光源,以可调怀特型长光程多通池(46.36～1158.90m)作为吸收池,采用直接吸收的方法,探测了室温下1.65μm附近CH4分子的高分辨率吸收光谱。在6043.00～6053.72cm-1范围内探测了5组不同压力和光程下的吸收光谱,观测到了259条线新的CH4分子吸收谱线,实验数据用Gaussian线型进行拟合,得到了这些吸收谱线的线强、线位置以及线强的标准偏差值,并对光谱中难以分辨的吸收谱线进行了分析。探测得到的最小谱线线强是4.3×10-27cm-1·(molcule·cm-2)-1,吸收谱线线强大于3.0×10-24cm-1·(mol·cm-2)-1由于吸收饱和而未被处理,同时所测得的光谱也显示出CH4分子在1.65μm附近有非常丰富的弱吸收谱线和复杂的结构。文中所报道的吸收谱线都是HITRAN2004数据库中所未报道的,而且也未见有其他文献报道过。     

激光外差光谱仪的水汽柱浓度反演研究

水汽是地球大气的重要组成部分,也是平衡地气系统辐射收支的一个重要因素,对天气和气候变化有着重要的影响。常用的水汽柱浓度测量设备,如无线电探空仪、激光雷达、微波辐射计、太阳光度计、DOAS仪器以及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等,难以兼顾高分辨率以及便携机动等应用需求。为此,基于一种高灵敏度、高分辨率光谱探测技术,围绕水汽柱浓度的探测开展了相关研究,取得的主要成果有：(1) 基于激光外差光谱技术,利用窄线宽带间级联激光器作为本振光源,与太阳跟踪仪结合,建立了一套高分辨率激光外差太阳光谱测量装置,光谱分辨率达到了0.002 cm-1。(2) 采用Langley-plot方法对高分辨率激光外差太阳光谱测量装置进行了现场定标,并于云南紫金山天文台观测站开展了外场测量,获得了2 831~2 833 cm-1波段太阳光谱的直接测量数据。对实测的太阳光谱进行归一化处理后,获得了高分辨率的整层大气透过率谱。(3) 利用逐线积分辐射传输模式（line by line radiative transfer model,LBLRTM）计算了整层大气透过率谱,并与实测的透过率谱进行了非线性最小二乘拟合,实现了水汽柱浓度的反演。同时利用微波辐射计进行了水汽柱浓度的观测,将反演结果与实测结果进行了对比分析,两者的一致性相对较好,最小相对偏差为16.59%,最大相对偏差为21.69%。(4) 反演结果与实测结果的偏差主要由反演算法误差和装置测量误差所导致。反演算法误差包括辐射传输模式的计算误差、实际大气温度的测量误差、甲烷浓度不确定性引入的误差、HDO丰度与自然丰度的偏差,装置测量误差包括装置定标误差、波长标定误差、系统噪声影响、背景信号以及直流信号的微弱起伏引起的误差。(5) 文中选取的2 831~2 833 cm-1波段同时包含了水汽和甲烷的吸收,在反演水汽柱浓度的同时,同步进行了甲烷柱浓度的反演。以甲烷初始柱浓度作为参考值,发现反演后的甲烷柱浓度相对初始柱浓度的数值平均增加了14.41%。高分辨率激光外差太阳光谱测量装置结合反演算法是一种有效的整层大气透过率以及水汽、甲烷柱浓度探测的综合设备,在多组分气体浓度探测方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

1.517 μm附近水汽分子谱线加宽系数的腔衰荡光谱测量

 以超低膨胀系数微晶玻璃为腔体,以分布反馈式激光器为光源,建立了一套等噪声测量灵敏度为3.2×10^-9 cm^-1的调腔式连续波腔衰荡光谱系统。应用该系统对1.517 μm附近(6 586.5~6 596.5 cm^-1范围内)的7条水汽吸收谱线进行了实验研究,测得了这些谱线在氮气、空气环境下的谱线加宽系数。根据测得的结果,得到了此波段水汽的空气加宽系数与氮气加宽系数之比为0.896 9±0.068 7(3倍标准误差范围内),并就测得水汽的谱线加宽系数与HITRAN2004数据库数据进行了比较。     

Comparison between theoretical calculations and high-resolution measurements of pressure broadening for near-infrared water spectra

We report N₂ and air foreign pressure broadening coefficients of more than twenty rovibrational transitions of water vapor in the 935-nm spectral region, and these measurements are compared to new theoretical calculations. The data were obtained using the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy method, yielding relative uncertainties for the broadening parameters in the range 0.4-2.2%. The sensitivity of measured broadening parameters to the choice of line shape functions is discussed, and systematic differences between experimentally determined collisional broadening coefficients are shown for the cases when the observed line narrowing is interpreted in terms of Dicke-narrowing or the speed-dependence of the collisional broadening and shifting. Theoretical models of pressure broadening for these transitions agree with the measurements to within 4% for most transitions with an average relative difference of 0.63%.     

Study of the parameters of the collisionally broadened R22 absorption line of the 1000-0001 transition in CO2 molecules: I. Experiment

Unsaturated absorption coefficients in pure carbon dioxide at pressures of 1 and 100 Torr and in CO₂-N₂ and CO₂-He binary mixtures at a pressure of 100 Torr have been measured in the temperature range of 296?C700 K using a frequency-stabilized tunable CO₂ laser. The collisional self-broadening coefficient, the relative coefficients of collisional broadening caused by N₂ and He buffer gases, and their temperature dependences have been determined for the R22 absorption line of the 10⁰0?C00⁰1 transition in CO₂ molecules.     

Self-, N2- and O2-broadening coefficients for the CO2 transitions near-IR measured by a diode laser photoacoustic spectrometer

Using a high-resolution tunable diode laser photoacoustic spectrometer, self-, N₂ and O₂ pressure broadening coefficients for the first 11 transitions of ¹²C¹⁶O₂ in the R branch of the (30012) ← (00001) overtone band at the 6348 cm⁻¹ have been revisited at room temperature (∼298 K). Air-broadening parameters have also been calculated from the N₂ and O₂ measurements. The dependence of the broadening on rotational quantum number m is discussed. The recorded lineshapes are fitted with standard Voigt line profiles in order to determine the collisional broadening coefficients of carbon dioxide transitions. The results are compared to our previous measurements and to the values reported in the HITRAN04 database and by other research group with a different spectroscopic technique.     

High-resolution cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of blended H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O transitions

We probed four closely spaced rovibrational water vapor absorption transitions near =7100 cm^-1 using frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Room-temperature spectra were acquired for pure water vapor in the Doppler limit and for mixtures containing ≈6.6 μmol mol^-1 of water vapor in N₂ at total gas pressures ranging from 6.5 kPa to 53 kPa. By measuring Lamb dips for each transition, we demonstrated a resolution of 50 kHz and determined relative transition frequencies with an uncertainty <0.4 MHz over a 10 GHz range. Pressure-induced broadening, collisional narrowing coefficients of the component transitions and line areas were retrieved by fits of model line shapes to the measured spectra. Standard and advanced models were considered including those which incorporated the combined effects of collisional narrowing and speed-dependent line broadening and line shifting. By measuring water vapor concentration with a transfer standard hygrometer, we determined line intensities in terms of measured line areas with a combined relative uncertainty of 0.6%. PACS 33.20.-t; 33.70.Jg; 33.70.Fd; 42.62.Fi     

Pressure broadening coefficients of induced by for Venus atmosphere

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) induced pressure broadening coefficients of water vapor (H₂O) lines have been determined using a terahertz time-domain spectrometer (TDS). Thirty-two rotational transitions of H₂O were observed in the spectral range of 18– (550–3050 GHz) for the first time. Using TDS allows one to measure absorption spectra with one order of magnitude better precision than Fourier transform spectrometer in this frequency region. The precision of our broadening coefficient measurements was 2.4% in average. The measured CO₂ induced pressure broadening coefficients are compared to those calculated by the complex Robert–Bonamy formalism. The difference between the measurement and the theoretical estimation was in the range of -10.7% to +19.0% confirming the credibility of the theoretical approach. The impact on retrieval of water vapor abundance was examined by performing inversion analysis on H₂O spectra of Venus atmosphere obtained with the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite. In this example case, the retrieved water vapor mixing ratio reduces by half at the altitude region of 70–85 km when applying the newly measured broadening coefficient compared to the air-broadening coefficient, and changes by 5% compared to that estimated by the complex Robert–Bonamy formalism.     

Diode laser spectroscopy of He,N2 and air broadened water vapour transitions belonging to the (2ν1 + ν2 + ν3) overtone band

The line shape parameters of rovibrational transitions of water vapour belonging to the (2ν₁ + ν₂ + ν₃) overtone band due to collisions between absorber molecules and noble gas helium have been measured in the spectral range between 11988.494 cm^?1 and 12218.829 cm^?1 using NIR diode laser spectrometer. In addition nitrogen and air broadening effects on some water vapour transitions belonging to the same band have also been studied. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy along with phase sensitive detection technique are used to record first derivative (1f) signal of buffer gas broadened water vapour transitions. Observed line shapes are fitted to standard Voigt profiles by non-linear least squares fitting program to extract the line shape parameters, like line strength and pressure broadening coefficients. The broadening effects induced by different types of buffer gases on water vapour line shapes are compared. Rotational quantum number (J) dependence of broadening coefficients of water vapour transitions is also examined.     

Diode laser measurements of temperature-dependent collisional-narrowing and broadening parameters of Ar-perturbed H2O transitions at 1391.7 and 1397.8 nm

High-resolution absorption lineshapes of two H₂O transitions near 7185.60 and 7154.35 cm⁻¹ have been recorded in a heated static cell as a function of temperature (296-1100 K) and pressure (6-830 Torr) using two distributed-feedback diode lasers. The measured absorption spectra are least squares fit to both Voigt and Galatry profiles. Strong collisional-narrowing effects are observed in the Ar-broadened H₂O spectra at near-atmospheric pressure due to the relatively weak collisional broadening induced by Ar-H₂O collisions, while collisional narrowing is not significant for pure H₂O absorption lineshapes. Line strengths and self-broadening coefficients are inferred from the pure H₂O absorption spectra and compared with published data. Temperature dependences of the Ar-induced broadening, narrowing, and shift coefficients are determined using Galatry fits to the absorption data. The measured collisional-narrowing parameters have similar temperature dependence to the collisional-broadening coefficients.     

Pressure-induced line broadening for the (30012)←(00001) band of CO2 measured with tunable diode laser photoacoustic spectroscopy

Pressure-induced foreign-broadening lineshape parameters of the carbon dioxide rovibrational transitions belonging to the (30012)←(00001) overtone band near the 1.573 μm wavelength region are measured by using a tunable diode laser photoacoustic spectrometer. The spectroscopic analysis has concerned the first 11 lines of the R branch. For these lines, the air- and Ar-broadening coefficients are measured at room temperature (∼298 K). The measured broadening coefficients of all the transitions of ¹²C¹⁶O₂ are compared with those given in the HITRAN04 database and former measurements with a different spectroscopic method. Agreements and discrepancies are underlined and briefly discussed. The recorded lineshapes are fitted with standard Voigt line profiles in order to determine the collisional broadening coefficient of carbon dioxide transitions.     

CO2 concentration and temperature sensor for combustion gases using diode-laser absorption near 2.7 μm

A new tunable diode-laser sensor based on CO₂ absorption near 2.7 μm is developed for high-resolution absorption measurements of CO₂ concentration and temperature. The sensor probes the R(28) and P(70) transitions of the ν₁+ν₃ combination band of CO₂ that has stronger absorption line-strengths than the bands near 1.5 μm and 2.0 μm used previously to sense CO₂ in combustion gases. The increased absorption strength of transitions in this new wavelength range provides greatly enhanced sensitivity and the potential for accurate measurements in combustion gases with short optical path lengths. Simulated high-temperature spectra are surveyed to find candidate CO₂ transitions isolated from water vapor interference. Measurements of line-strength, line position, and collisional broadening parameters are carried out for candidate CO₂ transitions in a heated static cell as a function of temperature and compared to literature values. The accuracy of a fixed-wavelength CO₂ absorption sensor is determined via measurement of known temperature and CO₂ mole fraction in a static cell and shock-tube. Absorption measurements of CO₂ are then made in a laboratory flat-flame burner and in ignition experiments of shock-heated n-heptane/O₂/argon mixtures to illustrate the potential of this sensor for combustion and reacting-flow applications. PACS 42.62.Fi; 42.55.Px; 07.07.Df     

Computations of temperature dependences for line shape parameters in the 30012 ← 00001 and 30013 ← 00001 bands of pure CO2

In this study, we have calculated the broadening and first order line mixing parameters for over 100 transitions in the 30012 ← 00001 and 30013 ← 00001 bands of carbon dioxide. The calculations were performed over the 193–323 K temperature range for pure CO₂ and lean mixtures of CO₂ and air. The elements of the relaxation matrices were calculated at the appropriate physical conditions using the Exponential Power Gap (EPG) and Energy Corrected Sudden (ECS) scaling laws. We have compared our calculated low pressure line mixing parameters and the broadening coefficients with experimental results from two previous studies in our group available at 217, 234, 258 and 296 K. At all temperatures, the calculated broadening coefficients were also compared with those available in the HITRAN database.